Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications最新文献

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CMOS-compatible plasmonic magnetic field sensor: An alternative approach using ultra-compact MIM configuration CMOS 兼容型等离子体磁场传感器:使用超紧凑 MIM 配置的替代方法
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101319
Mohammad Ashraful Haque , Rummanur Rahad , Md. Omar Faruque , Abu S.M. Mohsin
{"title":"CMOS-compatible plasmonic magnetic field sensor: An alternative approach using ultra-compact MIM configuration","authors":"Mohammad Ashraful Haque ,&nbsp;Rummanur Rahad ,&nbsp;Md. Omar Faruque ,&nbsp;Abu S.M. Mohsin","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel magnetic field sensor (MFS) that utilizes a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide integrated with a resonator structure and incorporates water-based Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic fluid. The sensor uses titanium nitride (<em>TiN</em>) as the plasmonic material which offers numerous advantages over conventional noble plasmonic materials. The sensor takes advantage of the tunable optical properties of the magnetic fluid and <em>TiN</em> to detect changes in the external magnetic field and quantify the magnetic field strength which has been demonstrated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Our proposed MFS exhibits a high sensitivity of 11.97 pm/Oe, a narrow-band full-width half maximum of 93.66 nm, and a resolution of 8.36 × 10<sup>−4</sup> Oe. The sensor is also compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication techniques, which enables chip-scale integration and low-cost production. The sensor can be used for various applications in navigation, military, space, healthcare, and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted by computer vision for increasing coverage area in mobile communication systems 利用计算机视觉辅助可重构智能表面,扩大移动通信系统的覆盖范围
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101318
Vitalii A. Pavlov , Andrey A. Belov , Andrey D. Sayanskiy , Daniil A. Vabishchevich
{"title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted by computer vision for increasing coverage area in mobile communication systems","authors":"Vitalii A. Pavlov ,&nbsp;Andrey A. Belov ,&nbsp;Andrey D. Sayanskiy ,&nbsp;Daniil A. Vabishchevich","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper describes a reflective intelligent surface (RIS) assisted by computer vision (CV). A RIS can reflect the transmitter’s signal into shadow regions with low signal strength thus increasing the coverage area of a communication system. CV assists the RIS in searching for and tracking potential users. Information about user’s position is used to direct the RIS beam towards the user. Operation of CV algorithms and their integration in the RIS control loop is demonstrated. Increase in the received signal power of 15–20 dB in non-line of sight (NLOS) situations due to RIS operation is achieved. The system has a low cost and power consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kerr nonlinearity effect on the stability of Wannier-Stark states in active optical systems 克尔非线性对有源光学系统中万尼尔-斯塔克态稳定性的影响
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101316
Alexey Verbitskiy, Alexey Yulin
{"title":"Kerr nonlinearity effect on the stability of Wannier-Stark states in active optical systems","authors":"Alexey Verbitskiy,&nbsp;Alexey Yulin","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper provides an analytical and numerical investigation of the dynamics of a one-dimensional chain of coupled optical resonators with conservative cubic nonlinearity and the gain saturated by nonlinear losses. The linear dependency of the resonator eigenfrequencies on their indexes makes it possible to use Wannier-Stark states as lasing modes. Numerical simulations have shown that the dependency of the resonant frequencies on the light intensity strongly affects the stability of Wannier-Stark states. To explain the observed destabilization of monochromatic lasing based on Wannier-Stark states a simple perturbation theory has been developed and compared with the data obtained in the numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical properties of core-shell nanoparticles and their application for effective absorption, scattering, extinction and filtering solar and optical radiation 核壳纳米粒子的光学特性及其在有效吸收、散射、消光和过滤太阳辐射和光辐射方面的应用
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101312
V.K. Pustovalov , L.G. Astafyeva , W. Fritzsche
{"title":"Optical properties of core-shell nanoparticles and their application for effective absorption, scattering, extinction and filtering solar and optical radiation","authors":"V.K. Pustovalov ,&nbsp;L.G. Astafyeva ,&nbsp;W. Fritzsche","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The review presents a comprehensive analysis of the latest experimental and theoretical results and achievements related to the optical properties of core-shell nanoparticles (nanoshells) and nanostructured materials containing them for solar and optical radiation applications. Modern nanotechnologies allow producing a variety of core-shell nanoparticles from various metals and materials, with different sizes, shapes and combinations of materials, possessing unique optical properties when immersed in liquid, solid or gaseous media. Among them, it is worth noting nanoparticles with the core-shell structure SiO<sub>2</sub>-Au, Au-SiO<sub>2</sub>, Au-Ag, Ti-TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ni-NiO, NiO-Ni, Cu<sub>2</sub>O-Au, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Au and others, the properties and areas of applications of which were analyzed. The results of studying the optical properties of various core-shell nanoparticles in a wide range of wavelengths and their parameters are presented and analyzed. The use of nanoparticles selected on the basis of the presented analysis of absorption, scattering and attenuation of optical and solar radiation can be used to develop and implement various devices that provide unique advantages over traditional devices in the control and use of optical radiation. These results can be used to design and apply optical absorbers, scatterers, filters, attenuators and other devices based on them to control and modify radiation properties, especially for high-temperature nanophotonics applications. They can play a decisive role in improving the efficiency of solar and optical energy applications. This review focuses on recent research and achievements, mainly for the years 2020–2024, but also takes into account background papers from previous years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Triple-coupled normal mode splitting in Fabry-Pérot microcavity contained rectangular hole magnetic metamaterials in THz region 太赫兹区域法布里-佩罗特微腔包含矩形孔磁超材料中的三耦合法向模式分裂
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101313
Haruki Anzai , Shota Inoue , Yu Tokizane , Hiroko Yoshida , Takeshi Yasui , Fusao Shimokawa , Noriaki Tsurumachi
{"title":"Triple-coupled normal mode splitting in Fabry-Pérot microcavity contained rectangular hole magnetic metamaterials in THz region","authors":"Haruki Anzai ,&nbsp;Shota Inoue ,&nbsp;Yu Tokizane ,&nbsp;Hiroko Yoshida ,&nbsp;Takeshi Yasui ,&nbsp;Fusao Shimokawa ,&nbsp;Noriaki Tsurumachi","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between light and matter inside a microcavity has been intensively studied for a long time, but most of the research has focused on the coupling between the electric dipole of the material and the electric field inside the cavity. We replaced the material with a metamaterial, focused on its characteristic magnetic response, and studied its interaction with the magnetic field inside a Fabry-Pérot (FP) microcavity. In this study, we utilized the fact that a rectangular hole metamaterial (RH), known as a magnetic current antenna, behaves as a magnetic dipole. This RH also has a high reflectance, so it also functions as a mirror. Taking advantage of this property, we investigated the optical properties of three different FP cavity structures containing RH metamaterials in the THz region. First, we investigated the transmission properties and dispersion relationship by transmission line theory analysis. Next, to fabricate the actual sample, we designed it using the finite differential time domain (FDTD) method and investigated the magnetic field distribution inside the sample. We then fabricated a sample by photolithography and lift-off processes and measured its transmission spectra using THz time-domain spectroscopy. As a result, we found that it was possible to observe triple-coupled normal mode splitting caused by the strong coupling between the magnetic field and the magnetic dipole. This phenomenon does not appear in a strongly coupled system of two coupled oscillators, such as the well-known cavity polariton, which consists of an ordinary electric field and an electric dipole.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inverse opal optical Tamm state for sensing applications 用于传感应用的反蛋白石光学塔姆态
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101315
Rina Mudi , Alessandro Carpentiero , Monica Bollani , Mario Barozzi , Kapil Debnath , Andrea Chiappini , B.N. Shivakiran Bhaktha
{"title":"Inverse opal optical Tamm state for sensing applications","authors":"Rina Mudi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Carpentiero ,&nbsp;Monica Bollani ,&nbsp;Mario Barozzi ,&nbsp;Kapil Debnath ,&nbsp;Andrea Chiappini ,&nbsp;B.N. Shivakiran Bhaktha","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the excitation of optical Tamm states (OTS) in inverse opal (IO) - based three-dimensional photonic crystal on a flat metal substrate, validated through both numerical simulations and experimental observations. Large area, uniform Tamm inverse opal (Tamm-IO) structures were fabricated without the use of any corrosive chemicals. Upon infiltration of non-reactive solvents such as methanol and ethanol into the IO, a noticeable shift of the OTS, consistent with our simulations is observed, and the temporal dynamics of the same have been investigated. The experimentally obtained sensitivity is ∼ 110 nm/RIU which is of the same order as the computed value, making the IO OTS to be an attractive sensing tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microwaves in ferromagnetic composites Fe/Epoxy with aggregates of nanoparticles: Theory and experiment 具有纳米颗粒聚集体的铁磁性复合材料铁/环氧树脂中的微波:理论与实验
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101311
D.V. Perov , Yu.V. Korkh , E.A. Kuznetsov , O.V. Nemytova , A.B. Rinkevich , M.A. Uimin , A.S. Konev
{"title":"Microwaves in ferromagnetic composites Fe/Epoxy with aggregates of nanoparticles: Theory and experiment","authors":"D.V. Perov ,&nbsp;Yu.V. Korkh ,&nbsp;E.A. Kuznetsov ,&nbsp;O.V. Nemytova ,&nbsp;A.B. Rinkevich ,&nbsp;M.A. Uimin ,&nbsp;A.S. Konev","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave transmission through plates of a composite material containing spherical Fe nanoparticles in an epoxyamine matrix and reflection from plates have been studied. Measurements were carried out at the frequencies from 26 to 32 GHz in the magnetic fields up to 12 kOe. The ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon in the composite has been investigated. The theory of electromagnetic waves transmitting through a composite material containing ferromagnetic particles, taking into account aggregating the particles, has been developed. A good agreement of calculation results and experimentally obtained field dependences of the transmission and reflection coefficients, as well as microwaves dissipation, has been achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coupled mode theory-based analytical model of a ring resonator refractive index sensor incorporating bending loss and dispersion 基于耦合模式理论的环形谐振器折射率传感器分析模型(含弯曲损耗和色散
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101308
Sanchit Kundal , Rakesh Kumar , Arpit Khandelwal , Kirankumar R. Hiremath
{"title":"Coupled mode theory-based analytical model of a ring resonator refractive index sensor incorporating bending loss and dispersion","authors":"Sanchit Kundal ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Arpit Khandelwal ,&nbsp;Kirankumar R. Hiremath","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an analytical model of a silicon nitride-based 2D ring resonator refractive index (RI) sensor using coupled mode theory (CMT). The proposed model decomposes the ring resonator into two coupling regions and employs coupled-mode equations to describe input and output amplitudes via scattering matrix analysis. The proposed sensor, operating with varying refractive indices in the background cladding, demonstrates a sensitivity of 218 nm/RIU and a total quality factor of 1198. A comprehensive analysis of the bending loss in the proposed sensor is conducted, elucidating its impact on sensitivity, coupling quality factor, and intrinsic quality factor. This analysis aids in the selection of optimal ring resonator parameters, including radius, width, and gap, to achieve superior sensing performance. Furthermore, the paper examines the effect of dispersion on sensitivity and quality and compares the results with those obtained from CMT-based silicon core ring resonator and disk resonator RI sensors. This study provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of high-performance silicon nitride-based RI sensors for various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preface to the special issue in micro and nano structured mid-IR to terahertz materials and devices 微纳米结构中红外至太赫兹材料与器件》特刊序言
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101299
Delphine Marris-Morini, Mikhail Belkin, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Liam O'Faolain, Mathias Vanwolleghem
{"title":"Preface to the special issue in micro and nano structured mid-IR to terahertz materials and devices","authors":"Delphine Marris-Morini,&nbsp;Mikhail Belkin,&nbsp;Kristinn B. Gylfason,&nbsp;Liam O'Faolain,&nbsp;Mathias Vanwolleghem","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is an introduction to the special issue “Micro and nano structured mid-IR to Terahertz materials and devices” which aims to cover recent developments in terms of photonics devices operating from the mid-infrared to terahertz wavelength ranges, with possible applications in spectroscopy, sensing, or communications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “High sensitivity plasmonic refractive index sensor for early anaemia detection” [Photonics Nanostruct. - Fundam. Appl. 58(01) (2024) 101235] 用于早期贫血症检测的高灵敏度等离子体折射率传感器"[《光子学纳米结构-基金应用》58(01) (2024) 101235] 更正
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理
Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101287
Gaurav Kumar Yadav , Sanjeev Kumar Metya , Rukhsar Zafar , Amit Kumar Garg
{"title":"Corrigendum to “High sensitivity plasmonic refractive index sensor for early anaemia detection” [Photonics Nanostruct. - Fundam. Appl. 58(01) (2024) 101235]","authors":"Gaurav Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar Metya ,&nbsp;Rukhsar Zafar ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569441024000622/pdfft?md5=50e50fd1804dc4ed78b7192971f5cf54&pid=1-s2.0-S1569441024000622-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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