Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science最新文献_第8页

The FRS nomination of Sir Prafulla C. Ray and the correspondence of N. R. Dhar Prafulla C.Ray爵士的FRS提名和N.R.Dhar的信件

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-09-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0030

A. Choudhuri, Rajinder Singh

{"title":"The FRS nomination of Sir Prafulla C. Ray and the correspondence of N. R. Dhar","authors":"A. Choudhuri, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2017.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Prafulla Chandra Ray (1861–1944) was the first Indian chemist to achieve high international reputation. Originally trained at the University of Edinburgh, he worked for many years at Presidency College in Calcutta and then at Calcutta University. He built up a remarkable school of chemical research by attracting many outstanding students to work with him and published about 150 papers—many of them in leading British and German journals. Ray was highly respected by his British peers and was the first Indian of that era to be nominated for FRS, in 1913. At the time when his nomination was being considered by the Royal Society, Ray's favourite student, Nil Ratan Dhar (1892–1986), who was to become the second Indian chemist to achieve high international reputation, worked in London and Paris for a few years. Even when Dhar was merely a 24-year-old student, he lobbied with several leading British chemists for the election of Ray and kept Ray informed in a series of fascinating letters—giving us a rare glimpse of what election to the Royal Society meant for Indian scientists of that era. During this time, Ray received a knighthood for his contributions to chemistry, and Nature published a front-page article on Ray's ‘life-work’. Many British chemists felt strongly that Ray should be elected FRS and were willing to discuss Ray's case with the young Dhar quite openly. But, rather mysteriously, Ray never got elected.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"57 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Russian scientists and the Royal Society of London: 350 years of scientific collaboration 俄罗斯科学家和伦敦皇家学会:350年的科学合作

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-08-30 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0001

E. Kolchinsky, U. Hossfeld, G. Levit

引用次数: 2

Outward bound 拓展训练

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0026

J. Agar

{"title":"Outward bound","authors":"J. Agar","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2017.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Peter Collins, who worked as a policy officer and historian for the Royal Society for 32 years, has written an invaluable, eye-opening account of this premier organization for science, from the Tercentenary of 1960 through to the 350th anniversary of 2010. In doing so he fills a considerable gap in the historical literature. The account is meticulously sourced, drawing on Collins' unparalleled knowledge of the recent archives of the Society, as well as interviews, the memories of colleagues and the material held in external collections. But the volume is more than that. Between 1960 and 2010 the Society was led by 10 scientists—Howard Florey, Patrick Blackett, Alan Hodgkin, Alexander Todd, Andrew Huxley, George Porter, Michael Atiyah, Aaron Klug, Bob May and Martin Rees—but Collins has resisted, rightly, the temptation to organize his account as a chronology of presidents. Instead, his stated aim is ‘to analyse some key features of the Society's approach to promoting science … and thus to uncover something of its identity’ (p. xi). The chapters therefore explore these key themes and features.\u0000\u0000If we step back and look at the most significant changes in the organization's recent history, the most striking is that the Royal Society, through the years since the Second World War, has become more open, more publicly visible and more likely to take action in public than was the case, and this transformation has been partly deliberately sought but also partly thrust reluctantly upon it.\u0000\u0000Collins opens his history with a case in point. In 1945 the Society had to elect a new president. Should the president be chosen solely because he was ‘demonstrably in the very top rank of acknowledged scientific achievement’ or was it the case that, under ‘exceptional circumstances’ (p. 9), other characteristics might be necessary, such as political acuity? The …","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"329 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observation, experiment or autonomy in the domestic sphere? Women's familiar science writing in Britain, 1790–1830 国内领域的观察、实验还是自主？1790–1830年英国女性熟悉的科学写作

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0018

Eleanor Peters

{"title":"Observation, experiment or autonomy in the domestic sphere? Women's familiar science writing in Britain, 1790–1830","authors":"Eleanor Peters","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2016.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines three female writers who chose to affiliate their educational scientific works with the ‘domestic sphere’: Priscilla Wakefield, Jane Marcet and Maria Edgeworth. It shows that within what is now broadly categorized as ‘familiar science’, differing motivations for writing, publishing and reading existed. Between 1790 and 1830 many educationalists claimed that the best way for children to learn was for them to exercise their memory on things encountered in everyday life. Religious allegiances, attitudes towards female science education and the utility of science in the home help to explain why these writers chose to introduce their readers to the illimitable world of science by setting their books in the seemingly restrictive domestic sphere. Furthermore, this paper argues that three different authors envisioned subtly different domestic spheres as settings for their work. Rather than there being a single homogeneous domestic sphere in which women and children received their education, and about which such authors wrote, there existed a multiplicity of domestic spheres depicted across the genre of educational science texts.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"71 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43214664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Athenæum Club, the Royal Society and the reform of dentistry in nineteenth-century Britain: A research report 雅典æum俱乐部、皇家学会与19世纪英国牙科改革:一份研究报告

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2016.0006

M. Bishop

{"title":"The Athenæum Club, the Royal Society and the reform of dentistry in nineteenth-century Britain: A research report","authors":"M. Bishop","doi":"10.1098/RSNR.2016.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSNR.2016.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In 1978 M. J. Peterson examined the role played by the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) in nineteenth-century dental reform, noting the establishment of its Licence in Dental Surgery (LDS) in 1859. In a paper published in Notes and Records in 2010, the present author described the influential role played by Fellows of the Royal Society during the nineteenth-century campaign for dental reform led by Sir John Tomes. Key players in this campaign, including the dentists Samuel Cartwright, Thomas Bell and James Salter, were, as well as being Fellows of the Royal Society, members of the Athenæum Club. The present research report indicates the roles played by those members of the Athenæum Club who were also Fellows of the Royal Society in the scientific and professional reform of nineteenth-century dentistry. Although it does not attempt to document meetings at the Club, it suggests the potential for a symbiotic effect between the Royal Society and the Athenæum. Where the previous paper proposed an active scientific role for the Royal Society in reforming dentistry, this paper presents the Athenæum as a significant extension of the sphere of influence into the cultural realm for those who did enjoy membership of both organizations.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"61 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSNR.2016.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48728725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Who cares about the history of science? 谁会关心科学史?

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2016.0042

Hasok Chang

引用次数: 20

Charles Hutton and the ‘Dissensions’ of 1783–84: scientific networking and its failures 查尔斯·赫顿和1783-84年的“分歧”:科学网络及其失败

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0016

B. Wardhaugh

引用次数: 11

Enlarging the bounds of moral philosophy: Why did Isaac Newton conclude the Opticks the way he did? 扩大道德哲学的范围:为什么艾萨克·牛顿会这样总结《光学》?

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0011

J. Henry

引用次数: 2

John Webster, the Royal Society and The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft (1677) 约翰·韦伯斯特，《皇家学会与假想巫术的展示》(1677年)

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2016.0022

Michael Hunter

引用次数: 3

Robert Le Rossignol, 1884–1976: Engineer of the ‘Haber’ process Robert Le Rossignol，1884–1976：“Haber”工艺工程师

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-01-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0019

D. Sheppard

{"title":"Robert Le Rossignol, 1884–1976: Engineer of the ‘Haber’ process","authors":"D. Sheppard","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2016.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0019","url":null,"abstract":"In March 1908, the BASF at Ludwigshafen provided financial support to Fritz Haber in his attempt to synthesize ammonia from the elements. The process that now famously bears his name was demonstrated to BASF in July 1909. However, its engineer was Haber's private assistant, Robert Le Rossignol, a young British chemist from the Channel Islands with whom Haber made a generous financial arrangement regarding subsequent royalties. Le Rossignol left Haber in August 1909 as BASF began the industrialization of their process, taking a consultancy at the Osram works in Berlin. He was interned briefly during World War I before being released to resume his occupation. His position eventually led to His Majesty's Government formulating a national policy regarding released British internees in Germany. After the war Le Rossignol spent his professional life at the GEC laboratories in the UK, first making fundamental contributions to the development of high-power radio transmitting valves, then later developing smaller valves used as mobile power sources in the airborne radars of World War II. Through his share of Haber's royalties, Le Rossignol became wealthy. In retirement, he and his wife gave their money away to charitable causes.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"263 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43647013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10