Anton Kharchevskii , Ildar Yusupov , Dmitry Dobrykh , Mikhail Udrov , Sergey Geyman , Yulia Grigorovich , Alexander Zolotarev , Mikhail Sidorenko , Irina Melchakova , Anna Mikhailovskaya , Pavel Ginzburg
{"title":"Long-range over-a-meter NFC link budget with distributed large-area coils","authors":"Anton Kharchevskii , Ildar Yusupov , Dmitry Dobrykh , Mikhail Udrov , Sergey Geyman , Yulia Grigorovich , Alexander Zolotarev , Mikhail Sidorenko , Irina Melchakova , Anna Mikhailovskaya , Pavel Ginzburg","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101327","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-field communication is considered to have a high level of hardware security protection owing to its natural short-range wireless operation, which makes a man-in-the-middle attack impossible. Here we question this statement by demonstrating a several-meter range NFC communication channel, supported by resonance-tuned large-area distributed coils. Typical NFC antenna architectures encompass multi-turn wires, forming flat resonant coils. Being several centimeters across, those devices cannot provide reliable communication between items, situated more than a fraction of a meter apart. An appealing approach to the range extension is to enlarge the coil area, thus spreading the magnetic field over larger distances. However, in this case, the overall length of folded conducting wires becomes wavelength comparable, nevertheless, the overall size of the coil remains electrically small, considering the 13.56 MHz operation frequency. Here we demonstrate several coil designs and establish a reliable NFC channel over several-meter distances. Adaptive impedance matching is implemented to maintain an energy power transfer between resonant coils, thus further extending the communication channel and making it robust to clutter. The ability for long-range NFC communication raises security concerns in sensitive contactless operations like wireless payments, prompting the need for enhanced countermeasures due to potential hardware vulnerabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569441024001020","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Near-field communication is considered to have a high level of hardware security protection owing to its natural short-range wireless operation, which makes a man-in-the-middle attack impossible. Here we question this statement by demonstrating a several-meter range NFC communication channel, supported by resonance-tuned large-area distributed coils. Typical NFC antenna architectures encompass multi-turn wires, forming flat resonant coils. Being several centimeters across, those devices cannot provide reliable communication between items, situated more than a fraction of a meter apart. An appealing approach to the range extension is to enlarge the coil area, thus spreading the magnetic field over larger distances. However, in this case, the overall length of folded conducting wires becomes wavelength comparable, nevertheless, the overall size of the coil remains electrically small, considering the 13.56 MHz operation frequency. Here we demonstrate several coil designs and establish a reliable NFC channel over several-meter distances. Adaptive impedance matching is implemented to maintain an energy power transfer between resonant coils, thus further extending the communication channel and making it robust to clutter. The ability for long-range NFC communication raises security concerns in sensitive contactless operations like wireless payments, prompting the need for enhanced countermeasures due to potential hardware vulnerabilities.
期刊介绍:
This journal establishes a dedicated channel for physicists, material scientists, chemists, engineers and computer scientists who are interested in photonics and nanostructures, and especially in research related to photonic crystals, photonic band gaps and metamaterials. The Journal sheds light on the latest developments in this growing field of science that will see the emergence of faster telecommunications and ultimately computers that use light instead of electrons to connect components.