Zefa Sun, Yang Li, ShenWei Yin, Yu Mao, Yi Zhou, Zhixiang Tang
{"title":"Design and applications of a metasurface supporting chiral quasi-bound state in the continuum: Refractive index sensing and nonlinear harmonic generation","authors":"Zefa Sun, Yang Li, ShenWei Yin, Yu Mao, Yi Zhou, Zhixiang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metasurfaces empowered by quasi-BICs (q-BICs) have been widely employed to enhance chiral optical responses and enable sensing; however, studies that integrate both functionalities within a single design remain limited. In this work, we design a planar q-BIC chiral metasurface consisting of tilted TiO<sub>2</sub> bars with off-center inner holes, placed on a SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate and coated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Numerical simulations demonstrate that this design presents near-perfect circular dichroism (CD>0.99). Beyond exhibiting strong chirality, refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of 75.8 nm/RIU and a remarkable nonlinear CD approaching 1 are achieved with the same metasurface. These findings may provide a versatile platform for applications such as chiral laser generation, precision chiral sensing, and nonlinear optical filtering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal light emitters based on graphene directly grown on chips by etching-precipitation method","authors":"Yui Shimura , Shinichiro Matano , Jumpei Yamada , Suguru Noda , Hideyuki Maki","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene has been actively explored for on-chip nanoscale light sources, due to its small size, high brightness and fast-modulating blackbody radiation sources. However, the productivity problem is that the fabrication processes require a transfer process when mechanically exfoliated or chemical vapor deposited graphene are used, resulting in low productivity and degradation of graphene quality. Here, we fabricated a graphene-based thermal light emitter by using an etching-precipitation method that does not require the transfer process. Infrared and visible light emission was observed from the central constricted area, forming a hot spot. Raman measurements confirmed that defect healing occurred in the central hot spot of graphene due to the annealing effect caused by Joule heating. We also demonstrated that the device has long-term luminescence stability. This light emitter provides a promising avenue for the advancement of on-chip graphene light emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust single photon generation in topological coupled cavity-waveguide QED system","authors":"Kang-Hyok O, Kwang-Hyon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For implementation of large-scale quantum computation, we need on-chip single photon sources compatible with integrated photonic circuits. In particular, robustness of topological photonic systems against structural defects or disorder enables us to obtain reliable operations of photonic devices. In this work, we present a robust single photon source based on the resonant excitation of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot embedded in topological coupled cavity-waveguide system. The emission dynamics of the system is investigated by numerically solving master equation for reduced density matrix of effective cavity quantum electrodynamics system. The results show that single photons can be generated with a purity of about 0.8 and a source brightness of around 11 % under resonant excitation. Compared with non-topological system, the proposed topological source exhibits the single photon emission immune to structural defects. Such a robustness of emission performance is the key advantage of the proposed system over non-topological ones, offering practical applicability for quantum technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengmei Ou , Jiakang Xu , Jiming Wang , Yulian Zhu , Xiaorong Gu , Tong Wu , Youwen Liu
{"title":"Deep learning-assisted focus engineering for metalens design with high numerical aperture cylindrical vector beams","authors":"Shengmei Ou , Jiakang Xu , Jiming Wang , Yulian Zhu , Xiaorong Gu , Tong Wu , Youwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning, in comparison to traditional optimization algorithms, offers significant advantages in addressing complex problems involving multi-dimensional design parameters for the customization of three-dimensional focal fields. In this paper, we present a design method that combines Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory and neural network techniques for achieving the customization of different focal fields. We utilize a Physics-Connected Neural Network (PCNN) to devise a discrete filter with 25 rings for guiding the structure of the all-dielectric metalens, thereby facilitating the inverse design of optical needles, optical tubes, and flat-top light fields with an extended focal depth (>10<em>λ</em>). The results demonstrate that when combined with a physical model, the neural network effectively adapts to diverse design objectives, reduces design complexity, and improves the efficiency of the design process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dyakonov surface waveguide modes in asymmetric interfacial strip waveguide","authors":"D.A. Chermoshentsev , O.V. Borovkova , I.I. Stepanov , I.A. Bilenko , N.A. Gippius , S.A. Dyakov","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a theoretical prediction of Dyakonov surface waveguide modes that propagate along a flat strip interfacial waveguide formed by two anisotropic materials, bounded by metal on one side and air on the other. We demonstrate that due to asymmetric metal/air boundary conditions, surface waves can exist in such a system regardless of the type of optical anisotropy. The asymmetric waveguide with negative anisotropy supports a strongly localized solution, whereas in the case of positive anisotropy, the mode intensity decays slowly with distance from the interface. We also analyze the dispersion and field structure of these waves using perturbation theory in the approximation of weak anisotropy. We demonstrate that, irrespective of the type of optical anisotropy, Dyakonov surface waveguide modes exhibit a high degree of circular polarization, reaching values of ±1 at certain distances from the boundaries. Our results are consistent with numerical simulations using the finite element method. We believe this work opens new opportunities for the experimental investigation of Dyakonov surface waves and their practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-sensitivity refractive index based terahertz metasurface biosensor for detecting multiple cancers and infectious diseases","authors":"Taha Sheheryar , Ye Tian , Bo Lv , Lei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite notable progress, many existing terahertz biosensors rely on expensive materials like noble metals or 2D nanomaterials and are typically restricted to detecting specific biomarkers or single diseases, which limits their specificity, adaptability and real-world clinical utility. This work addresses these limitations by proposing a cost-effective, scalable refractive index based metasurface biosensor design that is composed of Aluminum and Polyimide. Through a dual-resonance mechanism, the sensor captures minute dielectric variations linked to multiple diseases including cancers such as breast, blood and cervical, as well as blood related infections like malaria. Under optimized simulation conditions, the sensor shows a high-Quality Factor exceeding 200, a Figure of Merit of 63.68 RIU⁻¹ and a sensitivity of 3.107 THz/RIU. Beyond its strong performance metrics, the sensor provides a cost-effective and non-invasive detection platform that seamlessly integrates simplicity, adaptability to multiple diseases and high diagnostic precision, advancing the field of early, rapid and accessible diagnostics across a wide range of biomedical applications, especially in resource limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengyang Xu , Dong Lin , Haoyuan Cai , Haoran Wang , Zhichun Fan , Jing Liu , Yushan Chen
{"title":"Mid-infrared band multi-Fano resonance-based sensing of high-Q concave-convex arrays of metasurface with full control of Fano spectral profile","authors":"Mengyang Xu , Dong Lin , Haoyuan Cai , Haoran Wang , Zhichun Fan , Jing Liu , Yushan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a concave-convex array metasurface with a height difference characterized structure is proposed, combining in-plane and out-of-plane asymmetry to achieve a high Q-factor, refractive index sensing, and full control of the Fano spectral profile. Notably, both the concave model and the convex model, can only produce one Fano peak. But it can yield multiple Fano resonance peaks in the mid-infrared band following a simple combination. Herein, we have performed both near-field and far-field analysis for each Fano resonance generation. The designed metasurface achieves a remarkably high Q-factor of 9.63637 × 10<sup>5</sup>. Moreover, it exhibits excellent reflection resonances under different polarization directions. In terms of refractive index sensing, the designed metasurface attains a sensitivity of 600 nm/RIU under TE polarization, while under TM polarization, it achieves full control of the Fano spectral profile by changing the incidence angle. The integration of periodic arrays with height differences in metasurfaces shows tremendous potential in controlling the Fano spectral profile and enhancing sensing capabilities. Additionally, this study will provide new inspirations for the sensing metasurface design with high optical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Alfonso Rodriguez Santana, Mohammad Danaeifar
{"title":"Polarization sensitivity engineering in WS2 metasurfaces governed by quasi-bound states in the continuum","authors":"Amir Alfonso Rodriguez Santana, Mohammad Danaeifar","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bound states in the continuum (BICs) hold significant potential for enhancing light-matter interactions with high quality (Q) factor resonances. Concurrently, tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>), a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), provides a pathway to attain the strong-coupling regime, garnering significant interest from researchers. In this study, we engineer polarization sensitivity in metasurfaces constructed from bulk WS<sub>2</sub> slabs, employing two distinct approaches. Firstly, we synthesize a polarization-sensitive metasurface composed of dual slabs with varying dimensions to achieve symmetry-protected BICs. The rotation of the electric field direction of the incident wave leads to a dramatic change in the transmittance response. Conversely, by considering a quad-slab unit cell, we develop a polarization-independent metasurface that exhibits a unique response to any orientation of the electric field of the incident wave. For both types of metasurfaces, we demonstrate the generation and tuning of quasi-BIC resonances by adjusting the degree of asymmetry. Furthermore, we elucidate how to achieve the strong coupling regime characterized by an anticrossing pattern through scaling the in-plane dimensions of the unit cell. In the strong coupling regime, Rabi splitting exhibits two distinct values of 104.2 meV and 116.8 meV for polarization-sensitive and polarization-independent metasurfaces, respectively. The polarization sensitivity engineering presented herein can be applied across various photonic systems, enabling the development of devices that are either highly sensitive or polarization-independent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjineya K , Don Mathew , Meghna C.H , Vincent Mathew
{"title":"Analysis of refractive index sensor using topological photonic protected edge state in one-dimensional photonic crystal","authors":"Anjineya K , Don Mathew , Meghna C.H , Vincent Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a refractive index sensor designed with a 1D (One-dimensional) topological photonic crystal by merging two 1D photonic crystals, which differ topologically, and introducing a defect layer at the interface of these two photonic crystals. It is designed by finding and analyzing the Zak phase of the photonic crystals, and the results ensure increased sensitivity and quality factor, with the highest figure of merit of 29383.759(<em>RIU</em><sup>−1</sup>). The topologically protected edge state is used for sensing, which guarantees well-defined peaks with sufficient shifts in wavelength even for a minuscule change in analyte refractive index. The change in sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit is studied, and the response to the change in the refractive index is impressive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengchao Wang , Haojun Zhu , Hengyi Fan , Yinmo Xie , Qingzhi Lai , Lanxin Ma
{"title":"Machine-learning-assisted design of energy-saving windows with high near-infrared shielding properties","authors":"Chengchao Wang , Haojun Zhu , Hengyi Fan , Yinmo Xie , Qingzhi Lai , Lanxin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocomposite films based on Cesium tungsten oxide (CWO) and Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles provide a broad space for adjusting the optical properties of energy-saving windows due to their unique near-infrared absorption properties. This property has led to great research interest in the field of energy-saving windows for such materials. The optical properties of energy-saving windows are mainly determined by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the nanoparticles, and thus they are sensitive to the variation of the geometrical parameters of the nanoparticles. Typically, the computational cost of the design of specific optical properties and iterative optimization of the geometrical parameters is expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we combine machine learning and radiative transfer calculations to achieve targeted design energy-saving windows. By adjusting the shape, material, and geometric parameters of nanoparticles, an analysis model can be established from the geometric parameters of nanoparticles to the properties of energy-saving windows. Then, a machine learning model of bidirectional deep neural network is developed to achieve accurate prediction of optical evaluation parameters (visible transmittance (<em>T</em><sub>lum</sub>), near-infrared (NIR) transmittance (<em>T</em><sub>NIR</sub>), solar radiation transmittance (<em>T</em><sub>sol</sub>), and the Figure of Merit (<em>FOM</em>)) for energy-saving windows, as well as inverse design of geometric parameters of nanoparticles (CWO and ITO). The results indicate that our machine learning model achieved forward prediction of energy-saving window optical properties with an accuracy of over 99 % and inverse geometric parameter design with an accuracy of over 93 %. Overall, this work provides a broadly appropriate and computationally efficient method for evaluating and designing the properties of energy-saving windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}