Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science最新文献_第7页

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IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0032

引用次数: 0

Experimentation in the agricultural EnlightenmentPlace, profit and norms of knowledge-making in eighteenth-century Germany 农业启蒙的实验——18世纪德国知识创造的场所、利润与规范

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0011

D. Phillips

引用次数: 0

Projects and pedagogical expectations: Inside P. J. Marperger's ‘golden clover leaf’ (Trifolium), 1700–1730 项目和教学期望：P.J.Marperger的“金三叶草”（Trifolium），1700–1730

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0005

K. Whitmer

{"title":"Projects and pedagogical expectations: Inside P. J. Marperger's ‘golden clover leaf’ (Trifolium), 1700–1730","authors":"K. Whitmer","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Many eighteenth-century projectors believed in the potential of pedagogy, including its ability to improve lives and to radically reconfigure the structure of society. Despite an obvious inability to predict how effective their projects would be if implemented, those who managed to gain the support of state leaders very frequently peddled educational reform schemes they expected would generate real improvements, including heightened abilities to apprehend the quality of usefulness. This paper considers the relationship between pedagogy and expectations in a three-part reform project put forward by an early commercial advisor and projector named Paul Jacob Marperger (1656–1730). Keenly aware of the pedagogical dimensions of ongoing efforts to both generate useful knowledge and to cultivate skilled observers and makers of it, Marperger used his project to showcase his commitment to the incremental improvement of society via the creation of new training regimens for young people and adults. The paper studies how he linked his expectations to existing institutions, technologies and ongoing reform efforts, including new teaching methods and materials.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47354049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is a useful university? knowledge economies and higher education in late eighteenth-century Denmark and central Europe 什么是有用的大学?知识经济和高等教育在18世纪晚期的丹麦和中欧

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0006

Dominik Hünniger

{"title":"What is a useful university? knowledge economies and higher education in late eighteenth-century Denmark and central Europe","authors":"Dominik Hünniger","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Universities were an important site of Enlightenment improvement discourse and knowledge economies in the German-speaking lands and Scandinavia. Late eighteenth-century state building and scholars’ expectations of their own ‘usefulness’ regarding these processes were closely intertwined. The life and publications of the German-speaking Danish naturalist Johann Christian Fabricius (1745–1808) are used here to understand contemporary debates on the state of education, political economy and the development of the sciences in relation to ideas about economic and social progress. Fabricius was professor for ‘œconomics, cameral sciences and natural history’ at Kiel University for more than 30 years, from 1775 to 1808, and was one of the most outspoken writers on economic reform in Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark. Fabricius’ suggestions for improvement involved directly addressing social categories as well as the re-organization of universities in form and curricular content. Fabricius was engaged in debates on how to best achieve the specific knowledge and skills considered useful for the emerging nation-state. The essay analyses Fabricius’ interventions in these debates in the context of the contemporary development of the ‘research university’ around 1800.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48274197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Einstein in Oxford 爱因斯坦在牛津

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-05-09 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0002

R. Fox

引用次数: 5

Deprogramming Baconianism: The meaning of desiderata in the eighteenth century 解构培根主义:18世纪欲望的意义

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-04-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0008

Vera Keller

{"title":"Deprogramming Baconianism: The meaning of desiderata in the eighteenth century","authors":"Vera Keller","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The historiographical construct of the ‘Baconian programme’ rose to prominence in the mid-twentieth century. It has since shaped views of Bacon and his followers, particularly concerning Bacon's utilitarianism. It has also set expectations concerning how defined and prescriptive Bacon's vision of the future ought to be for later Baconians. Yet, neither Bacon nor those who claimed to follow him thought of his work in programmatic ways. The early modern view of Bacon's futuristic writing allowed his followers great agency in re-sketching it to fit changing times. This essay first follows the rise of a ‘Baconian programme’ in historiography. It then returns to the past to outline some of the rich vocabulary for future-oriented writing deployed by the first generation of Bacon's self-proclaimed followers. Finally, testing how Bacon's plans appeared over a longer durée, it skips forward to Peter Shaw (1694–1763) and Joseph Priestley (1733–1804). Shaw employed one of Bacon's futuristic terms (desiderata), dropped another (optativa) and developed the significance of a new category (hint). Shaw's case illustrates the creativity that even Bacon's most ardent followers expected to be within their rights. Baconianism invited future redrafting and haphazard invention, rather than adherence to a predictive programme.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Expectations and utility in eighteenth-century knowledge economiesNotes and Records special issue introduction 十八世纪知识经济中的期望与效用

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-04-18 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0004

L. Stewart, K. Whitmer

{"title":"Expectations and utility in eighteenth-century knowledge economiesNotes and Records special issue introduction","authors":"L. Stewart, K. Whitmer","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Creating a sketch, a plan or a model for the future is often closely related to endeavouring to predict what it may yield. It is also a process that stabilizes contemporary portrayals of social realities, including those aspects understood as problems, or in need of improvement. As Sang-Hyun Kim and Sheila Jasanoff have shown in their work on ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’, frequently plans and ‘visions of scientific and technological progress’ act as vehicles for communicating ideas, implicitly and explicitly, about ‘public purposes, collective futures and the common good’ in a particular historical moment.1 Plans and sketchy visions for the future are worthy of study in their own right, even if they are never realized, because of the efforts to organize expectations and to assimilate ideas about what is (and is not) in the ‘public interest’ that they purport to represent.2 Attending to the origins and expectations inducing projects of envisioning the future, that is, attending to ‘dreamscapes’ that may or may not have been realized in the long eighteenth century, is a major task of this special issue. All of the essays take as their starting point that the imagined futures of this period reveal a distinct constellation of agendas, moral imperatives and politics.\u0000\u0000Indeed, the eighteenth century was full of dreamscapes. Their makers routinely devised particular categories and practices to both articulate and, in some cases, to actually build the imagined futures they desired—or claimed to desire. In this period's ‘knowledge economy’, a term now generally associated with the work of economic historian Joel Mokyr, makers of dreamscapes and professional analysts of the future were often called ‘projectors’ or ‘project makers’.3 This particular cadre of ‘dreamscapers’ tended to anchor their visions in sketches, schemes or plans for improvement(s). Mokyr focused on the British context during the dramatic …","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The hydrostatical works of George Sinclair (c.1630–1696): their neglect and criticism 乔治·辛克莱（约1630–1696）的流体静力学作品：忽视与批判

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-04-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0044

A. Craik

引用次数: 4

Robert Sibbald's Scotia Illustrata (1684): A faunal baseline for Britain 罗伯特·西布尔德的《苏格兰》(1684):英国的动物基线

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-04-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0042

L. Raye

引用次数: 1

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-04-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0045

P. Merchant

引用次数: 2