Natural Areas Journal最新文献

{"title":"On Foot in the African Bush","authors":"K. Griggs","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"207 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial and Natural Intelligence","authors":"Eric Menges","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.97","url":null,"abstract":"I’m sure you’ve heard quite a bit about artificial intelligence (AI), which seems to be having a moment in mainstream media. In particular, ChatGPT is an AI program available for intellectual playtime, and perhaps for a quick way to write a term paper. It occurred to me that it would be interesting to test ChatGPT on a Natural Areas topic. So, I asked ChatGPT: ‘‘How to manage natural areas with fire?’’ The initial response was not wrong, although it seemed rather vague:","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"97 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46192866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brave New Arctic: The Untold Story of the Melting North","authors":"K. Griggs","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"140 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42676347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Over 22 Years Documents Invasion of Rare Riverscour Plant Community on the Delaware River","authors":"Stephanie J. Perles, Jeff Shreiner, L. A. Starcevich","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.98","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A rare riverscour community along the Delaware River's New Jersey shoreline that supports numerous state-listed rare plant species was monitored three times between 1998 and 2020, revealing numerous significant trends in plant species richness and abundance. Cover of nonnative species and nonnative invasive species increased annually by 3.8% and 3.7%, respectively, while nonnative and nonnative invasive species richness increased annually by 1.1% and 1.3%. Cover of native species was stable; however, native species richness declined annually by 0.42%. Cover of trees and shrubs increased significantly by nearly 6% annually, while graminoid cover declined by 1.5% annually and herbaceous cover showed no significant trend. Shifts in plant species' importance values documented the establishment and spread of several invasive shrub and herbaceous species, as well as the extensive spread of the invasive reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Native grasses and sedges characteristic of the riverscour community, as well as over half of the 147 native herbaceous species identified, declined in importance value over the sampling period. Future declines in winter ice scour due to projected warmer, shorter winters underscore the importance of managing woody invasive plants at this site. Reed canarygrass and herbaceous invasive species also pose a challenge to the management and preservation of this rare community.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"98 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biologist Abroad","authors":"K. Griggs","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.142","url":null,"abstract":"Rory Putman presents a series of stories from his own field work in A Biologist Abroad. He has worked as a zoologist in three disparate environments: Iceland, Africa, and Indonesia. Drawings by Catherine Putman enhance the entire book. The longest, well-developed account in this book highlights research during long summer nights and days as his team studied 30,000 wild pink-footed geese in Iceland. They observed birds in central Iceland where they nest in extensive wetlands and on high riverside rock stacks. The team collected data for later analysis so they could determine whether these birds are a distinct species. These experiences set the tone for the entire book. Putman dramatically recalls extreme weather and physical hazards while his team studied the life cycle of pink-footed geese in 1969. The expedition began with an ocean voyage and camping in Iceland while arranging a bus to the site. The seven men had extreme difficulties with transporting their gear to the large Pjorsarver wetland research site near the central part of the country. The team began by hauling canvas tents, provisions, and equipment, and then hiking across expansive wetlands and below glaciers. This recollection seems like a contemporary adventure to readers who immediately share his excitement and delight at every discovery. As Putman and the other team members assigned each other to bird nest sites for rotating observations and campsite duties, they coped with daily cold, rain, and snow and great danger of stream crossings. Eventually, they decided to work continuously on long summer nights and days. Next, they planned to capture some geese and take blood samples for scientific analysis. Eight ROTC cadets from Radley College came to help for a week. The team learned that geese walk in very large groups to higher elevations when threatened, so they trapped 500–600 birds by using nets and poles. The scientists saw old, low stone fences that had been used in the past to funnel geese into a natural cleft on a large hillside above the wetlands. Putman found that local Icelanders ride ponies, which seemed like a great advantage. These people historically rode the ponies to drive flocks of geese into that natural cleft. He describes other bird species such as plovers, wildlife encounters including an Arctic fox, and natural wonders such as moss rings, ice caves, and heaps of 40 young birds that slept together when lost or orphaned. The second ‘‘book’’ in the volume follows two dozen color photographs through which the author documents the drama of African markets and species of African wildlife that he mentions in the following pages. Putman had animal husbandry research questions when he worked in East Africa. He went to the wildlife ranch of the African Wildlife Leadership Foundation to learn about their work with oryx, eland, and buffalo. They wanted to know if native animals could be semi-domesticated. Due to the natural aggressive behavior of the buffalo, only two spec","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"142 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the Risk of Sexual Misconduct during Field Research with Students","authors":"C. A. Copenheaver, Saskia L. van de Gevel, Adam K. Downing, T. A. Coates","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many research teams that work at remote field sites include undergraduate and graduate students. It is the responsibility of project directors to be informed about the frequency of sexual misconduct among research teams and to implement best practices and policies to reduce the risk of sexual misconduct. Students and other individuals from lower positions of power experience higher rates of sexual misconduct when participating in research at remote locations. Our research group hosted a two-day focus group with experienced researchers and administrators from academia, government agencies, and biological field stations to identify best practices and policies that reduce the risk of sexual misconduct for members of research teams working at remote locations. The participants identified 43 best practices and policies with 15 items rated as “essential,” 27 items rated as “very important,” and one item rated as “somewhat important.” The focus group participants identified codes of conduct as an essential tool for defining sexual misconduct, clearly stating behavioral expectations, establishing a review process for potential violations, and enforcing penalties for violators. The code of conduct must be shared with research team members prior to departure to the field site and be revisited multiple times throughout the research experience. All members of the research team must be able to trust that reports of sexual misconduct will be fairly evaluated by leadership and violations will result in consequences for the responsible individuals. Reducing the risk of sexual misconduct among remote research teams requires conscious effort and actions from administrators and research directors.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"117 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book List","authors":"","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"146 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44378884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Richness and Floristic Quality Metrics Differ in Their Sensitivity to Lonicera maackii Invasions with Increasing Area","authors":"E. Tovar, Jeffrey W. Matthews","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plant invasions are generally associated with lower biodiversity and ecosystem function, but the impacts of plant invasions on species richness are often scale-dependent. Like species richness, metrics of community structure and quality likely differ in their sensitivity to plant invasions with area. Therefore, depending on the spatial scale of sampling, some metrics are unlikely to capture the impacts of plant invasions. Lonicera maackii is a shrub native to Asia and invasive across the eastern United States. The impact of L. maackii invasion on species richness and two floristic quality assessment (FQA) metrics, floristic quality index (FQI) and mean coefficient of conservatism (mean C), was studied across multiple spatial extents to determine the spatial breadth of the sensitivity of these metrics to plant invasions. We selected 12 forest plots: 6 uninvaded plots (<1% L. maackii cover) and 6 invaded plots (>70% L. maackii cover), which we divided into subplots of 1 m2, 62.5 m2, 125 m2, 250 m2, and 500 m2. Within each plot, we calculated average plant richness, mean C, and FQI for each spatial extent. Invaded plots displayed lower total richness at smaller spatial scales, with richness within L. maackii–invaded plots recovering to levels found among uninvaded plots at an extent of 62.5 m2. Invasion lowered both mean C and FQI at spatial extents ≤125 m2. Consequently, invasion impacts on FQA metrics likely manifest themselves at small spatial extents, and comparing invasion impact among management units should be carried out at these scales for proper comparison.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"108 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saving America's Amazon: The Threat to Our Nation's Most Biodiverse River System","authors":"D. J. Robertson","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"144 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of Soil Legacy Effects in the Management of Lespedeza cuneata, an Invasive Legume","authors":"Matthew S. Hodges, C. Goodwillie","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-43.2.124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Invasive plant species present a growing threat to biodiversity. Many invasive plants recruit microbial symbionts in their novel range that influence their growth and fitness. These soil legacy effects can linger after the removal of invasive species and impact restoration efforts. In a growth room experiment to investigate the legacy effects of an invasive legume and herbicide, Lespedeza cuneata was grown with either an intraspecific competitor or a native species in field-collected soils with and without history of an L. cuneata invasion and use of glyphosate herbicide. In separate experiments, we investigated seed germination and seed bank composition in these different soil types. Taken together, results suggest that legacy effects of L. cuneata invasion do not significantly contribute to its growth or spread in a floodplain in eastern North Carolina. The absence of soil legacy effects, which have been documented in other systems, may be attributed to frequent flooding observed in the system and the resulting homogenization of soil biota. Study findings also suggest that the application of glyphosate herbicide creates areas where L. cuneata can readily reinvade, as it significantly reduced the number and diversity of seedlings to emerge from the seed bank while increasing the aboveground biomass and nodule formation of L. cuneata. Concerning the restoration of native flora, data suggest that Chasmanthium latifolium may be negatively impacted by a L. cuneata invasion or glyphosate herbicide, while Solidago altissima and Chamaecrista nictitans could be successful in preventing areas from being reinvaded.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"124 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}