Natural Areas Journal最新文献

{"title":"Rewilding Agricultural Landscapes: A California Study in Rebalancing the Needs of People and Nature","authors":"S. Koptur","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.196","url":null,"abstract":"I enjoyed reading this book, subtitled A California Study in Rebalancing the Needs of People and Nature. The book is made up of chapters by contributors who have previously published extensively on this geographic area and synthesizes the state of knowledge and prospects for the future. While the challenges of growers in this important food-providing sector are different than in some other places, learning of the problems and the potential solutions is instructive. The tone is optimistic and contributors see the abandonment of farmland as a great opportunity to change things up and restore the native biota. In this Mediterranean climate, with fertile deep soils, there were more than 2 million acres converted to farmland in the San Joaquin Valley. Orchards of almonds and pistachios occupied 4 million acres. The area makes one-quarter of all the fruits and vegetables produced in the United States. The scarcity of water makes it more difficult for all land previously farmed in the San Joaquin Valley to continue producing crops as they depend on irrigation in this water-scarce environment. Fragments of ecosystems are described as “faded blueprints of the future.” Less than 30% of the native habitat remains today, but from those fragments it may be possible to replenish the flora that was erased when farms were created. In reestablishing populations of plants and animals, genetic considerations are important, so that as much variation as may have previously existed might be obtained by using individuals from many subpopulations. The best prospects for rewilding are areas where former farms may be combined into larger reserves, where habitat value can be higher and there will be less negative impact of taking land areas out of production. So many interesting species exist in this valley, such as the San Joaquin woolythread. This endangered plant, an annual forb in the sunflower family, depends on animals for its existence. Plants occur only around the burrows of giant kangaroo rats, who clean competing annual grasses away; the low-growing stature of the plants protects them from clipping by the rodents, and their fruits are burrs that catch rides on rodents to other hospitable places. The kangaroo rats have been extensively studied and models can predict where they might live, but changing climate may alter the scenario as places get warmer, particularly for the plants. Rewilding may improve human health and also help mitigate toward the state’s climate change mitigation goals. Soil carbon storage will increase dramatically when fields are no longer tilled and herbaceous and woody plants take hold. But realistically, only some of the farmland may revert to wildlands, and it is recommended that farmers make their lands more profitable by enlisting natural enemies and pollinators that can be supported by hedgerows and wildflower strips within the farms. Governmental changes could make it easier to accomplish rewilding, making the permitting process easie","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"196 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book List","authors":"M. L. Morrison, L. Brennan, B. Marcot, W. Block, K. McKelvey","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.209","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms of North America. National Audubon Society. 2023. Alfred A. Knopf. 711 pp (paper). [978-0-593-31998-7] Nourishment: What Animals Can Teach Us About Rediscovering Our Nutritional Wisdom. F. Provenza. 2023. Chelsea Green Publishing. 404 pp (paper). [978-1-60358-802-7] Hoofprints on the Land: How Traditional Herding and Growing Can Restore the Soil and Bring Animal Agriculture Back in Balance with the Earth. I. Köhler-Rollefson. 2023. Chelsea Green Publishing. 269 pp (paper). [978-1-64502-152-0] Baby Bird Identification: A North American Guide. L. TuttleAdams. 2023. Comstock Publishing Associates. 401 pp (paper). [978-1-5017-6285-7] At the Base of the Giant’s Throat: The Past and Future of America’s Great Dams. A.R. Palumbi. 2023. 328 pp (hard). [978-1-64012-493-6] Introduction to Fire in California, Second Edition. D. Carle. 2021. University of California Press. 223 pp (paper). [9-78-052037-914-5] Wildflowers of North America. National Audubon Society. 2023. Alfred A. Knopf. 911 pp (paper). [978-0-593-31994-9] Eight Bears: Mythic Past and Imperiled Future. G. Dickie. 2023. W.W. Norton and Company. 336 pp (paper). [978-1324-00508-7] Casting Seward: Fishing Adventures in Search of America’s Saltwater Gamefish. S. Ramirez. 2023. Lyons Press. 320 pp (paper). [978-1-4930-7098-5] Ecology of Dakota Landscapes: Past, Present and Future. W.C. Johnson and D.H. Knight. 2022. Yale University Press. 321 pp (paper). [978-0300253818] This Contested Land: The Storied Past and Uncertain Future of America’s National Monuments. M. Long. 2022. University of Minnesota Press. 280 pp (hard). [978-1517909826] The Nature of Data: Infrastructure, Environments, Politics. J. Goldstein and E. Nost (eds.) 2022. University of Nebraska Press. 344 pp (hard). [978-1-49621-715-8] Understanding Disaster Insurance: New Tools For a More Resilient Future. C. Kousky. 2022. Island Press. 204 pp (paper). [978-1-64283-225-9] Cold: Three Winters at the South Pole. W.L. White. 2022. Potomac Books. 256 pp (hard). [978-1-64012-552-0] An Eye for Birds. B. Kendrick. 2022. Whittles Publishing. 176 pp (paper). [978-1-84995-495-2] Foundations for Advancing Animal Ecology. M.L. Morrison, L.A. Brennan, B.G. Marcot, W.M. Block, and K.S. McKelvey. 2020. Johns Hopkins University Press. 191 pp (hard). [978-14214-3919-8] Planetary Health: Protecting Nature to Protect Ourselves. S. Myers and H. Frumkin (eds.). 2020. Island Press, 512 pp (paper). [978-1-61091-966-1] Edible and Medicinal Flora of the West Coast. C. Varner. 2020. University of Washington Press. 256 pp (paper). [978-177203-323-6] Wild Capital: Nature’s Economic and Ecological Wealth. B.K. Jones. 2019. University of Florida Press. 290 pp (hard). [9781-68340-104-9] State of the Apes: Infrastructure Development and Ape Conservation. H. Rainer, A. White, and A. Lanjouw (eds.). 2018. 354 pp (paper). [978-1-108-43641-0] The Geysers of Yellowstone. S. Bryan. 2018. University Press of Colorado. 480 pp (paper). [978-1-60732-839-1] Transforming","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"209 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief History of the Natural Areas Movement","authors":"R. Noss, G. Aplet, P. Comer, C. Enquist, J. Franklin, J. Riley, Hugh Safford","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.169","url":null,"abstract":"In celebration of the Natural Areas Association’s 50 years of supporting practitioners who conserve and steward natural areas across North America","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"169 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44649128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible and Medicinal Flora of the West Coast","authors":"L. Gardner","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"206 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46208506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird Brother: A Falconer's Journey and the Healing Power of Wildlife","authors":"K. Griggs","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"202 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Ramp Taxa, Allium tricoccum and A. burdickii, Differ in Abiotic Habitat Characteristics and Floristic Associates in Pennsylvania","authors":"Cassie J. Stark, S. Nilson, E. Burkhart","doi":"10.3375/22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/22-30","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The name ramp or wild leek refers to two taxa: Allium tricoccum and A. burdickii. The latter, named narrow-leaf ramp, has historically been recognized as a variety but recently as a distinct species. Habitat differences between these species have been reported, although distribution of A. burdickii in eastern North America is unresolved. A better understanding of A. burdickii habitat will aid population discovery and conservation as A. burdickii is of conservation concern in parts of the United States. Eight populations, four for each species, were identified in southwestern Pennsylvania. The associated flora, soil fertility and moisture, and site characteristics (e.g., topography) were documented. A. tricoccum was associated with northern aspects and higher soil moisture content throughout the growing season whereas A. burdickii was found on a variety of aspects. Soil pH and nutrient content were greater at A. burdickii sites than A. tricoccum sites and suggest the former may rely more heavily on base nutrients such as calcium. The most common overstory tree associate was sugar maple (Acer saccharum) for both species but understory flora differed. Wet-mesic preferring species, including blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) and wood nettle (Laportea canadensis), were associated with A. tricoccum, whereas dry-mesic species, including mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) and false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum), were associated with A. burdickii. Results are consistent with observations that these species may differ in mesoscale habitat conditions due to topographic position and its influence on soil moisture and fertility.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"185 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44364039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editor Details, History, and Wisdom","authors":"","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"147 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48769669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Career in Natural Areas Management","authors":"E. Jacquart, Eric Menges","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"175 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Sites as a Safeguard for Orchid Diversity: A Study in El Tajin, Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"José Luis Alanís-Méndez, Iván Agustín Martínez-Castillo, Juan Viveros-Valencia, Francisco Gabriel Sosa-Constantino, Francisco Limón-Salvador","doi":"10.3375/22-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/22-23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Natural Protected Areas in Mexico help to conserve biodiversity. However, as a megadiverse country, it is necessary to consider other strategies that complement the conservation of species. Archaeological sites in Mexico receive the same level of federal protection as their physical spaces, with different objectives, focused on the safeguarding of culture. El Tajin, a site of archaeological monuments in Veracruz, Mexico, receives protection from the federal government because it is an important historical site. This study was conducted in the archeological zone of El Tajin to determine the diversity of epiphytic orchids and their relationship with their hosts within three different uses of the site. Orchids are probably the largest family of plants; orchids grow and develop by living on other orchids and host plants as well. Three hundred and ninety epiphytic orchids corresponding to five species were found growing on 17 host species. The orchid species with the highest abundance was Lophiaris cosymbephora. Vanilla planifolia, a species in a protected category, was identified. The quadrant with the highest tourist traffic presented the highest abundance and richness of species. Based on our findings, it is important to implement strategies that allow diversity to flourish, particularly the diversity of protected species. This can happen only if these species are cared for. This study supports the idea of considering the archaeological zone as a space for the conservation of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"179 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riverscour Ecosystems of Eastern Unglaciated North America: A Review","authors":"D. Estes, Christopher Tracey, E. Zimmerman, Wesley M. Knapp, James P. Vanderhorst, J. Singhurst, Theo Witsell","doi":"10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-43.3.148","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Riverscour is an eclectic assemblage of highly biodiverse riparian natural communities that share characteristics with grasslands, savannas, glades, wetlands, and floodplains. We define “riverscour” as “open riparian habitats of rocky, stable-substrate (bedrock, boulder, cobble) zones, often along high-gradient streams, where periodic high-energy flows (water, ice, debris) and edaphic factors inhibit woody vegetation and promote persistent grassland-shrubland-open woodland-outcrop communities rich in conservative heliophytes.” A key factor distinguishing riverscour from gravel and sand bars and other floodplain habitats is that these areas are underlain by more stable substrates, which resist structural reworking by floodwaters. Within Eastern Unglaciated North America, we mapped 1322 stream reaches totaling 2385.8 km containing riverscour. Given their small size, these communities support a disproportionately large number of rare, endemic, and undescribed species. For example, within a five-county area in Tennessee, riverscour makes up significantly less than 1% of the area but contributes at least 37 (25%) of the region's 150 state- and federally-listed vascular plant species. There are numerous threats to riverscour, the greatest being inundation caused by impoundment of rivers and associated downstream hydrologic alterations. Interruption of scouring processes associated with flooding and/or ice promotes succession toward larger woody species and away from open herbaceous/shrub-dominated vegetation. Other threats include invasive species, recreation pressure, and climate change. These threats, coupled with high biodiversity and historical losses, make protection and proper management of riverscour ecosystems especially important in conserving the native biodiversity of eastern North America.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"148 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45997497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}