BMC Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of iso-mukaadial acetate and betulinic acid against selected Plasmodium falciparum glycolytic pathway proteins: in silico and in vitro studies","authors":"Lindiwe Khumbuzile Zuma,&nbsp;Ofentse Jacob Pooe,&nbsp;Nonduduzo Hlengiwe Mabaso,&nbsp;John Alake,&nbsp;Vincent A. Obakachi,&nbsp;Sinethemba Yakobi,&nbsp;Nothando Gasa,&nbsp;Rajshekhar Karpoormath,&nbsp;Mthokozisi Simelane","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01380-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01380-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malaria is the extensive health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> being the most lethal strain. The continued emergence of drug-resistant <i>P. falciparum</i> advocates for the development of new antimalarials. Our current study aimed to effectively explore the interaction capabilities of iso-mukaadial acetate (IMA) and betulinic acid (BA) against two essential <i>P. falciparum</i> glycolytic pathway proteins, PfLDH and PfHk. Recombinant PfLDH and PfHk were independently expressed in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) cells and subsequently purified using affinity chromatography. Protein–ligand interaction studies probed in silico and in vitro approaches. Parasite inhibition studies confirmed potent antimalarial activity against the <i>P. falciparum</i> NF54 strains, with BA and IMA showing IC₅₀ values of 1.27 µg/ml and 1.03 µg/ml against the asexual stage of <i>P. falciparum</i>, respectively. FTIR experiments confirmed interactions between the compounds and the secondary structure of the proteins. Direct protein–ligand interaction studies analysis using microscale thermophoresis (MST) showed a K_D value of 0.1036 ± 0.6001 µM for the PfLDH-BA complex and 0.7473 ± 0.3554 µM K_D value for PfLDH-IMA. Meanwhile, PfHk-IMA had 0.39701 ± 0.16298 µM K_D value, while the PfHk-BA complex had no interaction detected. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were used to measure and confirm the interactive strength of complexes. Molecular docking reported a binding score of − 1.155 kcal/mol for the PfLDH-BA complex and a binding score of − 3.200 kcal/mol for PfLDH-IMA. The PfHk-BA complex had − 2.871 kcal/mol and PfHk-IMA complex had − 4.225 kcal/mol binding score. In conclusion, BA and IMA compounds had better interactions and remained bound within the binding sites of the glycolytic pathway proteins (PfLDH and PfHk).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01380-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three different methods for ZnO-RGO nanocomposite synthesis and its adsorption capacity for methylene blue dye removal in a comparative study","authors":"Safaa A. Hussein,&nbsp;Gharib M. Taha,&nbsp;F. A. Adam,&nbsp;Marwa A. Moghazy","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01381-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01381-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Water is one of the vital needs of life. However, due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and lack of awareness, the world population now facing the threat of water shortage. To ensure that future living conditions are preserved, it is crucial to reduce water pollution and protect the ecosystem. Zinc oxide- reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-RGO) nanocomposite is used in this study as an adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. An easy strategy was used for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (RGO), Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and ZnO-RGO nanocomposite. The synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was accomplished through the exothermic reaction of a modified Hummer's method. In a novel approach, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the green Leidenfrost technique. This study presents a comparative investigation of ZnO-RGO nanocomposite synthesis employing both green and chemical methods. Three distinct approaches were utilized to prepare the ZnO-RGO nanocomposite: (1) the innovative Leidenfrost green method for composite A1, (2) a chemical precipitation method for composite A2, and (3) a physical mixing sonication method for composite A3. This research marks the first application of the Leidenfrost technique in the synthesis of ZnO-RGO nanocomposites, contributing to the growing body of knowledge in this field. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Burnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Zeta potential, transmittance electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses are conducted for synthesized sample characterization. Comparing the XRD patterns of the three synthesis methods, it is notable that the intensity peaks of composite A3 were the highest when ZnO was synthesized using a green method, indicating a higher degree of crystallinity. FTIR analysis approves that combining ZnO with RGO affects the functional groups of the three nanocomposite surfaces. The SEM analysis shows ZnO NPs and RGO sheets are incorporated together. In the case of A1 composite sharp angles make a flower shape was observed due to the unique synthesizing method. The surface area for A2 composite is the highest (7.29 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/g) compared with A1 (2.91 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/g) and A3(1.90 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/g). A comparison study is made among the three nanocomposites for MB dye removal. The effect of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial dye concentration on dye adsorption has been studied. The results show that A1 and A2 nanocomposites removed 85.5 and 87.5% of MB at the optimum adsorbent dose of 0.15 g/100 ml at pH8 and &lt;span&gt;A3&lt;/span&gt; removed 95% of MB at the optimum dose of 0.1 g/100 ml at pH 2. All three composites exhibited adherence to the Langmuir isotherm model, with correlation coefficients (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) of 0.9858, 0.9904, and 0.9959 for A1, A2, and A3, respectively. Kinetic study results demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order model b","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01381-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of HPLC methods for the determination of folic acid and parabens antimicrobial agents on folic acid oral solution","authors":"Wenhong Wu,&nbsp;Ying Liang,&nbsp;Renbang Zhao,&nbsp;Yude Shi,&nbsp;Jiahui Hou,&nbsp;Jiumei Peng,&nbsp;Jiadi Pan,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Li,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01370-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01370-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As the common antibacterial drugs in folic acid oral liquid, parabens are listed as mandatory substances in the quality standard. Both the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia use high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of folic acid, but the quantitative methods of parabens are different. Pharmacopoeias use different instruments to quantify folic acid and parabens, resulting in cumbersome and cumbersome detection methods.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>Without changing the type of instrument and mobile phase, two methods were established for the determination of folic acid and parabens (methyl paraben; ethyl paraben; propyl paraben) using respective wavelengths and flow comparisons Propyl benzoate) high performance liquid chromatography method.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent 5 TC-C₁₈ HPLC column (5 μm; 250 μm × 4.6 mm) maintained at 25 °C (column temperature). The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)-methanol. When the ratio is 99:1, it is used to determine the content of folic acid, and when the ratio is 79:21, it is used to determine the content of antimicrobial agents. The flow rate used was 1.2 mL/min, the injection volume of folic acid was 20 µL, and the injection volume of bacteriostatic agent was 50 µL. In addition, the blue applicability grade index (BAGI) and analytical greenness (AGREE) metric tools were used to evaluate the greenness and environmental friendliness of the developed methods.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The method has a good linear relationship with R² ≥ 0.9995, the average recovery rate of the two methods is ≥ 95%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) accuracy is less than 0.21%. The BAGI tool characterizes the developed method as green. The AGREE score is around 0.5, and the method is also largely consistent with the principles of green analytical chemistry.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The HPLC method was established for the rapid determination of folic acid and antibacterial agent of parabens in folic acid. The method has high accuracy, strong specificity, high recovery rate, good stability and environmental friendliness. Compared with the method in the pharmacopoeia, it has strong resistance to complex matrix interference, greatly shortens the detection time, and has little damage to the instrument and chromatographic column. It can be used for the quality standard of folic acid oral liquid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01370-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the power of spectrophotometric technique in determination of oxytetracycline and lidocaine in their pharmaceutical dosage form as well as in the presence of toxic lidocaine impurity: univariate versus multivariate analysis","authors":"Naglaa Ahmed,&nbsp;Ahmed Hemdan,&nbsp;Hala ZaaZaa,&nbsp;Maha Galal","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01373-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01373-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lidocaine poses challenges when it comes to direct spectrophotometric measurement due to the lack of sharp peak within its spectra in zero-order. This lack of a distinct peak makes it difficult to accurately quantify lidocaine using traditional direct spectrophotometric methods. In our study, different univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric techniques have been established and their validity has been assessed for the determination of the mixture of Lidocaine HCl (LD), Oxytetracycline HCl (OTC) together with LD carcinogenic impurity [2,6- dimethylaniline] DMA. LD was resolved from the other two components using ratio difference and derivative ratio methods. OTC was determined in zero- order at 360 nm and by using constant value and concentration value methods, while DMA was determined by using constant multiplication at 237 nm as well as by using constant value and concentration value methods after elimination of OTC by ratio subtraction technique. Moreover, Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Regression multivariate approaches were applied to quantify and evaluate the mixture. The developed methods underwent validation following International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The validation process demonstrated that all suggested methods are accurate and selective in their measurements. Additionally, statistical analysis was conducted to compare the developed and reported methods. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare both proposed and reported spectrophotometric methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01373-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and comprehensive greenness assessment of HPLC method for quality control of β-sitosterol in pharmaceutical ointments with trio-color coded evaluation","authors":"Haya I. Aljohar,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Al-Hossaini,&nbsp;Seham A. Alzammay,&nbsp;Samiah Alhabardi,&nbsp;Hadir M. Maher,&nbsp;Aya R. Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01372-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01372-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple, rapid, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of β-sitosterol in the pharmaceutical dosage form of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO). This method involved an effective sample procedure for extraction of β-sitosterol from MEBO using an alkali saponification agent composed of 0.8 N ethanolic NaOH and diethyl ether. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (50 × 3.0 mm, 2.5 μm), using a mobile phase composed of methanol and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) pumped in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 40 °C, the injection volume was 10 µL, and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. Employing these conditions, the retention time was found to be 2.10 min. The developed method was validated for its specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, robustness, and solution stability based on International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines Q2 (R1). Our proposed method demonstrated superior performance compared to other reported methods. It exhibited a linearity range of 30 to 500 µg/mL and improved detectability with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.65 µg/mL, highlighting its high sensitivity. Additionally, the separation was achieved in a remarkably short analysis time of just 2.1 min, which not only enhanced throughput but also significantly minimized waste and solvent consumption, thereby making it a more sustainable and effective alternative for β-sitosterol extraction. Moreover, in the light of green and white analytical chemistry, a comprehensive ecological and sustainable tri-color coded assessment protocol was established. The proposed method has been successfully applied to quantify β-sitosterol in commercial products (MEBO^®, Avomeb^® and BISTROl^®) demonstrating its suitability for routine quality control analysis of β-sitosterol in pharmaceutical ointment dosage forms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01372-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive alcohols-alcohols cross-coupling via TFA catalysis: access of unsymmetrical ethers","authors":"Chengxiu Liu,&nbsp;Jiaxin Liang,&nbsp;Yuqiu Liang,&nbsp;Lu Ouyang,&nbsp;Youchun Li","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01379-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01379-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethers are high value organic compounds widely applied in chemical industry, natural products, material, pharmaceuticals, argochemicals, as well as modern organic synthesis. Herein, we report an adaptive TFA-catalyzed cross-coupling of alcohols with various oxygen nucleophiles (nitro-, halogen-, sulfur-, nitrogen-, aryl-, and alkynyl-substituted aliphatic alcohols), delivering diverse unsymmetrical ethers under mild conditions and simple operation. This protocol features a broad range of substrate scope and high catalytic efficiency (54 examples, up to 99% yield). The decagram scale performance and one-step synthesis of drug molecules evidenced the potential industrial production and practicability of this protocol.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01379-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loading of anionic surfactant on eco-friendly biochar and its applications in Cr(VI) removal: adsorption, kinetics, and reusability studies","authors":"Azza M. Shaker,&nbsp;Mohamed Khedawy,&nbsp;Abeer A. Moneer,&nbsp;Nabila M. El-Mallah,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Ramadan","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01363-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01363-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surfactant-modified biochar is a viable adsorbent for eliminating Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater. The biochar obtained from the <i>zea mays</i> plant (BC) was tailored with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant forming SDS-BC adsorbent. Different controlling conditions have been evaluated including pH of the solution, biomass concentration, primary Cr(VI) concentration, time of adsorption, and temperature. Under the best controlling circumstances, the percentage of removal has attained 99%. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the removal process, according to the kinetic data, while the Temkin model, one of the applicable adsorption isotherm models, well expressed the adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters were computed, which disclosed the spontaneity and exothermic character of the Cr(VI) elimination. According to the regeneration cycles, SDS-BC was cost-effective and had a good removal capability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01363-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of anion exchange resin for sorption of selenium (IV) from aqueous solutions","authors":"A. El-Tantawy,&nbsp;E. M. Abu Elgoud,&nbsp;S. E. A. Sharaf El-Deen","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01356-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01356-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, selenium (IV) ions were adsorbed from aqueous solutions by the strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-400. The morphology of the resin before and after Se(IV) sorption was investigated using different techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To determine the ideal sorption conditions, a batch approach was used to examine the variables affecting Se(IV) sorption performance, including pH, shaking time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The results showed the optimal parameters for the highest percentage of selenium (80.25%) at an initial concentration of 100.0 mg L⁻¹, pH 3.0, the adsorbent dosage of 10.0 mg, and the shaking time of 60.0 min. According to the experimental findings, the sorption process was satisfactorily explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity at pH 3.0 was 18.52 mg g⁻¹, and the adsorption rather well followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, exothermic and spontaneous sorption reaction was the result of thermodynamic properties (negativity of both ΔG° and ΔH°). The adsorption phase's random distribution of the resin-solution interface is indicated by the positive value of ΔS^o. Finally, the desorption study was performed using different concentrations of desorbing agents; HNO₃, HCl, and sodium acetate. The results illustrated that the effective desorbing agent was 1.0 mol L^-1 HNO₃, with desorption efficiency reaching about 96.4%. Finally, the Amberlite IRA-400 demonstrated excellent adsorption–desorption behavior over five times, suggesting that the Amberlite IRA-400 could be an effective candidate for the sorption of Se(IV) from several metal ions that occur in fission products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01356-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-sustainable chromatographic method for the determination of favipiravir and nitazoxanide for COVID-19: application to human plasma","authors":"Amal B. Ahmed,&nbsp;Maha M. Abdelrahman,&nbsp;Fadwa H. Edrees","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01364-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01364-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an extremely contagious illness, has posed enormous challenges to healthcare systems around the world. Although the evidence on COVID-19 management is growing, antiviral medication is still the first line of treatment. Therefore, it is critical that effective, safe, and tolerable antivirals be available to treat early COVID-19 and stop its progression. Recently, favipiravir (FAV) has received FDA approval as safe and effective antiviral medication for COVID-19 management. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) also possesses antiviral and immunomodulating activities. Moreover, FAV and NTZ in combination are clinically used in COVID-19 treatment with reported safety, synergistic antiviral and immunomodulating effects. Despite the availability of various clinical studies on both FAV and NTZ, no existing analytical application for the simultaneous estimation of FAV and NTZ exists. As a result, the current work goal is to establish a green HPLC method for their analysis and implementation to human plasma. The developed method utilizes isocratic elution with 0.1% aqueous formic acid: ethanol (55:45, v/v) and dantrolene as internal standard. The bioanalytical validation parameters passed the FDA acceptance criteria. NEMI, eco scale, AGREE and ComplexGAPI approaches were used for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the method’s greenness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01364-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical study of anti-platelets tirofiban HCl in dosage form using nanomaterials modified sensors: developed and green assessed by eco-scale and complex-GAPI approach","authors":"Mohamed. Rizk,&nbsp;Maha Mahmoud Abou El-Alamin,&nbsp;Ola Abd Elkhalek,&nbsp;Hassan A. M. Hendawy","doi":"10.1186/s13065-024-01358-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-024-01358-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tirofiban hydrochloride is used to inhibit platelet aggregation, which has a significant impact on the treatment of congestive heart failure the most common cause of death according to WHO. Therefore, its quantification in pharmaceutical dosage form is critical. In this work, an electrochemical method for the determination of tirofiban HCl in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed and validated. Carbon paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was utilized to examine the electrochemical response of tirofiban hydrochloride. Scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to investigate the morphology of this electrode. A linear response was obtained within the range of (27.00–745.00 ng/mL) (5.4 × 10^–5 M–1.5 × 10⁻³ M) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995, and a detection limit of 15.50 ng<i>/</i>mL (3.1 × 10^–5 M). The greenness profile of the method was assessed utilizing the eco-scale and the green analytical procedure Index.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-024-01358-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}