Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science最新文献_第7页

Charles Blagden in revolutionary America: two unpublished letters to John Lloyd 查尔斯·布莱登在革命的美国:两封未发表的写给约翰·劳埃德的信

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2017.0017

P. Frame

引用次数: 0

Censoring Huxley and Wilberforce: A new source for the meeting that the Athenaeum ‘wisely softened down’ 对赫胥黎和威尔伯福斯的审查：雅典“明智地软化了”会议的新来源

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0058

R. England

{"title":"Censoring Huxley and Wilberforce: A new source for the meeting that the Athenaeum ‘wisely softened down’","authors":"R. England","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2016.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0058","url":null,"abstract":"In mid July 1860, the Athenaeum published a summary of the discussions about Charles Darwin's theory that took place at the British Association meeting in Oxford. Its account omitted the famous exchange between Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, and Thomas Huxley, the rising man of science. A fuller report of the meeting was published a week later in a local weekly, the Oxford Chronicle, but this has gone unnoticed by historians. The Oxford Chronicle supplies a new version of Wilberforce's question to Huxley, with more material about religious objections to human evolution and the proper role of authority in popular scientific discussions. Excerpts from the Athenaeum and Oxford Chronicle accounts show that they likely had a common ancestor, and other sources corroborate details given only in the Oxford Chronicle. This discovery reveals that the Athenaeum narrative—until now the longest and best known—was censored to remove material that was considered objectionable. The Oxford Chronicle gives us a fuller story of what was said and how the audience reacted to the encounter between Huxley and Wilberforce.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"371 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41376804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

2016 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar lecture The curious history of curiosity-driven research 2016 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar讲座好奇心驱动研究的好奇历史

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0034

J. Agar

{"title":"2016 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar lecture The curious history of curiosity-driven research","authors":"J. Agar","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2017.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Curiosity has a curious place in the history of science. In the early modern period, curiosity was doubled-edged: it was both a virtue, the spring for a ‘love of truth’, but also the source of human error and even personal corruption. In the twentieth century, curiosity had become an apparently uncomplicated motivation. Successful scientists, for example Nobel Prize winners in their lectures and biographies, frequently attributed their first steps into science to a fundamental curiosity, an irrepressible desire to ask the question ‘why?’. The aside made by Albert Einstein in private correspondence in 1952—‘I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious’—has now become a meme. Yet in the twentieth century, science was shaped by many forces, and the practical utility of science in the real, messy problematic worlds of its formation seem far removed from the seeming innocence of curiosity-driven research. In my lecture and this paper, I ask why scientists say they ask ‘why?’, and trace the curious history of the idea of curiosity-driven science. In particular, I distinguish between a long and short history of curiosity in science, with the latter associated with the term ‘curiosity-driven science’ and the UK administration of Margaret Thatcher.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"409 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The York buildings dragons: Desaguliers, Arbuthnot and attitudes towards the scientific community 约克建筑龙：Desaguliers、Arbuthnot和对科学界的态度

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2017.0019

P. Rogers

引用次数: 1

The evolving spirit: morals and mutualism in Arabella Buckley's evolutionary epic 进化的精神:阿拉贝拉·巴克利进化史诗中的道德与互惠主义

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0056

J. Larsen

{"title":"The evolving spirit: morals and mutualism in Arabella Buckley's evolutionary epic","authors":"J. Larsen","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2016.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0056","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporaries of Charles Darwin were divided on reconciling his theory of natural selection with religion and morality. Although Alfred Russel Wallace stands out as a spiritualist advocate of natural selection who rejected a natural origin of morality, the science popularizer and spiritualist Arabella Buckley (1840–1929) offers a more representative example of how theists, whether spiritualist or more orthodox in their religion, found reconciliation. Unlike Wallace, Buckley emphasized the lawful evolution of morality and of the soul, drawing from the theological tradition of traducianism. Significantly, Buckley argued for a mutualistic and deeply theistic interpretation of Darwinian evolution, particularly the evolution of morals, without sacrificing the uniformity of natural law. Though Buckley's understanding of the evolutionary epic has been represented as emphasizing mutualism (Gates 1998) and spiritualist theology (Lightman 2007), here I demonstrate that her distinctive addition to the debate lies in her unifying theory of traducianism. In contrast to other authors, I argue that through Buckley we better understand Victorian spiritualism as more of a religion than an occult science. However, it was a conception of religion that, through her evolutionary traducianism, bridged science and spiritualism. This offers historians a more complex but satisfying image of the Victorian worldview after Darwin.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"385 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45391789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A riverbank of science 科学的河岸

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2017.0027

Casper Andersen

{"title":"A riverbank of science","authors":"Casper Andersen","doi":"10.1098/RSNR.2017.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSNR.2017.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Bernard Lightman, A companion to the history of science . Wiley Blackwell Companions to World History. Wiley Blackwell, Chichester, 2016. Pp. xvi + 601. £120.00 (hardback). ISBN 978-1-118-62077-9.\u0000\u0000Assembling a one-volume companion to the history of science across ages, scientific disciplines and global space is a particularly daunting task. The editor has approached this challenge in a somewhat unconventional way, as the companion is not organized chronologically or according to disciplines but in four overarching thematic sections devoted to roles, spaces, communication and tools in the history of science.\u0000\u0000The first thematic section explores social roles in the world of science from antiquity to the present. Drawing on the notion of the persona, the contributions in this section analyse a wide range of roles and social identities involved in the study of the natural world, including, for example, the alchemist, the instrument maker and the human experimental subject. This approach provides the reader with a strong sense of the shifting intellectual hierarchies among those who have studied nature through history. Moreover, the section also brings out illuminating contrasts, for example between the natural historian and the natural philosopher, and it historicizes the contested relations between amateurs and professionals.\u0000\u0000The second thematic section analyses the spaces and places that have been central in the study of the natural world and includes public and domestic as well as professional domains. A …","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"431 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSNR.2017.0027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rocks, skulls and materialism: geology and phrenology in late-Georgian Belfast 岩石、头骨和物质主义：格鲁吉亚贝尔法斯特晚期的地质学和颅相学

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-11-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0023

Jonathan Wright, Diarmid A. Finnegan

{"title":"Rocks, skulls and materialism: geology and phrenology in late-Georgian Belfast","authors":"Jonathan Wright, Diarmid A. Finnegan","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2017.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen the development of a more nuanced understanding of the emergence of scientific naturalism in the nineteenth century. It has become apparent that scientific naturalism did not emerge sui generis in the years following the publication of Charles Darwin's On the origin of species (1859), but was present, if only in incipient form, much earlier in the century. Building on recent scholarship, this article adopts a geographically focused approach and explores debates about geology and phrenology—two of the diverse forms of knowledge that contributed to scientific naturalism—in late-Georgian Belfast. Having provided the venue for John Tyndall's infamous 1874 address as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Belfast occupies a central place in the story of nineteenth-century scientific naturalism. However, in uncovering the intricate and surprising ways in which scientific knowledge gained, or was denied, epistemic and civic credibility in Belfast, this discussion will demonstrate that naturalism, materialism and the relationship between science and religion were matters of public debate in the town long before Tyndall's intervention.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"25 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44929593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A shared arena: the private astronomy lecturing trade and its institutional counterpart in Britain, 1817–1865 共享的舞台:1817-1865年，英国的私人天文学讲座贸易及其机构对应物

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-11-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0018

Hsiang-fu Huang

{"title":"A shared arena: the private astronomy lecturing trade and its institutional counterpart in Britain, 1817–1865","authors":"Hsiang-fu Huang","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2017.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Public lecturing on astronomy was prevalent in Britain throughout the first half of the nineteenth century. Many lecturers were private entrepreneurs operating lecturing businesses without institutional affiliations. Private lecturers enjoyed popularity in various places and sites ranging from metropolitan theatres to provincial town halls. By focusing on private lecturers, including Deane Franklin Walker (1778–1865), John Bird (d. 1840) and Robert Children, this paper explores the private astronomy lecturing trade and compares it with public lectures that took place inside scientific institutions. The careers of two London-based institutional lecturers, John Wallis (1788–1852) and George Henry Bachhoffner (1810–1879), are analysed as a comparison. Despite the trend towards institutionalized science, the activities of private astronomy lecturers had not been undermined by institutional competitors until the early 1860s. Astronomy remained largely an amateur practice in early Victorian Britain; public lecturing on astronomy was also far from a profession. Many astronomical lecturers, whether private or institutional, were not scientific practitioners working on original research or observational tasks. Some of their lecturing, and particularly their Lenten astronomical lectures, purveyed a distinctive kind of popular astronomy, which was a blend of instruction, amusement and religious sentiments. They indicate complex features of performance and showmanship beyond simply conveying popularized scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"319 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42566377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pesticides, pollution and the UK's silent spring, 1963–1964: Poison in the Garden of England 农药、污染和英国寂静的春天，1963-1964：英格兰花园里的毒药

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-09-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2016.0040

J. F. M. Clark

{"title":"Pesticides, pollution and the UK's silent spring, 1963–1964: Poison in the Garden of England","authors":"J. F. M. Clark","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2016.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being characterized as ‘one of the worst agricultural accidents in Britain in the 1960s’, the ‘Smarden incident’ has never been subjected to a complete historical analysis. In 1963, a toxic waste spill in Kent coincided with the publication of the British edition of Rachel Carson's Silent spring. This essay argues that these events combined to ‘galvanize’ nascent toxic and environmental consciousness. A seemingly parochial toxic waste incident became part of a national phenomenon. The Smarden incident was considered to be indicative of the toxic hazards that were born of technocracy. It highlighted the inadequacies of existent concepts and practices for dealing with such hazards. As such, it was part of the fracturing of the consensus of progress: it made disagreements in expertise publicly visible. By the completion of the episode, 10 different governmental ministries were involved. Douglas Good, a local veterinary surgeon, helped to effect the ‘reception’ of Silent spring in the UK by telling the ‘Smarden story’ through local and national media and through the publications of anti-statist organizations.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"297 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

War, nature and technoscience 战争、自然和科技

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2017-09-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2017.0032

B. Marsden

引用次数: 0