Physical Therapy in Sport最新文献

Corrigendum to “The peak and impulse of patellofemoral joint force during running are not associated with pain severity or duration in adolescents with patellofemoral pain: An exploratory cross-sectional study” [Physical Therapy in Sport 81 (2026) 101971] “跑步时髌骨关节力量的峰值和脉冲与青少年髌骨疼痛的严重程度或持续时间无关：一项探索性横断面研究”的更正[运动物理治疗81(2026)101971]。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101978

Samual A. Kayll, Rana S. Hinman, Adam L. Bryant, Kim L. Bennell, Patrick L. Rowe, Pei Wei Chi, Scott Starkey, Fiona McManus, David Saxby, Kade L. Paterson

引用次数: 0

Criteria for returning to gymnastics following an upper extremity injury: A scoping review 上肢损伤后恢复体操的标准：范围审查。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101948

Sofie Massa, Dhinu Jayaseelan, Willa Brown

{"title":"Criteria for returning to gymnastics following an upper extremity injury: A scoping review","authors":"Sofie Massa, Dhinu Jayaseelan, Willa Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gymnastics is a unique athletic activity requiring different loading and weight bearing patterns through the entire body, especially the upper extremity (UE). Available literature on return to sport following a UE injury is predominately focused on return to throwing. Criteria regarding athlete appropriateness to return to UE weight bearing is limited. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore return to gymnastics and weight bearing following a UE injury. Computerized searches were performed using online databases. Grey literature, non-medical database sources and relevant study reference lists were manually reviewed. For screening and full-text determinations, two authors independently voted on inclusion based on established eligibility criteria and a third blinded author was used to resolve conflicts. Data related to interventions including any relevant protocols, outcomes, and return to sport criteria were extracted. In total, 1420 titles were retrieved. After duplicate removal, 1000 studies were screened, 40 were retained for final inclusion. Of the included studies, 8 specified return to gymnastics criteria. Limited and low-quality evidence of return to gymnastics following a UE injury was identified. The lack of evidence restricts clinical determination of readiness for return to UE loading making clinical care of gymnasts variable and potentially less effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148383387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immediate effects of ankle brace design on mediolateral postural control and perceived support in young adults with functional ankle instability 踝关节支架设计对年轻成年功能性踝关节不稳定患者中外侧姿势控制和感知支持的直接影响。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101947

Yunqi Tang, Man Huangfu, Xinyue Li, Yihe Ding, Rong Wang, Meixi Li, Yuhong Niu

{"title":"Immediate effects of ankle brace design on mediolateral postural control and perceived support in young adults with functional ankle instability","authors":"Yunqi Tang, Man Huangfu, Xinyue Li, Yihe Ding, Rong Wang, Meixi Li, Yuhong Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the immediate effects of three ankle brace designs—a single-strap ankle brace (SPAB), a figure-eight elastic ankle brace (FEAB), and a semi-rigid ankle brace (SRAB)—on static balance, landing-related postural stability, perceived stability, and comfort in young adults with functional ankle instability (FAI).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Randomised crossover laboratory study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Biomechanics laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty-two young adults with clinically defined FAI (21 unilateral, one bilateral).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Centre-of-pressure sway during single-leg quiet stance, dynamic postural stability indices during single-leg landing, and 100-mm visual analogue scales of perceived stability and comfort. Mediolateral sway velocity (Sway V-ML) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) were prespecified as primary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FEAB reduced Sway V-ML versus unbraced (7.61%, p = 0.013, Cohen's d_av = 0.37) and total sway velocity versus unbraced, SPAB, and SRAB (5.69%–9.25%, all p ≤ 0.037). FEAB also reduced MLSI versus unbraced (10.61%, p < 0.001, d_av = 0.53) and SRAB (8.17%, p = 0.033, d_av = 0.38). Sway-area variables, DPSI, APSI, and VSI showed no significant differences. All braces increased perceived stability, whereas SRAB was least comfortable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FEAB showed modest, direction-specific short-term benefits in mediolateral postural control without reducing comfort, supporting task-specific brace selection in FAI rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148341641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-season risk factors for groin problems in female football players: A prospective cohort study 季前赛女性足球运动员腹股沟问题的危险因素：一项前瞻性队列研究。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101951

Toni Bailén-García, Marcos Quintana-Cepedal, Eduardo Lopez-Perez, Omar de la Calle, Ernest Esteve, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas

{"title":"Pre-season risk factors for groin problems in female football players: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Toni Bailén-García, Marcos Quintana-Cepedal, Eduardo Lopez-Perez, Omar de la Calle, Ernest Esteve, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate pre-season characteristics associated with in-season groin problems and to assess the discriminatory performance of clinical markers using a predictive modelling approach.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Spanish female football (tiers II and III).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Thirty-seven players.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Pre-season assessments included isometric hip adduction (5-s squeeze test), hip mobility (bent-knee fall-out [BKFO]), adductor endurance (Brazilian Adductor Performance Test), HAGOS-Sport scores, and limb length. In-season groin problems were monitored via the OSTRC-O2 questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen players (37%) reported groin problems. Players who developed symptoms were older (g = 0.95), heavier (g = 0.87) and had lower adductor torque (g = −0.72) than uninjured counterparts. Adductor torque asymmetry (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–0.97) and BKFO test (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.94) showed the highest clinical predictive performance. While limb length also yielded high AUC, this requires cautious interpretation due to the sample size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pre-season adductor strength imbalance and hip mobility emerged as relevant indicators of groin problem risk in female football players. These findings highlight the potential utility of individualized screening to identify vulnerable players. However, the small sample size warrants cautious interpretation, and larger cohorts are needed to refine these predictive approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating internal and external focus of attention strategies during return-to-sport tests post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR): Letter to the editor 前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）后恢复运动测试中内部和外部注意力策略的调查：致编辑的信。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101949

Howie J. Carson, Pelin Pişirici, Rosario D'Onofrio, Maurizio Bertollo, Dario Pompa

引用次数: 0

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with dynamic multidirectional therapeutic exercise for chronic ankle instability: Effects on neuromuscular activation and functional outcomes 神经肌肉电刺激联合动态多向治疗性运动治疗慢性踝关节不稳定：对神经肌肉激活和功能结果的影响。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101950

Laura Obeng-Frimpong, Damian A. Coleman, Daniel T.P. Fong, Samantha L. Winter

{"title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with dynamic multidirectional therapeutic exercise for chronic ankle instability: Effects on neuromuscular activation and functional outcomes","authors":"Laura Obeng-Frimpong, Damian A. Coleman, Daniel T.P. Fong, Samantha L. Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the effects of a 4-week dynamic, multidirectional therapeutic exercise (TEx) programme alone versus TEx combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Randomised intervention study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty physically active adults with CAI.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Participants were randomised to either a TEx group or an NMES group. Both groups completed the same 4-week dynamic, multidirectional therapeutic exercise programme, while the NMES group received bilateral peroneal stimulation during exercise sessions. Outcomes included the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), the Lower Quadrant Y-Balance Test (LQ-YBT), and lower-limb muscle activation latency during inversion-simulation and drop-jump tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups improved CAIT scores post-intervention (p < 0.001), although only NMES maintained improvements at follow-up (p < 0.001). NMES demonstrated greater reductions in inversion-related muscle activation latency across multiple muscles, including tibialis anterior and peroneus longus (p < 0.05). Within-group improvements in posteromedial, posterolateral, and composite LQ-YBT scores were observed in the TEx group (p < 0.05). Drop-jump outcomes demonstrated variable changes between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NMES combined with TEx may improve the timing of neuromuscular activation during inversion-simulation tasks, while TEx showed within-group improvements in some dynamic balance outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The association between biological maturity and injury in young females participating in sport: A systematic review 生物学成熟度与年轻女性运动损伤之间的关系：一项系统综述。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.08.007

Anja Zoellner, Chris Whatman

{"title":"The association between biological maturity and injury in young females participating in sport: A systematic review","authors":"Anja Zoellner, Chris Whatman","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Injuries in youth sport remain a concern. Biological maturity has been linked to injury risk but there is limited female specific evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the evidence for an association between biological maturity and injury in young females participating in sport.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted using EBSCO Health database from inception until April 2025. Studies were included if they investigated females in any sport and reported an assessment of biological maturity status and either injury rate or potential factors associated with injury. Study quality and risk of bias and the strength of evidence for findings was determined based on the consistency and quality of studies.</div></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><div>31 studies (n = 10 reporting injury; n = 21 reporting risk factors) were included in the review. Evidence supporting an association between injury and maturation was limited. There is moderate evidence of an association between potential injury risk factors and maturation. Most evidence is in the context of lower limb biomechanics during jump/landing tasks and potential risk of knee injury.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current evidence for a link between maturity status and sport related injury in young females is limited, however there is moderate evidence that maturity status is associated with potential knee injury risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel clinic-friendly test protocol to assess quadriceps strength symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction 评估前交叉韧带重建后股四头肌力量对称性的一种新的临床友好试验方案。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101942

Axel Sundberg, Johan Högberg, Rebecca Hamrin Senorski, Ramana Piussi, Kristian Samuelsson, Roland Thomeé, Eric Hamrin Senorski

{"title":"A novel clinic-friendly test protocol to assess quadriceps strength symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","authors":"Axel Sundberg, Johan Högberg, Rebecca Hamrin Senorski, Ramana Piussi, Kristian Samuelsson, Roland Thomeé, Eric Hamrin Senorski","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the reliability and validity of a clinic-friendly protocol using a weight-based knee extension (WBKE) machine to assess quadriceps symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, compared to isokinetic dynamometry (IKD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional reliability and validity study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Orthopedic rehabilitation and sports medicine clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Seventy-four individuals (aged 16–50 years) between 6 and 14 months post-ACL reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC) and validity (limb symmetry index, Pearson's correlation, linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis) of WBKE compared to IKD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The WBKE test showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94–0.98). The limb symmetry index was 90.6% ± 12.4% for IKD and 87.5% ± 12.5% for WBKE, with a mean difference of −3.16% (95% CI: −4.8 to −1.5, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis indicated 95% limits of agreement from 8.31% to −14.63%. The correlation between WBKE and IKD was strong (r = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94, p < 0.001), supported by linear regression (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.79, p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The WBKE test demonstrated excellent reliability and strong validity for assessing quadriceps symmetry post-ACL reconstruction. It offers a practical, accessible alternative to isokinetic testing for monitoring strength recovery in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mindset, Effort, and Support—the foundation for patients’ decision to return to sport after an anterior cruciate ligament injury. A qualitative analysis from the NACOX Cohort 心态、努力和支持——前交叉韧带损伤后患者决定重返运动的基础。NACOX队列的定性分析。

IF 2.3 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101946

Marita L. Harringe, Sofi Sonesson, Hanna Tigerstrand, Joanna Kvist

{"title":"Mindset, Effort, and Support—the foundation for patients’ decision to return to sport after an anterior cruciate ligament injury. A qualitative analysis from the NACOX Cohort","authors":"Marita L. Harringe, Sofi Sonesson, Hanna Tigerstrand, Joanna Kvist","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore what determines patients’ decisions to return to sport (RTS) after an ACL-injury, treated with or without reconstruction (ACLR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective multicentre cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>275 patients with acute ACL-injury treated according to clinical practice were followed.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measure</h3><div>Answers to the free-text question: “What determined your decision to RTS?”, analysed using qualitative content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>134 patients reported RTS and 112 of these (56% after ACLR), answered the question. A total of 271 meaning units were condensed into 50 codes, nine subcategories, and three categories: “motivation and driving forces”, “treatment and recovery”, “medical clearance and readiness”, with the overarching theme “mindset, effort, and support—the foundation for patients' decision to RTS”. Answers were similar regardless of ACL treatment (ACLR or not). Passion for sport and willpower were strong motivators, outweighing shortcomings and fears. Structured rehabilitation, combined with patients' engagement, hard work, self-perceived readiness, and support from surrounding personnel, including medical clearance, were other factors influencing patients’ decision to RTS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The theme, capturing the key components “mindset, effort, and support”, summarises what determined patients’ decisions to RTS. This may help clinicians identify what to emphasise during the long and demanding process from injury to RTS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 101946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148341649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of high-pressure versus low-pressure blood flow restriction resistance exercise in individuals with lower limb musculoskeletal injuries and persistent pain: a randomised controlled trial 高压与低压血流限制阻力运动对下肢肌肉骨骼损伤和持续性疼痛患者的影响：一项随机对照试验

IF 2.2 3区医学

Physical Therapy in Sport Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101920

Luke Gray , Russell J. Coppack , Robert Barker-Davies , Robyn P. Cassidy , Alexander N. Bennett , Nick Caplan , Gavin Atkinson , Lauren Bradshaw , Luke Hughes , Peter Ladlow

{"title":"The effects of high-pressure versus low-pressure blood flow restriction resistance exercise in individuals with lower limb musculoskeletal injuries and persistent pain: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Luke Gray , Russell J. Coppack , Robert Barker-Davies , Robyn P. Cassidy , Alexander N. Bennett , Nick Caplan , Gavin Atkinson , Lauren Bradshaw , Luke Hughes , Peter Ladlow","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2026.101920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Compare the efficacy and acceptability of low load blood flow restriction (BFR) using two different limb occlusion pressures (LOP) on pain and function in individuals with lower-limb musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) and associated persistent pain.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Randomised controlled trial within a military residential rehabilitation setting.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty-eight individuals (N = 21 male; N = 7 female) with lower-limb MSKI were randomly allocated into: 1) BFR-RE with 80% LOP (BFR80), or 2) BFR-RE with 40% LOP (BFR40). Both groups completed 7x BFR-RE sessions during 5-days of residential rehabilitation at 20% 1-repetition maximum.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>The primary outcome measure was the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Secondary outcomes include injury-specific outcomes, pain pressure threshold (PPT) and lower-limb muscle strength assessment. All reported outcomes reflect changes in scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BPI ‘worst’ displayed a time × group interaction (<em>p</em> = .013), driven by higher pain in BFR80 from pre-to post-intervention (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 1.532, <em>p</em> = .006). There was a significant time × group interaction for BPI ‘severity’ (<em>p</em> = .022), driven by significant between-group differences at T3 (BFR80-BFR40: SMD = 1.305, <em>p</em> = .015). PPTs improved within-session and over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both pressures demonstrated cumulative exercise-induced hypoalgesia via rising PPTs. BFR80 reported increased ‘worst’ pain score. Lower LOP may better preserve training volume and exercise tolerability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0