{"title":"Evaluation of Functional Capacity and Pulmonary Functions in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Irmak Çavuşoğlu, Elif Esma Safran, Sevgi Yavuz","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. This study evaluates functional and pulmonary capacity in pediatric patients with CKD stages 1 to 5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 30 pediatric CKD patients (stages 1-5) from December 2019 to February 2021 were analyzed. Functional capacity was assessed with the 6-minute walk test and spirometry measured pulmonary function. Data on body mass index z scores, height z scores, and CKD etiology (congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, glomerulonephritis, or others) were included. Correlation and regression analyses evaluated relationships between CKD severity, pulmonary function, and functional capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional capacity worsened with CKD progression, with stage 5 patients showing the lowest 6-minute walk test distances (384 [71] m). Pulmonary function tests revealed lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow values compared with healthy peers (P = .04, P < .001). Restrictive patterns were observed in early CKD, with obstructive changes in advanced stages. Positive correlations were noted between 6-minute walk test and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (r = .42) and peak expiratory flow (r = .48). Height z score emerged as an independent predictor of pulmonary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CKD progressively impairs functional and pulmonary capacity in children, especially in advanced stages. These findings underline the importance of comprehensive care focusing on physical and respiratory health. Prospective studies are needed to validate these results and develop targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanhua Zhao, Sha Hu, Xi Yang, Haoyu Wang, Jiachen Miao, Naichun Gao, Ying Gao, Eero A Haapala
{"title":"Association Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents.","authors":"Hanhua Zhao, Sha Hu, Xi Yang, Haoyu Wang, Jiachen Miao, Naichun Gao, Ying Gao, Eero A Haapala","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence-based 24-hour movement guidelines have been developed to integrate recommendations for time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time (ST), and sleep. This study investigated the adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and explored the relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional findings are based on 1774 adolescents (49.1% female) aged 13-16 years from the Shenyang region of China. MVPA, ST, and sleep duration were self-reported using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, an ST questionnaire, and a wake-sleep time questionnaire. HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, which encompasses physical, psychosocial, and total HRQoL. Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines was classified by meeting general (eg, none, 1, 2, and 3 guidelines) and specific combinations (eg, MVPA and ST guidelines) within the 3 recommendations. Associations were examined using general linear models adjusted for age, sex, and parents' education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5.1% of the sample met all three 24-hour movement guidelines. Additionally, compared with meeting no guideline, meeting all 3 guidelines was associated with better physical (β = 5.37; 95% CI, 0.69-9.49; P = .005), psychosocial (β = 3.76; 95% CI, 0.84-6.68; P = .012), and total HRQoL (β = 4.16; 95% CI, 1.35-6.98; P = .004). Compared with not meeting the specific combination guidelines, meeting MVPA and ST was associated with better physical HRQoL (β = 5.52; 95% CI, 1.30-9.74; P = .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These cross-sectional findings suggest that meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines were associated with better HRQoL in adolescents. Since a low proportion of this sample was meeting the overall guidelines, future effort should encourage, and perhaps improve adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jo Cossington, Shelly Coe, Liana Nagy, Thomas Mitaras, Helen Dawes
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Physical Activity and Nutrition Interventions for Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy to Improve Physical Health and Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jo Cossington, Shelly Coe, Liana Nagy, Thomas Mitaras, Helen Dawes","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Using systematic review methodology, we set out to describe the evidence for physical activity and nutrition interventions for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) as compared with no intervention or exposure that reports physical health and cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Quantitative, primary studies that explored the effectiveness of these interventions, replicable in school and home contexts, in comparison to any other or no intervention or exposure in children and adolescents between the ages of 6-18 years old with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy were included (PROSPERO CRD42022322143). Risk of bias was assessed by Joanna Briggs Institute and QualSyst.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 international heterogeneous studies (13 physical activity and 3 nutrition) with interventions ranging from a single exposure to 8 months, with quality 58% to 89% and effectiveness, D = 0.03 to 0.97, were included. Outcome measures were varied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review brings together a number of high-quality studies on physical activity and nutrition interventions and promising findings of impact on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive outcomes. Evidence supports implementation of these interventions in community contexts. Future research would benefit from agreement on the use of core outcome measures for meta-synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical Exercise Time and Depression Among Adolescents: A Nonlinear Dose-Response Association.","authors":"Meng-Wei Ge, Lu-Ting Shen, Fei-Hong Hu, Yi-Jie Jia, Wen Tang, Wan-Qing Zhang, Hong-Lin Chen, De-Jun Yu","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although physical exercise has been proven to yield beneficial outcomes for individual health, the dose-response association between physical exercise time and depression among adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between exercise time and depression among adolescents, as well as the dose-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between physical exercise time and depression among adolescents. The model controlled for age, ethnicity, economic status, parental relationship, divorce, being an only child, and sleep time. A restricted cubic spline model was used to examine the nonlinear dose-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between adolescents' physical exercise time and depression (P = .014). Both insufficient exercise (odds ratios = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.98-1.65; P = .072) and excessive level (odds ratios = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.03-4.47; P = .041) showed positive associations with depression. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that appropriate exercise (2.0-9.5 h/wk) may prevent depression, while excessive exercise (>9.5 h/wk) may exacerbate it (P-nonlinear < .001, P-overall < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low physical exercise time is associated with higher risk for depressive symptoms in adolescents, whereas excessive exercise is also associated with higher risk of depression, particularly in boys. The findings of this study underscore the importance of adolescents increasing their physical exercise time, but also maintaining a balance to avoid excessive exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Electromyographic Latencies of the Lower Limb Muscles in Standing Sprint Initiation in Boys During Childhood and Adolescence.","authors":"Mizuki Kitamura, Tadao Isaka, Mitsuo Otsuka","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of our study was to investigate age-related differences in childhood and adolescent boys' performance, including initial reaction time and electromyographic (EMG) latencies of leg muscles during sprint start.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six Japanese boys, aged 5-19 years, participated in this study. The participants performed 5 consecutive 2-m sprints, starting with the boys' preferred split-stance starting posture. Ground reaction force data of the front and rear feet and surface EMG data of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles in both legs of all participants were measured using a wireless EMG system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As chronological age increased, the initial reaction time was largely shortened until the breakpoint age of 8.6 years and was moderately shortened thereafter. The EMG latencies of the posterior thigh and shank muscles of the rear leg were also shortened largely long before reaching the adolescence; in contrast, those of the front leg muscles were largely shortened until adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reaction behavior with complex whole-body motion may develop long before the onset of adolescence. In particular, adjusting the rear leg motion may contribute to the rapid development of whole-body reaction maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Increasing Levels of Obesity on Functional Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children.","authors":"Youssef E Ahmed, Jeremy Wadowski, Sarita Dhuper","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2022-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the impact of increasing severity of childhood obesity on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing data from patients <21 years of age was performed. Patients were categorized by body mass index percentile into 4 classes. CRF was assessed and compared between groups by relative peak VO2 and metabolic equivalents achieved at limit of tolerance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 204 patients were included in the study. Significantly lower relative peak VO2 and metabolic equivalents and higher adjusted peak VO2 were achieved with increasing obesity. Resting and recovery heart rates (HRs) were significantly higher in Class III compared with the nonobese patients (P = .001 and .003, respectively). Class III patients had a significantly greater HR at anaerobic threshold relative to maximum HR achieved compared with the nonobese patients (P = .002). There was no significant difference between groups in the rating of perceived exertion at peak exercise, peak O2 pulse, or maximum HR achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion(s): </strong>Our study has shown that CRF worsens with increasing levels of obesity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing can be used as an objective measure to assess CRF as a target for intervention in childhood obesity for pediatricians. Improvement in fitness is an achievable outcome, which also translates into improved cardiometabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie J Morris, Jon L Oliver, John M Radnor, Mark Hill, G Gregory Haff, Rhodri S Lloyd
{"title":"The Influence of Relative Age and Biological Maturity on Youth Weightlifting Performance.","authors":"Stephanie J Morris, Jon L Oliver, John M Radnor, Mark Hill, G Gregory Haff, Rhodri S Lloyd","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Relative age effects and biological maturation are common biases within youth talent identification and development programs; however, their respective influence on youth weightlifting is unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Skeletal age, determined from ultrasonography, and competitive total loads (kg) were collected in 49 national age group weightlifters (boys: n = 24, age = 13.8 [2.4] y; girls: n = 25, age = 13.2 [2.4] y). The discrepancy score between skeletal age and chronological age was used to determine maturity timing, and participants' birth dates were classified into birth quartiles to examine relative age effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chi-square analysis (χ2) showed that birth quartile distributions across the age groups were not significantly different from national norms; however, maturity biases were evident, with significantly more \"early maturers\" and significantly fewer \"on time maturers\" than expected (P < .05). Regression analyses indicated that a large amount of variance in weightlifting performance (ie, absolute combined total) could be explained by skeletal age in both boys (R2 = .73) and girls (R2 = .75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biological maturation influences selection into weightlifting talent pathways to a greater extent than relative age. Maturation also has a strong influence on weightlifting performance and should be considered to facilitate both the identification and development of weightlifting talent.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eliete Samara Batista Dos Santos, Iluska Almeida Carneiro Martins de Medeiros, Mayara Sanay da Silva Oliveira, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Arnaldo Luis Mortatti, Ricardo Santos Oliveira
{"title":"The Association Between Physical Activity and Markers of Obesity in Children Living With Obesity.","authors":"Eliete Samara Batista Dos Santos, Iluska Almeida Carneiro Martins de Medeiros, Mayara Sanay da Silva Oliveira, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Arnaldo Luis Mortatti, Ricardo Santos Oliveira","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0079","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2024-0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to describe the association between the volume and intensity of accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) and markers of obesity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-seven children (20 girls) took part in this investigation. Children wore accelerometers on their nondominant wrists for 7 days. PA was expressed as average acceleration (AvAcc, proxy of PA volume), intensity gradient (IG, distribution of intensity across the 24-h profile), and the acceleration of the most active 5 to 120 minutes of the day (MX, where X = 5-120). Markers of obesity used were body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, obesity severity as the BMI percentage of the 95th percentile, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AvAcc and IG of the sample were 37.3 (11.2) and -2.19 (0.16), respectively. The standardized coefficients indicated that increases in 1 standard deviation of IG (0.2 for the present sample) were associated with a decrease of BMI (-2.3; 95% CI, -4.13 to -0.39 kg/m2), obesity severity as the BMI percentage of the 95th percentile (-9.9; 95% CI, -18.78 to -0.91), body fat percentage (-3.6; 95% CI, -6.68 to -0.57%), and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.02; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.00) independent of AvAcc. No associations were found for AvAcc and obesity markers when controlling for IG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with obesity perform little PA. The distribution of PA intensity may be important for improving BMI, obesity severity as the BMI percentage of the 95th percentile, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Real-Life Motor Complexity on Walking and Mobility in Trained and Sedentary Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities: A Motor Dual-Task Investigation.","authors":"Ghada Jouira, Rym Baccouch, Mariem Jardak, Dan Iulian Alexe, Haithem Rebai, Sonia Sahli","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0086","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2024-0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) often encounter challenges in walking and mobility due to cognitive and motor impairments. This study aimed to investigate the impact of real-life motor complexity on walking and mobility in this population, particularly focusing on dual-task scenarios. Twenty-four adolescents with ID, divided into trained and sedentary groups, participated in the study. Participants completed the Timed Up and Go Test and the 10-m walk test under various conditions, including holding a water glass, carrying a tray with 2 glasses of water, introducing background noise, and encountering unexpected obstacles. Both groups significantly exhibited increased completion times (P < .001) in the Timed Up and Go Test and 10-m walk test with each added level of difficulty. The trained group demonstrated significantly superior performance (P < .05), only in the single task and holding a water glass. However, the difference between groups diminished as the challenges increased. In conclusion, real-life motor dual-tasking scenarios significantly impact walking and mobility in adolescents with ID. Physical activity may improve mobility and walking, particularly under less challenging conditions. Incorporating real-life challenges into motor dual-task training programs can enhance adaptability and reduce the risk of falls and injuries, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals with ID.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ludwig Ruf, Stefan Altmann, Christian Kloss, Sascha Härtel
{"title":"Response to \"A Note on \"Response to: Methodological Rigor in Reference Chart Development: A Comment on 'Normative Reference Centiles for Sprint Performance in High-Level Youth Soccer Players: The Need To Consider Biological Maturity'\"\".","authors":"Ludwig Ruf, Stefan Altmann, Christian Kloss, Sascha Härtel","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0162","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2024-0162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}