Physical Therapy in Sport最新文献

{"title":"Kinesiophobia is associated with lower extremity landing biomechanics in individuals with ACL reconstruction","authors":"Alyssa Volz ,&nbsp;Justin L. Rush ,&nbsp;David M. Bazett-Jones ,&nbsp;Amanda M. Murray ,&nbsp;Grant E. Norte","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate relationships between patient-reported outcomes and lower extremity biomechanics associated with risk for second ACL injury among individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Research laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>20 individuals with primary, unilateral ACLR (10 female, age = 20.1 ± 2.0 years, median time from surgery = 29.6 [IQR = 9.1–53.3] months).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Participants completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey. Three-dimensional biomechanics were evaluated at peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and as peak kinematic and kinetics within the first 100 ms of landing from a drop vertical jump.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher TSK-11 scores associated with lesser hip flexion angles (<em>r</em> = −.723, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), lesser knee flexion angles <em>(r</em> = .561, <em>P</em> = .010), and greater internal knee abduction moments (ρ = −.606, <em>P</em> = .005) at peak vGRF. These relationships remained significant when correcting for multiple tests and controlling for time from surgery and biological sex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Kinesiophobia, but not self-reported knee function or health-related quality of life, is associated with aberrant landing biomechanics when the largest magnitudes of vertical force were applied to the knee. Individuals with greater kinesiophobia may adopt a stiffer landing profile with increased medial knee compartment loading, potentially increasing risk for second ACL injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of subsequent soccer-specific tasks on sidestep cutting kinematics and kinetics","authors":"Tatsuya Kono ,&nbsp;Wataru Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Yoshitsugu Tanino","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sidestep cutting (SSC), a common method in soccer, frequently causes anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study examined the effects of a soccer-specific movement task performed after a SSC on the kinematics and kinetics of the SSC.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The participants performed SSC with a 90° change of direction in the following three conditions: running straight after SSC (Normal condition), kicking the ball after SSC (Kick condition), and jumping and heading after SSC (Heading condition).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty healthy adult males with experience in soccer participated in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Three-dimensional knee angles, moments, and ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics during the SSC were compared across conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The knee valgus angle at foot contact and peak knee valgus moment of the supporting leg during <span>SSC</span> were significantly greater in the Normal condition compared to the Heading condition. Significant differences in GRF characteristics were mainly observed in braking impulse, propulsion impulse, and peak posterior GRF between conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The <span>SSC</span> movement strategy should be a form that supports the efficient accomplishment of the subsequent task. Moreover, the Normal condition resulted in a posture more prone to non-contact ACL injury than the Heading condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of augmented feedback on landing mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in collegiate females compared to healthy controls","authors":"Pedro Zavala ,&nbsp;Becky Heinert ,&nbsp;Grace Rudek ,&nbsp;Drew N. Rutherford ,&nbsp;J.W. Matheson ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Kernozek","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze if immediate visual and verbal feedback influenced landing mechanics during single and dual-task conditions in recreationally active females with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) compared to healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Motion Laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>33 college-aged females with two to five years status post-ACLr and 33 matched health controls.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>30 Drop landings were performed over one single session with immediate post-trial feedback followed by a retention trial on peak vGRF and symmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) during drop landing from a 50-cm platform and loading rate (LR) normalized to body weight.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For peak vGRF, there was a time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task trials. Based on baseline, post-test, and transfer tasks, there was a significant group-by-time interaction between the ACLr and a healthy group. For peak vGRF asymmetry, there was no time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task trials. There was a significant group effect for peak vGRF asymmetry. Total LR did not show a time effect from baseline, post-test, and transfer task. The ACLr group demonstrated higher LR compared to the health group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results demonstrated a reduction in peak vGRF and asymmetry in vGRF during drop landings with the inclusion of augmented feedback. The ACLr group demonstrated higher LR than the control group. Rehabilitation specialists may be able to incorporate targeted feedback as an intervention to help resolve landing asymmetries following ACLr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of open kinetic chain exercises during the first weeks of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Vincent Fontanier,&nbsp;Marion Vergonjeanne,&nbsp;Pauline Eon,&nbsp;Arnaud Bruchard,&nbsp;David Laplaud","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are the gold standard for rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises may provide benefits, but their use in the early stages remains controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the effect of OKC exercises during the first weeks of rehabilitation after ACL-R.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines from inception to April 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS I and RoB-2 tools. The changes in outcomes from pre-to post-intervention were quantified using standardized mean differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, the methodological quality was low and the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time (PICOT) criteria were heterogeneous. However, OKC was found to have beneficial effects on patient reported outcomes (PROMs), strength, function, and return to play, especially when performed at least four weeks after surgery in rehabilitation programs that began with CKC exercises.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The evidence suggests that OKC exercises may provide benefits and no adverse effects in the early stages of rehabilitation after ACL-R, particularly when initiated after CKC exercises. These findings are consistent with current clinical practice guideline recommendations for the inclusion of OKC in rehabilitation programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoulder injuries in amateur soccer players. An exploratory cross-sectional survey","authors":"Paola Bagnoli ,&nbsp;Francesco Ferrarello ,&nbsp;Fabio Pini ,&nbsp;Duccio Rossi ,&nbsp;Matteo Paci","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence, incidence of players reporting shoulder injuries in a non-probability sample of Italian amateur soccer players. We also wanted to explore the characteristics of injuries, predictive factors and differences between men's and women's leagues.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Anonymous online survey.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Adult athletes playing on a first team of the Italian National Amateur Soccer League.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Period prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of players reporting shoulder injuries over a soccer season.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-one out of 431 respondents reported shoulder injuries. The pooled period prevalence was 12.0% (95%CI [9, 15]), with an incidence of .46 (95%CI [.35, .60]) injured/1000 h of players exposure. Goalkeepers were more likely to be injured than outfield players (OR 5.15, 95%CI [2.27, 11.25]). The injury type stated was mainly contusion (<em>n</em> = 22, 43.1%). Among those reporting injuries, thirty-four (66.6%) respondents stated 0–7 days as time loss from sport activity, with no significant difference due to role (<em>p=</em>.161)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shoulder injuries have a relatively low impact on the participation of adult amateur players in soccer activities. Technical and medical staff need to monitor players after an injury to the shoulder in order to provide appropriate training, prevention of complications and educational programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of a two-plane qualitative assessment tool for a single leg HOP task amongst multidisciplanary sports medicine practitioners","authors":"Lauren Butler ,&nbsp;Ashley Erdman ,&nbsp;Alexa Martinez ,&nbsp;Dai Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Joseph Janosky ,&nbsp;Sophia Ulman","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the reliability of a qualitative assessment of trunk and lower extremity alignment during a single hop for distance in youth athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Repeated measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five healthy female youth athletes were recorded performing a single leg hop (SLH). Videos were viewed and scored using a qualitative assessment tool by a physical therapist (PT), Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS), and Athletic Trainer (AT), on two separate occasions. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each item and total score were calculated with a 2-way mixed-effect model with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The tool demonstrated moderate intra-rater reliability for the total score (PT ICC = 0.74, CSCS ICC = 0.60, AT ICC = 0.71). Individual item intra-rater reliability ranged from poor to good for the PT (−0.06-0.80), poor to moderate for the CSCS (0.35–0.70), and poor to good for the AT (0.43–0.83). Total score inter-rater reliability was moderate in round one and poor in round two (ICC = 0.57 and ICC = 0.49, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Moderate intra-rater reliability and poor to moderate inter-rater reliability amongst a PT, CSCS, and an AT was demonstrated. Future studies should explore the tool's reliability amongst a more homogenous group of raters to better determine its utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running biomechanics in people with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: A cross-sectional analysis of sex differences and relationships with patient reported outcome measures","authors":"Guilherme V. da Costa ,&nbsp;Benjamin F. Mentiplay ,&nbsp;Matthew G. King ,&nbsp;Joanne L. Kemp ,&nbsp;Kay M. Crossley ,&nbsp;Sally L. Coburn ,&nbsp;Denise M. Jones ,&nbsp;Danilo de Oliveira Silva ,&nbsp;Marcella F. Pazzinatto ,&nbsp;Richard T.R. Johnston ,&nbsp;Mark J. Scholes","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>(i) Investigate if lower-limb running biomechanics differ between women and men with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, and (ii) explore whether sex-specific relationships between lower-limb running biomechanics and symptom severity and sport-related concerns exist.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Gait laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty women and 22 men enrolled in a clinical trial of physiotherapist-led treatments for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Kinematics and kinetics of hip, knee, and ankle joints during the stance phase (calculated from three-dimensional biomechanics data) were compared using statistical parametric mapping. The International Hip Outcome Tool-33 and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcomes Score quantified hip-related symptom severity and sport-related concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women had larger hip adduction angles (34%–44% of stance,p = 0.045) than men. For kinetics, women displayed larger external hip extension moments (77%–100%,p = 0.001), smaller knee extension moments (80%–100%,p = 0.007), and smaller ankle dorsiflexion moments (26%–67%,p &lt; 0.001) than men. Worse sport-related concern was associated with a larger peak hip extension angle (0.18, 95%CI 0.05,0.31) and smaller hip flexion moment impulse (0.14∗10^–2, 95% CI 0.02∗10^–2,0.25∗10^–2) in women, and smaller hip external rotation moment impulse in men (0.06∗10^–2, 95% CI 0.01∗10^–2,0.11∗10^–2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Women and men with FAI syndrome display differences in lower-limb running biomechanics and relationships between symptom severity and running biomechanics are sex-dependent, warranting consideration in future analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of tendinopathy on the sports career: Epidemiological and clinical profile of high-performance athletes","authors":"Lucas Rafael Lopes ,&nbsp;Daniel Escorsim Machado ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Araújo Goes ,&nbsp;Marcus Vinícius Galvão Amaral ,&nbsp;Francisca Dias ,&nbsp;Valéria Tavares ,&nbsp;Rui Medeiros ,&nbsp;Jamila Alessandra Perini","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the prevalence of tendinopathy and describe the predictive factors of condition and chronic tendon pain in high-performance athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Sports training centers and competitions.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Federated high-performance athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Tendinopathy and chronic tendon pain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of all recruited athletes, 30.6% had a confirmed diagnosis of tendinopathy. Tendinopathy prevalence was 36.5% in athletes with extremely high training exposure index (TEI), compared to 21.9% in those with low TEI (<em>p</em> = 0.03). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of tendinopathy sites between the sport modalities, TEI classification and sex. Almost 60% had chronic tendon pain, 48% had required a break from training, and 19% reported that the condition affected two or more tendons. Being older than 25 years (OR = 3.5; 95%CI = 2.0–6.2), female sex (OR:0.5; 95%CI:0.3–0.9) and receiving nutritional guidance (OR:1.7; 95%CI:1.3–2.4) were identified as factors associated with tendinopathy. Protection from chronic tendon pain was associated with male sex (OR:0.6; 95%CI:0.3–0.9) and nutritional guidance (OR:0.5; 95%CI:0.3–0.9).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reports the difference of tendinopathy prevalence according to sexes stratified by TEI classification. Chronic tendon pain was associated with female sex, lack of nutritional guidance, and more than three episodes of condition manifestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study on the effects of multimodal cervical exercise training on clinical concussion risk factors in female athletes","authors":"Brooke J. Thompson,&nbsp;Lauren J. Lattimer","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective of the current study was to examine whether a 7-week multi-modal cervical training intervention was effective in improving sport related concussion risk factors in female varsity athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A quantitative experimental research design involving a prospective exercise intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventeen female athletes (age 19.5 ± 1.42 years) attended two data collection sessions (i.e., baseline and post-testing) involving assessments in anthropometrics, isometric and dynamic neck strength, and balance control. The intervention group (n = 8) participated in a seven-week multi-modal neuromuscular training program for the cervical musculature. The control group (n = 9) was not provided with external training aside from what was performed within their sports team which was not cervical spine specific.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The intervention group experienced significant improvements in neck-girth, flexor-extensor strength ratio, cervical muscular endurance, isometric and dynamic strength, and balance control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that the intervention was effective in improving clinical measures related to concussion risk. Prior research suggests that improved size, strength, endurance, symmetry, and postural control, improve an athlete's ability to stabilize the head. This improved stability may cause athletes to have reduced motion of the head following a concussive load, consequently reducing SRC risk but should be investigated further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of force generation in isometric hip adductor strength exercises: Introducing the weighted isometric Copenhagen Adduction exercise","authors":"Ciaran O' Connor ,&nbsp;Eddie Coyle ,&nbsp;Martin Mc Intyre ,&nbsp;Eamonn Delahunt ,&nbsp;Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare maximal isometric force generation between hip adductor long-lever squeeze, the Copenhagen Adduction (CA) exercise with body-mass only, and the weighted isometric CA exercise, in rugby union players.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Club training facility.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Forty-four male, rugby union players.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Maximum isometric hip adduction squeeze strength in the long-lever testing position, in addition to maximum isometric force data in the isometric CA exercise, and the weighted isometric CA exercise with increasing load.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significantly greater (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) torque (Nm/kg) was observed in athletes when performing a weighted isometric CA exercise with: 105% body-mass (0.22Nm/kg, +6.8%), 110% body-mass (0.44Nm/kg, +13.1%), 120% body-mass (0.80Nm/kg, +22.6%), 130% body-mass (1.16Nm/kg, +31.3%), 140% body-mass (1.58Nm/kg, +40.8%) and 150% body mass (1.96Nm/kg, +48.3%), in comparison to the isometric CA exercise, with large effect size (ES = 1.372–5.196). Significantly greater torque was also observed when compared to the isometric hip adduction long-lever squeeze exercise, with large effect size (ES = 2.022–4.091). Twenty-nine athletes reached one maximum isometric repetition in weighted isometric CAs at either 130% body-mass (n = 16) or 140% body-mass (n = 13).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The weighted isometric Copenhagen Adduction exercise demonstrates greater force output than the isometric CA and the long-lever squeeze.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}