Medicina-Lithuania最新文献

{"title":"PyGlaucoMetrics: A Stacked Weight-Based Machine Learning Approach for Glaucoma Detection Using Visual Field Data.","authors":"Mousa Moradi, Saber Kazeminasab Hashemabad, Daniel M Vu, Allison R Soneru, Asahi Fujita, Mengyu Wang, Tobias Elze, Mohammad Eslami, Nazlee Zebardast","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030541","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Objectives</i>: Glaucoma (GL) classification is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, yet relying solely on stand-alone models or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes is insufficient due to limited predictive power and inconsistencies in clinical labeling. This study aims to improve GL classification using stacked weight-based machine learning models. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We analyzed a subset of 33,636 participants (58% female) with 340,444 visual fields (VFs) from the Mass Eye and Ear (MEE) dataset. Five clinically relevant GL detection models (LoGTS, UKGTS, Kang, HAP2_part1, and Foster) were selected to serve as base models. Two multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models were trained using 52 total deviation (TD) and pattern deviation (PD) values from Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) 24-2 VF tests, along with four clinical variables (age, gender, follow-up time, and race) to extract model weights. These weights were then utilized to train three meta-learners, including logistic regression (LR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and MLP, to classify cases as GL or non-GL. <i>Results</i>: The MLP meta-learner achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 96.43%, an F-score of 96.01%, and an AUC of 97.96%, while also demonstrating the lowest prediction uncertainty (0.08 ± 0.13). XGB followed with 92.86% accuracy, a 92.31% F-score, and a 96.10% AUC. LR had the lowest performance, with 89.29% accuracy, an 86.96% F-score, and a 94.81% AUC, as well as the highest uncertainty (0.58 ± 0.07). Permutation importance analysis revealed that the superior temporal sector was the most influential VF feature, with importance scores of 0.08 in Kang's and 0.04 in HAP2_part1 models. Among clinical variables, age was the strongest contributor (score = 0.3). <i>Conclusions</i>: The meta-learner outperformed stand-alone models in GL classification, achieving an accuracy improvement of 8.92% over the best-performing stand-alone model (LoGTS with 87.51%), offering a valuable tool for automated glaucoma detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Global Longitudinal Strain at Discharge Period on Predicting Cardiac Defibrillator Implantation in STEMİ Patients with Impaired Left Ventricle Systolic Functions.","authors":"Ömer Ferudun Akkuş, Muhammet Gürdoğan","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030545","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Objectives</i>: Contemporary studies have shown that low ejection fraction (EF) is a significant predictor of sudden cardiac death in ischemic heart failure. However, relying solely on EF and waiting 90 days for ICD implantation is inadequate for preventing sudden death in STEMI patients. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This study aims to explore if left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) measured at discharge can predict EF < 35% at the third-month follow-up in STEMI patients with impaired systolic function (EF < 35%). The study involved 69 patients diagnosed with STEMI. The results from 29 patients with EF ≤ 35% and 40 patients with EF between 36 and 49% were compared. Echocardiographic images were recorded, and the LV GLS value was measured. <i>Results</i>: In both univariate and multivariate regression analyses, LV GLS at discharge was the only independent predictor of EF ≤ 35% after three months. An LV GLS value below 9.55% at discharge predicted an EF below 35% at 90 days, with 75% sensitivity and 76.5% specificity (AUC = 0.814, <i>p</i> = 0.005). <i>Conclusions</i>: Current guidelines recommend waiting three months before ICD implantation in STEMI patients with EF ≤ 35%, but this study suggests that low GLS can help identify high-risk patients earlier, potentially reducing the waiting period for ICD implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT-2i-A Useful Tool for Real-Life Metabolic and Body Weight Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.","authors":"Mihaela-Simona Popoviciu, Teodor Salmen, Delia Reurean-Pintilei, Vlad Voiculescu, Anca Pantea Stoian","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030548","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Objectives:</i> Elevated blood sugar poses an increasingly significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the SGLT-2i class in achieving metabolic control in patients with T2DM within a real-world standard-of-care regimen. <i>Material and Methods:</i> A prospective analysis was conducted over 6 months including individuals receiving care in an outpatient department, with baseline assessments and follow-ups at 3 and 6 months. <i>Results:</i> A total of 280 patients were assessed, with a mean age of 63.69 ± 9.16, 53.9% of which were males, with a mean DM duration of 9.06 ± 5.64 years, and a DM duration varying from 6 months to 24 years. <i>Discussion:</i> Real-world evidence bridges the gap between guidelines and practice. It emphasizes the need to overcome clinical inertia in order to optimize patient outcomes and contributes to the body of evidence supporting the efficacy of fixed-dose SGLT-2i combinations in managing T2DM and associated comorbidities. <i>Conclusions:</i> We demonstrate the significant clinical and therapeutic impact of SGLT-2i in T2DM patients in a real-world setting. This class of medication not only positively influences glycemic and weight control but also reduces CV risk factors and visceral adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking Barriers-The Promise and Challenges of Limb Osseointegration Surgery.","authors":"Agnieszka Wnuk-Scardaccione, Jan Bilski","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030542","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limb amputation remains a significant global health issue, affecting millions of individuals annually. A substantial proportion of these patients struggle with the inadequate fit and discomfort of conventional prosthetic sockets, leading to diminished quality of life. Osseointegration surgery, a promising alternative, offers the direct skeletal attachment of bone, implant, and prosthetic, providing a more stable and functional interface. Osseointegration remains an emerging procedure, and while exact global figures are difficult to pinpoint, estimates suggest that over 10,000 patients worldwide have received osseointegration implants since the technique was first introduced. This perspective article analyzes recent advancements in the field of limb osseointegration, highlighting key achievements such as improved implant materials, surgical techniques, and comprehensive prosthetic integration strategies. Additionally, it explores future directions for development and discusses the latest research trends shaping the evolution of this field. Despite these developments, the widespread adoption of osseointegration faces significant barriers, including complications, limited access to multidisciplinary care, economic constraints, and the need for further long-term clinical evidence. In this paper, we present an extensive perspective on the current state of osseointegration, discuss the challenges impeding its broader implementation, and offer recommendations to address these obstacles, with the goal of enhancing patient outcomes and facilitating the integration of osseointegration into mainstream clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Surgical Technique for the First Case of Neglected Bilateral Severe Congenital Genu Recurvatum Combined with Bilateral Talipes Equinocavovarus.","authors":"Kuan-Lin Liu, Ting-Yu Hung, Xin-Le Eng, Ing-Ho Chen","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030543","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital genu recurvatum (CGR) is a rare congenital knee deformity that can be diagnosed pre- or postnatally. Most CGR cases are treated during infancy by manipulation and serial casting or splinting. Only a few neglected cases of CGR in adults with the necessity of surgical treatment have been reported. This study presents the first case of neglected bilateral severe CGR combined with bilateral talipes equinocavovarus (BTE) in a 25-year-old woman. This case is unique, because BTE is secondary to CGR with persistent progression into adulthood. The patient underwent two-stage surgeries with 1.5-month intervals to correct the knee and foot/ankle deformities. For CGR, a novel technique that combines posterior closing and anterior open wedge osteotomy was carried out to separately address the issues of 80° and 60° deformity, achieving a total correction of 140° for both knee hyperextension deformities. For BTE, the modified Lambrinudi triple arthrodesis and almost complete plantar fascia release were performed for the treatment of foot/ankle deformities. The patient had no neurovascular problems, and the wounds healed well. After 1 year of hospital-based rehabilitation training, the patient could stand and walk without the help of any walking-assist devices. The outcomes of the three- and nine-year follow-ups were highly satisfactory. Our patient represents a technically challenging case for orthopaedic surgeons because of the complexity of the surgical plan and techniques for the treatment of a patient concurrently having CGR and BTE.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Neural Oscillations for Cognitive Enhancement in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Federica Palacino, Paolo Manganotti, Alberto Benussi","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030547","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is marked by progressive cognitive decline, affecting memory, language, orientation, and behavior. Pathological hallmarks include extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles, which disrupt synaptic function and connectivity. Neural oscillations, the rhythmic synchronization of neuronal activity across frequency bands, are integral to cognitive processes but become dysregulated in AD, contributing to network dysfunction and memory impairments. Targeting these oscillations has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that specific frequency modulations can restore oscillatory balance, improve synaptic plasticity, and reduce amyloid and tau pathology. In animal models, interventions, such as gamma entrainment using sensory stimulation and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), have shown efficacy in enhancing memory function and modulating neuroinflammatory responses. Clinical trials have reported promising cognitive improvements with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS), particularly when targeting key hubs in memory-related networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and frontal-parietal network. Moreover, gamma-tACS has been linked to increased cholinergic activity and enhanced network connectivity, which are correlated with improved cognitive outcomes in AD patients. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in optimizing stimulation parameters, individualizing treatment protocols, and understanding long-term effects. Emerging approaches, including transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) and closed-loop adaptive neuromodulation, hold promise for refining therapeutic strategies. Integrating neuromodulation with pharmacological and lifestyle interventions may maximize cognitive benefits. Continued interdisciplinary efforts are essential to refine these approaches and translate them into clinical practice, advancing the potential for neural oscillation-based therapies in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Training According to Radiological Stages in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Sibel Gayretli Atan, Esra Pehlivan, Sinan Bağçacı","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030546","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Objectives</i>: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of proprioceptive studies according to radiological stages in patients with knee osteoarthritis and to determine at which stage of the disease it should be added to the rehabilitation program. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This study is a prospective clinical trial. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (name of the registry: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Training According to Radiological Stages in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis; trial registration number: NCT06150170; date of registration: 21 November 2023). The patients were divided into two groups, which were Grade 1-2 (Group 1) and Grade 3-4 (Group 2) knee osteoarthritis. Both groups underwent a strengthening plus proprioception exercise 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Our primary scale was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) scale. The secondary outcome measures were pain intensity level, proprioception, range of motion, muscle strength, physical performance, physical activity, quality of life and patient satisfaction. All evaluations were performed twice, before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment. <i>Conclusions</i>: After treatment, there were significant improvements in pain, range of motion, proprioception, muscle strength, functionality, physical performance and quality of life in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the total WOMAC scores among groups after treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.086). There was more improvement in hip external rotation range of motion in Group 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.022). No significant difference was found in other secondary outcomes (<i>p</i> > 0.05). As a result of this study, we found that proprioceptive training was effective on pain, joint position sense, range of motion, muscle strength, functionality, physical performance and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis in all radiological stages. However, there was no difference between the groups, except for hip external rotation angles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and Barriers Toward Antiretroviral Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Among Infectious Disease Providers.","authors":"Hongmei Wang, Cecilia M Torres, Thomas P Giordano, Bich N Dang, Dong Liang","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030544","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background/Objectives</i>: Effective HIV treatment and prevention rely heavily on patient adherence to the prescribed regimen. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which involves measuring medication concentrations in blood circulation, offers an objective method to evaluate toxic or ineffective drug levels. TDM is not routinely used in HIV treatment in clinical practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to survey infectious disease providers' attitudes and barriers toward therapeutic drug monitoring for antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A 15-item online survey was distributed to infectious disease providers in the Greater Houston area, including physicians, pharmacists, and mid-level practitioners involved in HIV patient care. The survey was disseminated via the Houston Citywide Infectious Disease Provider Network and the Houston AIDS Education and Training Center. The survey employed close-ended questions to evaluate providers' attitudes, perceptions, practices, and barriers toward antiretroviral drug level monitoring. Responses were recorded using a five-point Likert scale. Demographic characteristics and information regarding research involvement were collected to contextualize the findings. The survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with categorical variables expressed as frequencies and percentages using SAS software. <i>Results</i>: A total of 139 responses were received, with 89 participants meeting the inclusion criteria; the majority were female (62.9%), nearly half were aged 34 or younger (53.4%), 50% were physicians and 36.3% pharmacists, and most worked in hospitals (52.3%) or clinics (35.2%). The findings demonstrate participants' predominantly positive attitudes toward TDM. Nearly 70% agree (agree or strongly agree) that TDM will be helpful and will positively impact improving drug efficacy and medication adherence. The results revealed barriers to implementing TDM, including a lack of evidence supporting TDM's impact on HIV outcomes, and the absence of clinical guidelines. The results indicated that >90% were ambivalent or agreed that there was not enough evidence to support the use of TDM, and nearly all recognized that the guidelines do not endorse it or did not know if they do not endorse it. <i>Conclusions</i>: This study highlighted positive attitudes and significant barriers to implementing therapeutic drug monitoring, including a lack of evidence supporting TDM's impact on HIV outcomes and the absence of clinical guidelines supporting TDM's widespread use. The findings emphasize the need for clinical trials and longitudinal studies to establish definitive evidence on the effectiveness of TDM in improving HIV treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latest Advances in Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy.","authors":"Marco Spadaccini, Alessandro Fugazza","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030550","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of biliopancreatic endoscopy has witnessed transformative advancements, driven by technological innovations, novel techniques, and an evolving understanding of disease processes [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.","authors":"Nurullah İlhan, Akif Doğan, Hande Nur Erölmez, Fatih Atalah, Süleyman Baş, Servan Yasar, Hatice Odabaş, Mahmut Gümüş","doi":"10.3390/medicina61030549","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicina61030549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Objectives:</i> CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have revolutionized the treatment of hormone receptor-positive HER2 negative (HR(+)/HER2(-)) breast cancer. Despite their efficacy, interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of ILD associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer patients in Turkey. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A retrospective multicenter analysis included 464 breast cancer patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors between January 2017 and April 2024. Patients receiving ribociclib or palbociclib were evaluated for the development of ILD. Radiological assessments were performed to confirm ILD and exclude other conditions. Clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and outcomes were analyzed. <i>Results</i>: ILD was identified in 10 patients (2.1%). The average age of the affected patients was 62.5 ± 9.85 years. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) were the most common radiological patterns. Palbociclib was implicated in six cases, while ribociclib was associated with four cases. Grade 3 pulmonary toxicity was observed in eight patients, and Grade 4 toxicity in two patients. One patient who was on palbociclib died due to ILD. No significant correlation was found between ILD and age, smoking status, lung metastases, or prior thoracic radiotherapy. <i>Conclusions</i>: The incidence of CDK4/6 inhibitor-associated ILD in Turkish breast cancer patients appears higher than previously reported in clinical trials. More robust, long-term studies are necessary to identify potential risk factors and mitigate ILD-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":49830,"journal":{"name":"Medicina-Lithuania","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}