Physical Therapy in Sport最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions and beliefs on sports injury prediction as an injury risk reduction strategy: An online survey on elite athletics (track and field) athletes, coaches, and health professionals","authors":"Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux ,&nbsp;Laurent Navarro ,&nbsp;Joris Chapon ,&nbsp;Jeanne Tondut ,&nbsp;Michael Zyskowski ,&nbsp;Karsten Hollander ,&nbsp;Pascal Edouard","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To explore perceptions and beliefs of elite athletics (track and field) athletes, coaches, and health professionals, towards the use of injury prediction as an injury risk reduction strategy.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>During the 2022 European Athletics Championships in Munich, registered athletes, coaches, and health professionals were asked to complete an online questionnaire on their perceptions and beliefs of injury prediction use as an injury risk reduction strategy. The perceived level of interest, intent to use, help, potential stress (psychological impact) and dissemination were assessed by a score from 0 to 100.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We collected 54 responses from 17 countries. Elite athletics stakeholders expressed a perceived level of interest, intent to use, and help of injury prediction of (mean ± SD) 85 ± 16, 84 ± 16, and 85 ± 15, respectively. The perceived level of potential stress was 41 ± 33 (range from 0 to 100), with an important inter-individual variability in each elite athletics stakeholder's category.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This was the first study investigating the perceptions and beliefs of elite athletics stakeholders regarding the use of injury prediction as an injury risk reduction strategy. Regardless of the stakeholders, there was a high perceived level of interest, intent to use and help reported in this potential strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of bone injuries in elite athletics: A prospective 9-year cohort study","authors":"Shane Kelly ,&nbsp;Anthony Waring ,&nbsp;Ben Stone ,&nbsp;Noel Pollock","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To describe bone injury patterns in elite track and field athletes. To investigate relationships between bone injury and athlete characteristics to inform future injury prevention strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Elite athletics training centres across the United Kingdom and internationally, observed between 2012 and 2020.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>207 Olympic programme senior track and field athletes.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><p>Injury number, Incidence, Severity, Burden, Time Loss.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 78 fractures during the study period. Gradual repetitive bone injuries were the most common type of injury mode. The foot, pelvis and the lumbar spine were the regions with the highest number of bone stress injuries. Stress fractures had a higher burden overall compared to stress reactions. Average return to full training was 67.4 days (±73.1) for stress reactions and 199 (±205.2) days for stress fractures. There was no relationship between bone injury type and age, sex, ethnicity, side dominance or event group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Bone stress injuries in athletics have a high severity and burden warranting continued efforts to prevent their occurrence and optimize management. Age, sex, ethnicity, side dominance and event region do not have any relationship with bone injury occurrence and are therefore unlikely to increase risk in this cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coach perspectives on factors that influence the implementation of injury prevention programs in community netball: A qualitative study","authors":"Michelle D. Smith,&nbsp;Natasha Shi Hui Wee","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The Netball KNEE Program is an injury prevention program (IPP) developed by Netball Australia. It is promoted to coaches, but implementation is limited. This study explored community netball coaches’ perspectives on factors that influence IPP implementation, and ideas on how it could be improved.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-four coaches from 16 netball clubs participated in semi-structured interviews that asked about their beliefs about injury prevention, use of and confidence in delivering IPP, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and suggestions to ease IPP implementation. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two themes were identified – Factors that influence IPP implementation (4 sub-themes), and Suggestions to improve IPP implementation (2 sub-themes). Coaches thought early development of injury prevention habits was important. Life roles, coaching experience and engagement with development courses influenced IPP delivery. Coaches expressed concerns about Netball KNEE program length and complexity and lack of implementation support. They suggested the need for a short simple IPP and engagement with health/exercise professionals for implementation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study engaged with stakeholders to identify barriers that need to be addressed to improve IPP implementation in netball. Coaches desired a short simple standardised IPP, and training from physiotherapists or exercise professionals on implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1466853X24000099/pdfft?md5=a7cc24f2cb8b6eb8d791d6c6ce7f67a2&pid=1-s2.0-S1466853X24000099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139497540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of behavioral and psychological traits with pain sensitivity in females with patellofemoral pain: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Brian J. Eckenrode ,&nbsp;David M. Kietrys ,&nbsp;Allison Brown ,&nbsp;J. Scott Parrott ,&nbsp;Brian Noehren","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between behavioral and psychological traits with indicators of central sensitization in female runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP), and to determine if behavioral and psychological traits improve with strength training.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>University laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Twenty-eight active females (mean age 32 ± 8.1 years) with PFP completed testing at baseline, 8 weeks (post intervention), and 12 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><p><span>Behavioral and psychological questionnaires included the General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionairre-9, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11, and Central Sensitization Inventory. </span>Quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures were also collected. After baseline testing, subjects were instructed in a hip and knee strengthening intervention to be completed twice daily over 8 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A statistically significant improvement was found at 12 weeks for anxiety (p = .015; ηp (Boling et al., 2010) = 0.099) and kinesiophobia (p = .041; ηp (Boling et al., 2010) = 0.076). There was no significant improvement for depression, catastrophizing, or subjective central sensitization. No significant correlations were found between any of the behavioral and psychological questionnaires with baseline QST variables.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>No relationship was found for behavioral and psychological characteristics with QST measures in female runners with persistent PFP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139497989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A international cross-sectional study examining knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussion in Touch","authors":"Samuel W. Oxford ,&nbsp;Neil D. Clarke ,&nbsp;Nick Dobbin","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the current level of knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussion (SRC) amongst key stakeholders in touch rugby.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>An international cross-sectional study. Participants n = 141 (male, <em>n</em> = 88; female, <em>n</em> = 53) from 15 Touch Associations.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measure</h3><p>Online questionnaire including non-validated sections captured participant characteristics, first aid training, previous concussion, awareness of SRC guidelines, combined with Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Distributed online to Touch athletes internationally. Concussion knowledge index (CKI) and attitude index (CAI) scores were calculated. A linear regression was performed to determine whether awareness of concussion, previous concussion and role affected CKI and CAI scores.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Median CKI and CAI scores were 21 ± 2.0 and 67 ± 6.3, respectively, across all key stakeholders. 39% of participants reported a previous SRC and 32% of respondents were aware of concussion guidelines form their Association. Regression analysis showed minimal influence of key contextual information on CKI and CAI.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings suggest that key stakeholders in Touch have high to very high knowledge and safe attitudes towards SRC. However, there were some areas where further improvement could be targeted by those involved in Touch such as individual associations at the direction of the sport's governing body.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1466853X24000087/pdfft?md5=b80e325f50a826551b94bf2dca190fc5&pid=1-s2.0-S1466853X24000087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139497609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation exercise program after surgical treatment of patellar tendon rupture: A case report","authors":"Zhenghe Qiu,&nbsp;Haifeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This case report describes in detail a rehabilitation and exercise program following surgical treatment of patellar tendon rupture<span> and offers postoperative therapeutic goals and recommendations, with the aim of expediting the resumption of activities of daily living and sports participation following the surgical procedure. In addition, this report analyzes the cause of the patellar tendon rupture in this case.</span></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Case report.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>The patient, a 25-year-old male recreational athlete (height: 184 cm; weight: 80 kg; right-hand dominant), experienced a complete rupture of the patellar tendon upon landing on the left lower extremity during an unopposed dribble turn.</p></div><div><h3>Rehabilitation exercise program</h3><p>A well-structured rehabilitation program was implemented. Passive knee flexion range of motion (ROM) exceeded 90° at week 5 and was fully recovered at week 16. A second surgery was performed at week 19 to remove the decompression wires, and the patient progressively resumed basic physical and specialized training at 7 months post-surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><p>Morphometric and functional tests were performed to measure the effectiveness of rehabilitation throughout the postoperative process.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Early surgical repair and an immediate postoperative rehabilitation program have a positive impact on knee ROM, function, and muscle strength. The causes of the patellar tendon rupture in this patient included long-standing uncontrolled patellar tendinopathy, impaired mobility of the ankle and hip joints, poor landing technique, and muscle strength imbalances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical examination tests for adductor- and pubic-related groin pain in athletes with longstanding groin pain: Inter-examiner reliability and prevalence of positive tests","authors":"Willem M.P. Heijboer ,&nbsp;Adam Weir ,&nbsp;Zarko Vuckovic ,&nbsp;Johannes L. Tol ,&nbsp;Per Hölmich ,&nbsp;Andreas Serner","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Evaluate the inter-examiner reliability of pain provocation tests for hip adductors (palpation, stretch and resistance) and for pubic symphysis (palpation) in athletes with longstanding groin pain, and to determine the prevalence of positive tests.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Inter-examiner reliability.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Orthopaedic and sports medicine hospital.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Male athletes with longstanding groin pain.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><p>Inter-examiner reliability, absolute/positive/negative agreement, and the mean prevalence of positive tests for athletes classified with adductor- and pubic-related groin pain were calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 44 male athletes with longstanding groin pain (61 symptomatic sides). The mean age was 29 years (±6) and 70% were soccer players. Inter-examiner reliability was slight to moderate for adductor palpation (Cohen's Kappa statistic(κ)) = 0.02–0.54) and pubic palpation (κ = 0.37–0.45); moderate for the adductor stretch test (κ = 0.50), and fair to substantial for adductor resistance tests (κ = 0.22–0.74). Palpation pain was most prevalent at the adductor longus origin (94%) in athletes classified with adductor-related groin pain.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The inter-examiner reliability of palpation tests varied from slight to moderate. The adductor stretch test had a moderate reliability, and adductor resistance tests a fair to substantial reliability. Adductor longus origin is the main site for palpation pain. Adductor palpation tests not related to the adductor longus have limited inter-examiner reliability. The adductor stretch test did not assist in classifying adductor-related groin pain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1466853X23001554/pdfft?md5=383c7f34e67934b2fd2d9436c87c1191&pid=1-s2.0-S1466853X23001554-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficits in neurocognitive performance in patients with chronic ankle instability during a neurocognitive balance task – A retrospective case-control study","authors":"Alexandre Maricot ,&nbsp;Hortense Corlùy ,&nbsp;Kevin De Pauw ,&nbsp;Elke Lathouwers ,&nbsp;Romain Meeusen ,&nbsp;Bart Roelands ,&nbsp;Jo Verschueren ,&nbsp;Bruno Tassignon","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>To assess the neurocognitive performance while maintaining balance of patients experiencing CAI compared to healthy controls. In patients with CAI, the affected limb was also compared to the </span>contralateral limb.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A retrospective case-control study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Laboratory study.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>We included 27 patients with CAI and 21 healthy controls.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study consisted of two sessions, namely familiarisation and experimentation, which were scheduled with a gap of at least one week between them. During the experimental trial, both groups performed the Y-Balance Test and Reactive Balance Test once on each limb.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><p>The main outcome measures are accuracy and visuomotor response time (VMRT) calculated via video-analysis and with the Fitlight™-hardware and software respectively during the Reactive Balance Test (RBT).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No data was excluded from the final analysis. Patients with CAI exhibited significantly lower accuracy than healthy controls, with a mean difference of 8.7% (±3.0)%. There were no differences for VMRT between groups. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the affected and contralateral limb of the patient group for both accuracy and VMRT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients with CAI showed lower accuracy, but similar VMRT compared to healthy controls during a neurocognitive balance task, indicating impaired neurocognitive function. Patients exhibit comparable speed to healthy individuals when completing neurocognitive balance tasks, yet they display a higher frequency of accuracy errors in accurately perceiving their environment and making decisions under time constraints. Future research should gain more insights in which other cognitive domains are affected in patients with CAI for a better grasp of this condition's underlying mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"66 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and protective factors for shoulder complaints in indoor volleyball players: A comprehensive systematic review","authors":"Júlia Gonzalez Fayão ,&nbsp;Denise Martineli Rossi ,&nbsp;Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This systematic review aimed to answer the question: “What are the risk and protective factors for shoulder complaints (pain, injury, or problem) in indoor volleyball players?”.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Searches were conducted in electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, </span>CINAHL<span>, and SPORTDiscus, as well as reference lists of the included studies. We included studies evaluating potential intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with shoulder complaints in indoor volleyball players of any country, age, sex, and competitive level. The Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The risk factors for shoulder complaints in volleyball players were identified through four prospective studies, which exhibited a moderate to low risk of bias. These factors included previous shoulder pain or injury, playing in outside and opposite positions, subacromial bursa thickening, and having an average external rotator (ER) isokinetic eccentric torque lower than the average internal rotator (IR) concentric torque. Protective factors were enhancing shoulder IR and ER isokinetic eccentric strength, being male sex, being older, and maintaining a concentric strength ratio ER/IR within the 0.60–0.75 range.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This systematic review highlights risk factors that clinicians and researchers should consider when assessing and tracking indoor volleyball players.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139078650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of finger flexion strength and muscular recovery of male lead sport climbers across climbing classes","authors":"Somang Son ,&nbsp;Yongsuk Seo ,&nbsp;Jungjun Son ,&nbsp;Somi Yun ,&nbsp;Dae Taek Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to compare finger flexor strength (FS), finger flexor muscle recovery (FR), and forearm circumference (FC) across three different climbing classes in male lead sport climbers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 37 male lead sport climbers were classified into low (LC), intermediate (IC), and advanced classes (AC) categories according to the International Rock Climbing Research Association (IRCRA) Scale. All participants measured FS three times for both open grip (OG) and crimp grip (CG). Following FS measurement, the FR was observed immediately after the all-out training. The FC was measured twice using an inelastic tape.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The FS differed significantly across climbing classes for both grip styles and hands, regardless of dominant hand, with the higher classes showing greater FS (all, p ≤ 0.001). FR was significantly higher in AC compared to IC and LC at 5 min (all, p ≤ 0.001), 10 min (all, p ≤ 0.005) and 15 min (all, p ≤ 0.005). The FC showed significant differences with climbing classes for both forearms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Climbing classes are associated with differences in FS, with higher class corresponding to greater FS. Similarly, climbing classes are linked to FR and FC, with higher classes being associated with faster recovery and larger FC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}