Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Appetitive traits from childhood to adolescence and cardiometabolic health.","authors":"Alexandra Costa, Rita Pereira, Milton Severo, Marion M Hetherington, Andreia Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between appetitive trait trajectories from age 7 to 13 with cardiometabolic health at age 13 and evaluate the effect of fat mass as a mediating factor.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Participants were 3528 children from the Generation XXI cohort. Appetitive traits were assessed at ages 7,10, and 13 with the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Six appetitive trait trajectory profiles were previously identified: 'Moderate appetite', 'Small to moderate appetite', 'Increasing appetite', 'Avid appetite', 'Smallest appetite', and 'Small appetite but increasing'. At age 13, triglycerides, homeostatic-model assessment-insulin resistance, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) z-scores, and a cluster analysis of these parameters ('More favorable' and 'Less favorable' cardiometabolic profile) were considered. In regression models, the 'Avid appetite' profile, characterized by a strong appetite and interest in food, was associated with higher estimates of all cardiometabolic parameters at age 13 (inverse for HDL-c), compared to the 'Smallest appetite', characterized by a reduced appetite and low interest in food. Fat mass significantly mediated these associations. Individuals in the 'Avid appetite' profile had 12 times higher odds of being classified into the 'Less favorable cardiometabolic profile' (OR = 12.01; 95 %CI: 7.77,18.57) than those in the 'Smallest appetite' profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents exhibited differences in cardiometabolic parameters based on their appetitive trait profiles. A persistent avid appetite was linked to higher cardiometabolic risk, and adiposity had a significant mediating effect. Managing risky appetitive traits during youth may improve future cardiometabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual cholesterol is an independent risk factor for new-onset hyperuricemia: a nationwide cohort study based on a middle-aged and elderly population.","authors":"Junping Zhang, Zejin Hao, Yanmei Ma, Peng Zheng, Lanlan Huang, Jixiong Xu, Jiancheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The relationship between residual cholesterol (RC) and the risk of new-onset hyperuricemia remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the association between degree of RC and new-onset hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed data from 6963 healthy participants enrolled in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Serum lipids were assessed using an enzymatic colorimetric test. RC levels were estimated as total cholesterol (TC) minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The primary outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, defined as a serum uric acid (SUA) concentration ≥417 μmol/L in males or ≥357 μmol/L in females at the exit visit. During a median follow-up of 4 years, 614 (8.8 %) participants developed new-onset hyperuricemia. We observed a significant positive association between RC and new-onset hyperuricemia (per 1-mmol/L increment; odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.40). Participants in tertiles 3 (OR: 1.69, 95 % CI: 1.30-2.19) had notably higher risks of new-onset hyperuricemia compared to those in tertile 1 for RC levels. Additionally, regression analysis also showed a significant positive correlation between RC and SUA levels. For every 1 mmol/L increase in RC, SUA concentrations increased by approximately 35.0 μmol/L (β = 7.23, 95 % CI 4.72-9.75, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this prospective cohort study suggest that higher level of RC is an independent risk factor for new-onset hyperuricemia among Chinese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences of interferon-gamma levels according to burden of coronary atherosclerosis identified by CT coronary angiography.","authors":"Daniel O Bittner, Caroline Roesner, Markus Goeller, Dorette Raaz-Schrauder, Damini Dey, Tobias Kilian, Stephan Achenbach, Mohamed Marwan","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The burden of coronary atherosclerosis differs between men and women. Beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers can influence plaque progression. We analyzed the influence of sex on coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokines.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Coronary CT angiography was performed in 301 patients and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using semi-automated software. We analyzed total (TPV), non-calcified (NCPV), calcified (CPV) and low-density plaque volume in mm³. Serum was analyzed for various cytokines. Out of 301 patients, 94 (31 %) were female and 207 (69 %) were male. Significant differences were seen between women and men respectively for age, BMI and smoking status (all p < 0.05). All plaque types showed significantly higher volumes in men as compared to women (all p < 0.05). In men, significantly lower serum levels for IL-2 (3.2vs.4.3; p = 0.01) and interferon-gamma (3.2vs.8.8; p < 0.001) but higher levels for MCP-1 (224vs.155; p < 0.001) were seen. In regression analysis, interferon-gamma - but not IL-2 or MCP-1 - showed significant inverse association with male sex (OR 0.32; 95 %CI: 0.16-0.67; p = 0.002). Of note, interferon-gamma levels significantly differed according to high and low TPV in men (16.8vs.9.9; p < 0.001) but not in women (14.5vs. 8.9; p = 0.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our cohort of individuals with suspected CAD undergoing coronary CTA, serum levels of interferon-gamma were significantly higher in women, in spite of a lower coronary plaque burden. Higher interferon-gamma levels were associated with higher plaque burden among men, but not in women, which suggests an influence of sex on the role of interferon-gamma in atherogenesis and atherosclerosis progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and incident diabetes among middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from a large prospective cohort in China.","authors":"Yingzhen Gu, Xiaorong Han, Jinxing Liu, Yifan Li, Wei Zhang, Naqiang Lv, Aimin Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The relationship between baseline frailty status, changes in frailty status, and the risk of diabetes onset among older adults remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a prospective and nationally representative cohort. Baseline frailty status was measured by the frailty index (FI) and classified as robust, pre-frail, or frail. Changes in frailty status were assessed by the transitions between non-frailty and frailty at baseline and the second survey within 2-year interval. A total of 11,044 participants were included in the baseline analysis (57.61 years, 49.5 % men), and 7005 participants (56.81 years; 50.3 % men) were included in the analysis of changes in frailty status. Compared with the robust group, the hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes was 1.40 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.64] for the pre-frail group and 2.07 (95 % CI 1.67-2.57) for the frail group. Each 0.1 increase in FI was independently associated with a 30 % higher risk of diabetes. Compared to the stable non-frail group, participants who progressed to frail status had an elevated risk of diabetes (HR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.26-2.35). Conversely, participants who recovered to non-frail status had a decreased risk of diabetes compared to those in the stable frail group (HR 0.46, 95 % CI 0.25-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-frail and frail participants showed elevated risks of diabetes among middle-aged and older adults. Progression of frailty status correlated with increased diabetes risk, while recovery of frailty status was associated with reduced risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NICE waist-to-height ratio guidelines \"to have a waist<0.5 of your height\", are suitable for children but misleading for adolescents.","authors":"Alan M Nevill, Caroline Brand, Ruoling Chen, Michael J Duncan, João F de C Silveira, Ana P Sehn, Cézane P Reuter","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>National Institutes of Clinical Excellence (NICE) \"at-risk\" guidelines (waist-to-height ratio (WC/HT) < 0.5) over penalizes shorter adults and fails to alert taller adults who may be at risk. The aim is to assess whether the \"at-risk\" guidelines recommended by NICE are appropriate for children, by assessing whether their WCs increase in proportion to their height, thus obeying the principle of \"geometric similarity.\".</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Cross-sectional study including 11018 participants aged 7-17 years. We assessed whether the children's waist circumferences (WC) increased in proportion to their heights (HT) using the allometric power law, WC = a.HT^b. We also cross-tabulated children (7-13 yrs) and adolescents (14-17 yrs) by height categories (short<145 cm, average 145-175 cm, and tall>0.175 cm) to identify whether taller or shorter individuals were equally \"at-risk\" (WHTR>0.5). The power law identified children's height exponents was approximately 1 (geometrically similar), but older adolescents' height exponents were approximately 0.5. We also identified that the frequency of children \"at-risk\" was evenly spread across the 3 height groups. In contrast, shorter adolescents were more frequently \"at-risk\" compared with their taller peers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NICE guidelines (WC/HT < 0.5) are suitable for, and fairly classify children (aged 7-12 years) \"at-risk\" irrespective of their height. In contrast, shorter adolescents are consistently more likely to be unfairly classified as \"at-risk\" compared with taller adolescents, i.e., NICE guidelines (WC/HT < 0.5) will unfairly classify many adolescents as being \"at-risk\", with shorter adolescents being consistently over-penalized compared with their taller peers who may well be lulled into a false sense of security.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) and aortic stenosis: Practical insights.","authors":"Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Konstantinos G Kyriakoulis, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, Eirini Beneki, Vasileios Kamperidis, Anastasios Kollias, Edina Cenko, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Konstantina Aggeli, Konstantinos Tsioufis","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The role of Lp(a) in cardiovascular diseases is increasingly recognized, with high Lp(a) levels shown to be associated with worse outcomes. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature and the current research status regarding AS and Lp(a) with a comprehensive approach, in order to inform basic and clinical scientists with the most up-to-date data and insights.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Lp(a) is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS), with the interplay between AS and Lp(a) being documented in observational studies and a causal association being proposed based on genetic studies. Patients with AS have generally higher levels of Lp(a) and increased Lp(a) levels are associated with higher risk of AS development. The above observations offer opportunities for further research, mainly regarding potential therapeutic implications, particularly considering the Lp(a)-specific lowering therapies that are awaited to influence the prevention and treatment strategies for AS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased Lp(a) levels can be predictive of the presence, development and progression of AS, as well as could offer novel insights in the pathophysiology of bioprosthetic valve function. Further research, focusing on Lp(a)-lowering agents, is key in order to identify any benefit in such patient phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy intake, body mass index and functional capacity of patients in a cardiovascular rehabilitation program.","authors":"Mariana da Silveira Quaresma, Tábata Monaliza Marcelino Martins, Luciana de Abreu Silva, Tatiane Moreira Alves Garcia, Maria Izabel de Castro Magalhães Fortes, Adriane Moreira Machado, Rackel Aguiar Mendes de Oliveira, Danielle Aparecida Gomes Pereira, Camila Kümmel Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) impact individuals' quality of life, mainly due to their effects on functional capacity. Nutritional interventions are crucial for enhancing functional capacity in patients undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program. The energy consumption of patients with CVD warrants careful attention, particularly with regard to the quality of this energy, to prevent worsening CVD or developing other metabolic complications. This study hypothesizes that energy intake could impact, positively or negatively, depending on the amount, the functional capacity of patients with CVD. This research aims evaluate the relationship between total energy intake, as primary goal, and macronutrient energy intake, as secondary goal, and functional capacity outcomes in patients starting in a CR program.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study conducted with patients starting a CR program. Food consumption was assessed using food records and the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) was used to assess functional capacity. A total of 116 patients were eligible for this study and 49 (42.2 %) were female, and the mean age was 59.4 (±12.2) years. The average walking distance in the ISWT was 289.41 (±138.45) meters, and the median distance for each heart rate increment was 8.93 (6.56-13.54) meters. It was observed that patients who walked more than the average in the ISWT consumed more calories (29.31 ± 8.35 kcal/kg/day) with no difference in macronutrient consumption, compared to those who walked fewer meters (23.87 ± 11.83 kcal/kg/day). Linear regression confirmed the association of caloric intake with walking distance even after adjustment for confounding variables such as sex and age, but it lost significance when adjusted for the participants' body mass index. However, when calories per kg of ideal body weight was used in the analysis, the association was missed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study demonstrate that caloric intake could be associated with the functional capacity of patients with CVD, however this association is body weight depending. Individuals with lower BMI performed better in the ISWT than those with higher BMI. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the relationship between diet composition and the functional capacity of individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is low heart rate variability associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction in children with obesity? A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Thallyta Alanna Ferreira Viana das Neves, Rúbia Cartaxo Squizato de Moraes, Davyson Barbosa Duarte, Joicy Karla Grangeiro Pereira, Paulo César Trindade da Costa, Cristiane Cosmo Silva-Luis, Francisco Antônio de Oliveira Júnior, Joelma Rodrigues de Souza, José Luiz de Brito Alves, Vinícius José Baccin Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Children with obesity have impaired cardiac function and increased risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. We investigated children with obesity and low heart rate variability (HRV) in terms of anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, food addiction (FA), and blood pressure, comparing them with those who have normal heart rate variability.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Children aged 7-11 years, of both sexes, were divided into groups: the control group (CG, n = 34) comprised children with normal weight and normal heart rate variability; obesity plus normal heart rate variability (ONHRV, n = 51); and obesity plus low heart rate variability (OLHRV, n = 39). Anthropometric, biochemical parameters, HRV, blood pressure, and FA were measured. The OLHRV group showed higher weight (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), insulin resistance (p < 0.001), and lower RMSSD (p < 0.001) compared to ONHRV and CG. The prevalence of FA did not differ among the groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that the OLHRV group had a greater impact on insulin resistance (Beta 0.662, p < 0.001) than ONHRV (Beta 0.435, p < 0.001). Both groups explained systolic blood pressure (OLHRV, Beta 0.440, p < 0.001; ONHRV, Beta 0.434, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with obesity plus low heart rate variability showed poor anthropometric indicators, increased insulin resistance, and an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system with low parasympathetic modulation. These findings suggest that the severity of obesity in children is associated with lower HRV and lower HRV plus obesity is an important predictor of insulin resistance and increased blood pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"The time-averaged serum uric acid can better predict the prognosis of IgA nephropathy\".","authors":"Carmen Gallicchio, Michele Melena, Claudio Ferri, Rosario Cianci, Antonietta Gigante","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific effects of adiponectin on AdipoR1/R2 in macrophages from individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.","authors":"Ioanna Gianopoulos, Stella S Daskalopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are key innate immune cells involved in all stages of atherosclerosis. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory hormone that modulates macrophage functions by interacting with adiponectin receptor (AdipoR)1 and AdipoR2. However, sex-specific AdipoR patterns in macrophages among people at risk for atherosclerosis have not been investigated. We evaluated the effects of adiponectin in MDMs on AdipoR1/R2 gene expression and inflammatory responses between males and females with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and without atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Our proof-of-concept cross-sectional study included males and females who had two or more CV risk factors without overt atherosclerosis. Blood samples were collected to isolate serum and CD14⁺ monocytes, which were differentiated into macrophages and cultured with adiponectin. MDMs and media were collected to assess AdipoR1/R2 gene expression and inflammatory profiles, respectively. Adiponectin-cultured MDMs from males (n = 6) did not alter AdipoR1 mRNA levels, but decreased AdipoR2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α mRNA; in females (n = 7), AdipoR1 mRNA was increased, while AdipoR2 and PPAR-α remained unchanged compared to control MDMs. In both males and females, adiponectin induced the release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 from MDMs, in addition to MCP-1, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-12p40 in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adiponectin-cultured MDMs from males reduced AdipoR2-PPAR-α signaling and produced a heterogenous inflammatory profile. In contrast, adiponectin-cultured MDMs from females increased AdipoR1 gene expression and did not alter AdipoR2-PPAR-α signaling. This suggests that early interventions via an AdipoR2-targeted approach may benefit the CV health of males at risk for atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}