Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Intensified lipid-lowering strategies and their effect on atherogenic and metabolic markers in coronary artery disease: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Lei Bao, Zhi-Fan Li, Xiao-Ning Liu, Zheng Yin, Xi Li, Meng-Ying Lu, Wen-Jia Zhang, Fang Luo, Yan-Lu Xu, Jian-Jun Li, Ke-Fei Dou, Xiao Wang, Hong Qiu, Na-Qiong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>To evaluate the effects of varying lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) strategies on lipid profiles and insulin resistance (IR) biomarkers in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This prospective observational study enrolled 1391 CAD patients receiving monotherapy (statin or ezetimibe), dual therapy (statin + ezetimibe), or triple therapy (dual + PCSK9 inhibitor) at discharge. After a median 1-year follow-up, attainment rates and changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), remnant cholesterol (RC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were assessed. Linear regression evaluated associations between LLT intensity and biomarker percent change, with subgroup and interaction analyses exploring effect modification by baseline characteristics. Triple therapy achieved the largest reductions in LDL-C (-62.9%), non-HDL-C (-57.5%), ApoB (-56.1%), RC (-45.1%), and TyG (-7.1%), followed by dual therapy. Higher LLT intensity was independently associated with greater reductions in LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TC, with triple therapy outperforming dual therapy. Greater TyG reduction with triple therapy was significant in unadjusted but not adjusted analyses. In the triple therapy group, goal attainment of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, ApoB, and RC improved significantly from baseline (all P < 0.01). BMI significantly modified lipid-lowering effects, with greater LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TC reductions in non-overweight/obese than in overweight/obese patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Triple LLT was associated with more comprehensive control of atherogenic lipid markers, with a similar trend for IR markers. Notably, stratified intensification of LLT may support individualized risk-factor management in CAD, although cardiovascular outcome benefits require further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns, blood pressure and proteinuria in West Africans with chronic kidney disease. Analysis from a West African CKD cohort: the Diet, Chronic Kidney Disease and Apolipoprotein L1 (DCA) Study.","authors":"Edward Kwakyi, Runqi Zhao, Jessica Slear, Yemi R Raji, Adaobi Solarin, Christiana O Amira, Mamven Manmak, Rotimi Braimoh, Theophilus Umeizudike, Bolanle A Omotoso, NannaR Ripiye, Ernestina Eduful, Bola Fatima Olokode, Tolulope Oluwadare, Tolulope Adebile, Chinwuba Ijoma, Amisu A Mumuni, Ifeoma Ulasi, Fatiu Arogundade, Babatunde L Salako, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Rulan S Parekh, Josée Dupuis, Diane Mitchel, Dwomoa Adu, Akinlolu Ojo, Sushrut S Waikar, Cheryl A M Anderson, Titilayo O Ilori","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The associations of dietary patterns with blood pressure (BP) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in sub-Saharan Africa remains uncharacterized. We examined population-specific dietary patterns and their associations with BP and proteinuria in West Africans with CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In a cross-sectional analysis of the Diet, CKD and APOL1 (DCA) study, dietary data from 713 participants were analyzed. Five dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis: Processed Cereals and Soups & Sauces; Poultry and Vegetable & Seed Oils; Processed Meat and Seasoning & Spices; Poultry and Seafood; and Processed Cereals, Pulses, and Grains. Mixed-effect linear regression models estimated associations of consumption quartiles with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and 24-hour urine protein. Mean age was 49 ± 18 years; mean SBP and DBP were 131 ± 22 mmHg and 80 ± 14 mmHg, respectively. The Poultry and Vegetable & Seed Oils Dietary Pattern was associated with higher DBP (Q3: β = 3.39 mmHg [0.59 to 6.22]; Q4: β = 3.93 mmHg [1.07 to 6.85], p for trend = 0.003). Processed Meat and Seasoning & Spices Dietary Pattern was associated with higher proteinuria (Q3: GMR = 1.40 [1.09 to 1.85]; Q4: GMR = 1.32 [1.03 to 1.74], p for trend = 0.01). The remaining patterns showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary patterns featuring processed meats, seasonings, and refined oils may worsen CKD risk profiles in West Africans. We need prospective studies and randomized trials investigating African diets and their impact on BP and proteinuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of magnesium supplementation on liver enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.","authors":"Angélica Paulina Leyva-Velázquez, Valeria Reyes-Avitia, Luis E Simental-Mendía","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Several studies have explored the effect of magnesium supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters, showing benefits in reducing inflammatory markers and lipid parameters. However, the evidence from clinical trials about its direct impact on liver function is limited. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of clinical trials to evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on liver enzymes in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The protocol was previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261334071). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for eligible studies. A restricted maximum likelihood model with Hartung-Knapp adjustment was used to estimate the pooled effect size. The impact of each study on the overall effect size was determined through the leave-one-out method. The meta-analysis of seven clinical trials demonstrated that magnesium supplementation significantly decrease alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -4.76 U/L, 95% CI: -9.48, -0.04, p = 0.04, I² = 86%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: -6.28 U/L, 95% CI: -12.15, -0.41, p = 0.03, I² = 97%). Otherwise, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (WMD: 28.03 U/L, 95% CI: -613.29, 669.35, p = 0.67, I² = 78%) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (WMD: 9.99 U/L, 95% CI: -5.78, 25.76, p = 0.07, I² = 0%) were not affected after magnesium administration. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis was robust for ALT, AST, and ALP, except for GGT where the effect size was sensitive to one study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present meta-analysis suggest that magnesium supplementation reduces ALT and AST levels in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein quality and increased epicardial fat volume in non-diabetic normolipidemic individuals with obesity normalize after bariatric surgery.","authors":"José Rives, Nuria Puig, Aya El Allam Kanice, David Viladés, Sonia Fernández-Ananin, Idoia Genua, Álvaro García-Osuna, Mercedes Camacho, Sonia Benitez, Antonio Pérez, Inka Miñambres, José Luis Sánchez-Quesada","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Even in the absence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, individuals with obesity have increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). Increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, common in obesity, contributes to CVR. However, it is not known whether these individuals with obesity show early qualitative alterations in lipoproteins related to increased EAT volume and CVR. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between EAT and the qualitative properties of lipoproteins in normolipidemic and normoglycemic individuals with obesity, and the effect of bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The study included 13 individuals with obesity (OB group) before and after bariatric surgery, and 13 healthy controls (HC group). Cardiac computed tomography showed that EAT volume was higher in OB than in HC, and decreased after surgery. Biochemical, inflammatory and lipid plasma profiles were assessed using standard methods. Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and 34 variables of lipoprotein composition and function were determined. Lipoproteins in the OB group showed larger VLDL size, increased evidence of LDL modification, and smaller HDL particles compared with the HC group. Surgery normalized most of these alterations. Multivariable lineal regression analysis showed that EAT volume are closely associated with the adiponectin/leptin ratio, and several parameters related with abnormal VLDL and HDL size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite normolipidemia and normoglycemia, individuals with obesity exhibit early qualitative alterations in lipoproteins associated with EAT volume. These alterations are largely reversible after bariatric surgery, supporting the role of EAT and lipoprotein qualitative properties as early markers of CVR in metabolically healthy obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular and renal protection of SGLT2i in early-stage type 2 diabetes: the DIAB-CV-AP study.","authors":"Jorge Pablo-Ortega, Manuel Portela-Romero, Pilar Mazón-Ramos, Antonio Segura-Fragoso, Daniel Rey-Aldana, Jose R González-Juanatey, Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>SGLT2i showed in clinical trials renal and cardiovascular (CV) benefit. To analyse the prevention effect of SGLT2i on CV and renal events in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requiring intensification beyond metformin monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Retrospective cohort study using BIFAP, the primary care database of the Spanish National Health System. Patients with T2DM receiving metformin who initiated a second non-insulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) between January 2014 and December 2019 were classified as SGLT2i users or other NIAD users. CV events included myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and heart failure. Renal events were defined as deterioration of eGFR ≥40%, increase in ACR ≥30%, end-stage renal disease (eGFR <15 mL/min), or renal death. Propensity score matching was applied to minimize confounding by indication. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals. E-values were calculated to assess robustness to unmeasured confounding. After matching, 11,746 patients were analyzed (5873 per group). SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk of renal events (HR 0.303 [0.227-0.403], p < 0.001; E-value 6.06, lower CI bound 4.40), CV events (HR 0.702 [0.627-0.814], p < 0.001; E-value 2.20, lower CI bound 1.76), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.285 [0.224-0.363], p < 0.001; E-value 6.48, lower CI bound 4.95). No increase in adverse events was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In primary care patients with early-stage T2DM requiring intensification beyond metformin, SGLT2i was associated with substantial reductions in cardiovascular events, renal progression, and all-cause mortality, with robust E-values supporting these findings against unmeasured confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential type 2 diabetes risk and weight-loss associations across MASLD genetic susceptibility patterns.","authors":"Chang He, Xinyu Zhang, Yueqin Chen, Cong Liu, Genhong Yao, Zhi Zheng, Zhenggao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is heterogeneous, but whether hepatic and systemic genetic susceptibility patterns differ in their associations with type 2 diabetes (T2D), vascular complications, and longitudinal weight change remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The source population included 502,536 UK Biobank participants. Eligible participants without diabetes at baseline were followed through 2022. Hepatic and systemic MASLD genetic susceptibility was quantified using previously developed partitioned polygenic risk scores (PRSs). Cox models assessed incident T2D; vascular outcomes and weight change were evaluated using risk ratios and penalized splines. After adjustment for basic covariates, hepatic genetic susceptibility was associated with incident T2D (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.58-2.56), whereas the systemic association was weaker (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.35). Following additional adjustment for HbA1c and triglycerides, the association remained significant for the hepatic PRS (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.76-2.86) but not for the systemic PRS (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.11). Observed weight decreases were associated with lower T2D risk in both genetic-risk groups, with a numerically stronger association in the high hepatic PRS group. Vascular outcome differences were small and absent among participants with established diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hepatic and systemic MASLD genetic susceptibility patterns showed heterogeneous associations with incident T2D, vascular outcomes, and longitudinal weight change. These findings support biological heterogeneity in MASLD-related genetic pathways and warrant further evaluation of their potential relevance for risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin use and LDL cholesterol target attainment in people with HIV after European AIDS Clinical Society 2024 guideline updates.","authors":"Giorgia Carrozzo, Beatrice Caloni, Letizia Oreni, Giacomo Pozza, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Davide Moschese, Valentina Iannone, Maddalena Matone, Valeria Colombo, Andrea Poloni, Stefania Caronni, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Cristina Gervasoni, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Spinello Antinori, Agostino Riva, Andrea Gori, Andrea Giacomelli","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The 2024 EACS guidelines introduced stricter LDL-C targets, emphasizing lipid management in people with HIV (PWH). We aimed to assess changes in statin prescription following the guideline update.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study compared PWH aged ≥40 years attending follow-up visits between April 2023-April 2024 (Period 1) and April 2024-April 2025 (Period 2). Lipid-lowering therapy use and LDL-C target attainment were evaluated according to 2024 EACS criteria. A total of 1379 individuals were included in Period 1 and 1191 in Period 2. Median LDL-C decreased from 116 mg/dL (IQR 92-139) to 111 mg/dL (IQR 84-137). Statin use increased from 38% to 49% (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.37-1.58; p < 0.0001), with greater use of statin-ezetimibe combination therapy (9% vs 19%, p < 0.0001). LDL-C target attainment remained low (8% vs 10%). In multivariable analysis, individuals of African (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.72; p = 0.003) and Hispanic (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.62; p < 0.001) origin had lower odds of receiving statins compared with Caucasians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Statin prescription increased after the 2024 guideline update, but LDL-C target attainment remained poor, suggesting incomplete implementation of guideline-recommended lipid management in routine HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep parameters associated with cardiometabolic health in older women: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Daniel Sibley, Elia Rishis, Sarah Neil-Sztramko, Barbara de Barros Gonze, Alexa Govette, Alexandra Dojutrek, Stephanie Small, Olivia Lee, Rebecca Christensen, Catherine Sabiston, Jenna Gillen, Amy A Kirkham","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Sleep health disturbances have been shown to increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. As women age, they experience elevated cardiometabolic risk. The purpose of this study was to examine i) if \"good\" and \"poor\" sleepers differed in cardiometabolic risk and ii) which sleep parameters were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Women aged 50+ with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, or moderate-high risk for diabetes were recruited. Indices of sleep quantity and quality were measured using the Fitbit Inspire 2 worn continuously for 3-7 days. Good sleepers were categorized as having an average sleep duration of 7-9 h and sleep efficiency ≥80%. Poor sleepers did not meet these criteria. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Metabolic Z-score (MetS), Cardiometabolic Risk Score and Framingham Risk Score were calculated from measured variables (e.g., blood pressure). All analyses used multiple linear regression adjusted for age, ethnicity, income, physical activity, diet quality, and alcohol consumption. 183 participants enrolled and 168 were included in the analyses. The average age of participants was 60 years (±6), and most were peri/postmenopausal (86%). Differences in cardiometabolic risk factors between good and poor sleepers were not statically different (p > 0.05). Greater sleep duration variability (β = 0.043, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.07; p < 0.001) and wake time variability (β = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.05; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep variability is associated with cardiometabolic risk among older women. Improving sleep consistency may promote cardiometabolic health.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The parent trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05454943.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of timing of meal intake on glucose metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies.","authors":"Romy Slebe, Eva Wenker, Linda J Schoonmade, Denis P Blondin, David J T Campbell, André C Carpentier, Jean-Pierre Després, Joris Hoeks, Andries Kalsbeek, Parminder Raina, Patrick Schrauwen, Mireille J Serlie, Dirk Jan Stenvers, Chun-Xia Yi, Renée de Mutsert, Joline W J Beulens, Femke Rutters","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarize the effect of the timing of meal intake on glycaemic outcomes in human intervention studies.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Medline and Embase.com were searched for intervention studies in the adult population directly comparing the timing of meal intake on glycaemic outcomes. Results were meta-analysed in random-effects models or qualitatively described using vote counting. Of 55,569 publications screened, 44 studies were included. Study duration was up to one week (n = 37) or 2-12 weeks (n = 7). Shorter studies demonstrated that early meal timing, compared to late meal timing, significantly lowers postprandial 2-h glucose (-1.51 [-2.03, -0.99] mmol/L, I² = 79%) and postprandial peak glucose (-1.03 [-1.63, -0.44] mmol/L, I² = 61%). Mean glucose over 24-h, largest glucose peak over 24-h, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and postprandial 2-h insulin also showed the same direction, albeit not significant. In longer studies, fasting glucose seemed lower in early meal timing (-0.05 [-0.13, 0.02] mmol/L, I² = 27%). Conversely, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR showed no differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis shows physiological plausibility that early meal intake may be beneficial for glycaemic control, compared to late meal intake. However, this is only seen in studies with a duration of up to one week. Moreover, the high heterogeneity between study designs, interventions, and methods precludes definite conclusions and clinical recommendations. Larger and longer trials, that control for total energy intake, weight loss, and rhythms of other Zeitgebers, are needed before chrono-nutrition principles can be translated into clinical dietary guidelines for glycaemic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined triglyceride-glucose index and body mass index for early cardiovascular risk stratification in adults under 45: Findings from the Kailuan cohort.","authors":"Shuaiya Wang, Honghong He, Qian Liu, Tong Zhou, Yifan Wang, Nandi Liu, Dantong Wang, Yuntao Wu, Shuohua Chen, Changhao Zu, Lihua Chen, Kai Cui, Haiyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Early-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults aged<45 years represents an increasing global health challenge. We aimed to evaluate the potential effects of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and body mass index (BMI) on CVD risk in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed 65,291 CVD-free adults aged 18-44 years from the Kailuan Cohort (2006-2018). Participants were categorized by BMI (normal:<24 kg/m²; overweight:24-<28 kg/m²; obesity: ≥28 kg/m²) and TyG index (<8.45 vs ≥ 8.45). Cox proportional hazards models, interaction analyses, and ROC curves were applied. Over a median 7.2 years, 566 CVD events occurred. Obesity was associated with higher CVD risk regardless of TyG (obesity + TyG <8.45: HR = 1.55; 95%CI = 1.03-2.34; obesity + TyG ≥8.45: HR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.23-2.18). Overweight participants showed increased risk only when TyG ≥8.45 (HR = 1.37; 95%CI = 1.05-1.79), whereas metabolically healthy overweight individuals (TyG <8.45) had no excess risk. Normal-weight participants with high TyG did not exhibit a significant risk increase (HR = 1.13; 95%CI = 0.84-1.53). No significant additive or multiplicative interaction between BMI and TyG was observed. Predictive performance improved when both measures were combined (0.623) compared with BMI (0.587) or TyG (0.601) alone (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined assessment of TyG and BMI may facilitate early risk stratification and enhance risk awareness for CVD in adults aged<45 years. Obesity remains a high-risk phenotype regardless of metabolic status, whereas overweight confers increased risk only in metabolic dysfunction. This integrated approach supports a tiered prevention strategy: prioritizing weight management in obesity, targeting metabolic dysfunction in overweight individuals, and monitoring normal-weight individuals with elevated TyG for long-term risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}