BMC Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and in silico studies of quinoline appended acridine via conventional and green methods: photophysical analysis of novel fluorophore for picric acid detection using a ‘turn-off' fluorescence approach","authors":"Rebecca Susan Philip,&nbsp;V. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01452-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01452-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of novel 4-(9-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ones and their dimers were synthesized using an efficient one-pot method with Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), alongside microwave-assisted and conventional techniques. Using less toxic and inexpensive DESs enhance sustainability in producing desired products. Green metrics calculations indicate a high level of greenness in the synthesis process. FT-IR, NMR, and HRMS characterized the compounds. In-silico tests involving Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) assessed the binding affinity of the compounds toward various drugs. Furthermore, DFT studies explored theoretical spectral calculations, energy differences, and electron cloud density. Notably, among the derivatives, the fluorophore 4-(7-amino-9-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one (<b>3e</b>) can specifically detect 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (Picric acid, PA), a fatal nitro explosive. Photophysical studies confirmed <b>3e</b>'s ability as a “turn-off” fluorescence chemosensor for PA with a detection limit of 1.766 × 10^–9 M and a binding stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 between the probe and analyte. Structural confirmation of the probe was achieved through single-crystal XRD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01452-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution using polyethersulfone based membrane reinforced by montmorillonite","authors":"Farnaz Mortezapour,&nbsp;Nasrin Shadjou,&nbsp;Mehdi Mahmoudian","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01464-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01464-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study highlights the development and characterization of a novel polymeric membrane composed of montmorillonite (MMT) and polyethersulfone (PES) using the phase inversion process. The membrane incorporates polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore-forming agent and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. The addition of MMT significantly enhances the membrane's properties, including hydrophilicity, porosity, antifouling capacity, hydraulic resistance, water uptake, and dye removal efficiency. Characterization techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDX spectroscopy, water flux measurements, water uptake analysis, contact angle studies, and fouling assessments confirm the improved performance of the PES/MMT composite membrane. The presence of MMT increases the negative surface charge of the membrane, making it particularly effective in removing anionic dyes like Congo red (CR), Quinoline yellow (QY), and Methyl orange (MO). The study demonstrates that membranes with up to 5 wt% MMT exhibit high porosity (68.2%) and enhanced water flux (35 L/m²·h), achieving dye rejection rates of 99% for CR, 92% for MO, and 81% for QY. The integration of MMT into PES membranes presents a significant advancement in sustainable water purification technologies. These modified membranes demonstrate enhanced mechanical strength, improved structural stability, and an increased surface area, making them highly effective for dye adsorption. Compared to traditional materials, PES/MMT membranes exhibit superior performance in wastewater treatment and dye removal, offering a promising and eco-friendly alternative for addressing environmental challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01464-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of thiazoloquinolinone derivatives: molecular docking, MD simulation, and pharmacological evaluation as VEGFR-2 inhibitors","authors":"Zeinab Amiri,&nbsp;Mohammad Bayat,&nbsp;Davood Gheidari","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01459-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01459-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We synthesized a series of novel thiazoloquinolinone derivatives, achieving moderate to high yields ranging from 74 to 96%, and assessed their efficacy against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) using in silico methodologies. The structures of these compounds were characterized through various spectroscopic techniques, including ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. Comprehensive computational analyses, encompassing molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling, were conducted. Docking studies with VEGFR-2 revealed that all synthesized compounds exhibited docking scores between − 3.24 and − 6.63, indicating varying degrees of binding affinity. Notably, compound <b>(5e)</b> demonstrated the strongest binding affinity with an energy of − 6.63 kcal/mol. The MD simulations indicated that Lys868 was one of the amino acids exhibiting the highest frequency of interaction throughout the simulation. Analysis of the ADMET and physicochemical properties revealed that all inhibitor compounds possess favorable pharmacological characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01459-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel fabrication method of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes by single-stage floating catalyst CVD","authors":"B. V.N. Sewwandi,&nbsp;A. R. Kumarasinghe,&nbsp;Xing CHEN,&nbsp;P. M.C.J. Bandara,&nbsp;L. Jayarathna,&nbsp;Rohan Weerasooriya","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01460-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01460-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The single-stage floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (SS-FCCVD) method using the ferrocene route (e.g., ferrocene: catalyst and camphor: carbon source) offers significant but largely unexplored versatility for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our study used the SS-FCCVD method to grow vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on an alumina ceramic reactor surface at 850 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental setup included a camphor/ferrocene ratio of 20:1 and a specific temperature gradient of 21 °C/cm. To minimize the catalyst agglomeration, we positioned the chemical sources at a distance of 15 cm from the inlet of the CVD reactor. Alumina ceramic surfaces proved highly effective for VACNT production, showing minimal agglomeration of iron particles, facilitating the formation of reactive sites essential for VACNT growth. The VACNTs grew readily on alumina ceramic surfaces, forming bundled, forest-like structures with segment lengths up to 1.2 mm and diameters around 60 nm. When compared to conventional substrates, the surface area of the reaction zone substrate increases by up to 705%, resulting in a significant boost in VACNT yield. A detailed evaluation of characterization results confirmed the growth mechanism and behavior of Fe particles such that carbon-encapsulated particles are attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNTs. These VACNT surfaces exhibited superhydrophobic properties, similar to the lotus leaf effect. The synthesized iron-dispersed CNTs exhibit exceptional efficiency in Chromium (VI) removal, with an impressive adsorption capacity of 0.206 mmol/m², positioning them as a promising solution for effective water treatment. This scalable SS-FCCVD method using the ferrocene route achieved the longest VACNTs reported to date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01460-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized novel carbon dots from bell pepper seeds for sustainable green Edoxaban quantification","authors":"Rasha Th. El-Eryan,&nbsp;Mona S. Elshahed,&nbsp;Dalia Mohamed,&nbsp;Azza A. Ashour,&nbsp;Heba T. Elbalkiny","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01427-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01427-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global warming and the developed worldwide awareness have persuaded efforts to minimize the generated hazardous wastes. As a result, “green” chemical procedures are being gradually included in science for sustainable development. This concept has been extended and inspired chemists to fabricate novel green carbon dots (CDs) from natural plants. Herein, we represent novel CDs synthesized by recycling seeds obtained from bell pepper as fluorescent probe for the determination of Edoxaban tosylate hydrate (EDO) a non-fluorescent drug; we exploit the advantage of the inner filter effect between the absorption peak of the drug and the emission peak of the CDs. This overlap resulted in quenching the fluorescence of CDs by increasing the concentration of EDO within the range 0.80–20.00 µg/mL with a limit of detection 0.23 and 0.22 µg/mL and a limit of quantitation 0.69 and 0.72 µg/mL for Microwave CDs and Plate CDs, respectively, at λ_ex/λ_em 310/409 nm. Two facile preparation techniques for the CDs were used, the microwave-assisted method and the thermal decomposition method, using a single-step approach. The fabricated CDs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis, fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray Diffaction, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential. The performance of the synthesized fluorescent probe for the determination of EDO was evaluated according to ICH guidelines. The accomplished results, together with the simplicity, sensitivity, and low cost of the developed probe, recommended its appropriateness for the routine quality control assay of EDO pharmaceutical formulation, as good % recovery was obtained upon the investigation of the marketed tablets with 99.77% and 98.79% recoveries for microwave CDs and plate CDs, respectively. The method’s greenness was evaluated using three integral matrices, the Blue Applicability Grade Index, the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Eco-Scale.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01427-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of novel 1,2,3-triazole- derivatives from 7-Oxodehydroabietic acid","authors":"Yong-Feng Lv,&nbsp;Fu-Cai Ren,&nbsp;Kang Hui,&nbsp;Jie Zheng,&nbsp;Shou-Jin Liu,&nbsp;Han Luo","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01449-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dehydroabietic acid (DHA) is a naturally occurring diterpene with relevant biological activities. 7-Oxodehydroabietic acid as a highly oxidized state derivative from Dehydroabietic acid (DHA) showing good activities. However, the reported compounds did not include triazole derivatives. To discover novel potent anti-inflammatory diterpenoids, a series of hybrids of 7-Oxodehydroabietic acid containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed and synthesized. The anti-inflammatory activity of the new compounds was assessed towards BV2 cell lines using L-NMMA (IC₅₀ = 42.36 ± 2.47 <i>µ</i>M) as a positive control. Compared with the L-NMMA, anti-inflammatory effect (NO inhibitory activities) was found in these novel molecules, especially compounds <b>9</b> (IC₅₀ = 8.00 ± 0.83 <i>µ</i>M), <b>10</b> (IC₅₀ = 8.44 ± 0.89 <i>µ</i>M), <b>15</b> (IC₅₀ = 8.13 ± 0.97 <i>µ</i>M) and <b>16</b> (IC₅₀ = 8.84 ± 1.10 <i>µ</i>M). The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds <b>9</b>, <b>10</b>, <b>15</b> and <b>16</b> in vivo are underway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01449-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust ternary system of corncob-derived carbon quantum dots/ ZnFe2O4/graphene oxide for wastewater treatment","authors":"Wajeeha Qayyum,&nbsp;Noor Tahir,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahid,&nbsp;Saima Noreen,&nbsp;Muhammad Yaseen,&nbsp;Abeer A. AlObaid,&nbsp;Qamar Abbas,&nbsp;Ghulam Mustafa","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01462-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01462-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water contamination emerging from urban and industrial waste disposal is posing an alarming threat to human and marine life. Hence, it is imperative to take a crucial approach to lowering the overall cost and time of wastewater treatment. The efficiency of heterogeneous photo Fenton green wastewater treatment processes relies mainly on the morphology and surface interface properties of photocatalysts for harnessing maximum sunlight energy. This research work reports for the first time the hydrothermal synthesis of ternary zinc ferrite coupled with carbon quantum dots derived primarily from corncob biomass and supported over graphene oxide. The physiochemical properties and microstructure of magnetic graphene oxide anchored over carbon quantum dots included Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy. The effect of several factors on the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was studied and maximum degradation was attained at optimized conditions of pH = 4, catalyst concentration (20 mg/100 mL), oxidant dose (10 mM) and degradation time (60 min). Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimization of various interacting parameters. The current research focused on the utilization of waste corncob biomass as a potential candidate for the novel ternary nanocomposite for effective treatment dye wastewater and reuse of treated dye water over wheat seeds germination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01462-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel spectrophotometric methods for concurrent assessment of duloxetine and avanafil in their binary mixture using derivative spectroscopy: greenness-blueness evaluation","authors":"Hadeer A. Elhamdy,&nbsp;Sayed M. Derayea,&nbsp;Khalid M. Badr El-Din,&nbsp;Mohamed Oraby","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01450-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01450-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antidepressant drugs, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are known to induce sexual dysfunction as a side effect. Duloxetine (DLX) and Avanafil (AVN) are simultaneously determined in their pure state and laboratory-prepared mixtures by two novel, environmentally friendly spectrophotometric methods. The first method was based on second order derivatives while the second method is based on first derivative dual-wavelength. In method I, the linearity range was found to be 0.5–12 µg/mL and 1–12 µg/mL with limit of detection 0.15 µg/mL and 0.27 µg/mL for DLX and AVN, respectively. In method II, the linearity range was found to be 1–10 µg/mL for both drugs with limit of detection 0.18 µg/mL and 0.21 µg/mL for DLX and AVN, respectively. The validation of these approaches meets the International Council for Harmonization’s (ICH) standards. Furthermore, three current ecological tools namely the Eco-Scale, GAPI, and AGREE were used to evaluate the proposed method’s greenness. The sustainability characteristics of the proposed method were also assessed using the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), a recently developed metric for assessing the practicality (blueness) of procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01450-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of Normal-phase versus reversed-phase HPTLC methods for the concurrent quantification of three antiviral agents against COVID19: Remdesivir, favipiravir and Molnupiravir: trichromatic sustainability assessment","authors":"Dina Salah El-Kafrawy,&nbsp;Amira H. Abo-Gharam","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01439-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01439-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pursuit of sustainability in analytical chemistry is a multifaceted, challenging and complex endeavor. This requires continuous and competitive attempts to achieve the sustainable development goals at every step of the analytical methodology by adhering to the principles of green, blue and white analytical chemistry. This also involves assessment of the degree of sustainability using the latest evaluation metrics until finally reaching the design of a trichromatic procedure. The herein illustrated work represents a comparative study between two newly developed normal-phase and reverse-phase HPTLC methods for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Remdesivir (RMD), Favipiravir (FAV) and Molnupiravir (MOL). For normal-phase HPTLC method, the employed mobile phase consisted of ethyl acetate: ethanol: water (9.4:0.4:0.25, v/v), while, for reverse-phase HPTLC procedure, a greener mobile phase was employed consisting of ethanol: water (6:4, v/v). For both methods, detection wavelength of RMD and MOL was 244 nm while FAV was detected at 325 nm. Both methods were validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines with respect to linearity, range, accuracy, precision and robustness. The two established methods were proved to be linear over the range of 50-2000 ng/band for FAV and MOL and over the range of 30–800 ng/band for RMD. The excellent linearities were proved by the high values of correlation coefficients not less than 0.99988. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the three drugs in their bulk form and in their pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, a thorough comparative and integrative trichromatic evaluation of sustainability of the designed methods was performed. The Analytical Eco-Scale, the novel Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index (MoGAPI) (2024) and the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metrics were applied for greenness assessment and the recent Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) (2023) tool was employed for blueness evaluation. Finally, the RGB12 model was implemented for appraisal of whiteness of the developed methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01439-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of novel arsenic nanoparticles containing metformin (MTF@As NPs): a study on their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties","authors":"Mojtaba Shakibaie,&nbsp;Seyed Soheil Hosseininasab,&nbsp;Soudabe Riahi-Madvar,&nbsp;Mahboubeh Adeli-Sardou,&nbsp;Fereshteh Jabari-Morouei,&nbsp;Hamid Forootanfar","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01419-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01419-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present research, arsenic nanoparticles containing metformin (MTF@As NPs) were synthesized by subjecting a mixture of As₂O₃ and sodium borohydride solution to microwave irradiation in the presence of metformin. The physicochemical properties of the prepared nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles were assessed for their antioxidant potential, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxic effects. Based on the study’s findings, it was found that MTF@As NPs have a size range of 14–38 nm. DPPH scavenging and iron-reducing assays demonstrated that MTF@As NPs exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than As NPs (80–1280 µg/mL). The study also revealed that nanoparticles were compatible materials that did not induce significant hemolysis in RBCs. According to the study, the concentration required for death of half of the cells (IC₅₀) treated with MTF@As NPs after 24 h was found to be 33.5 ± 2.6 µg/mL and 5.7 ± 0.3 µg/mL for MCF-7, and NIH3T3 cells, respectively. Notably, MTF@As NPs exhibited significantly higher toxicity against MCF-7 cells at higher concentrations (40–1280 µg/mL). This study provides insights into the cytotoxic properties of MTF@As NPs, additional investigation is necessary to fully understand these nanoparticles’ underlying biological mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01419-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}