Physical Therapy in Sport最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the use of digital technology for injury prevention and self-management among recreational runners","authors":"Kathleen Walker,&nbsp;Nicola Phillips,&nbsp;Liba Sheeran","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Explore digital technology use among recreational runners in Wales and assess attitudes toward a proposed digital intervention for running-related injury (RRI) prevention and self-management.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Exploratory survey.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Online questionnaire, closed questions distributed to runners over a 7 week period.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Recreational runners living in Wales (N = 232).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Data analysed descriptively. Inferential analysis conducted via IBM SPSS v25. Pearson's Chi square and logistic regression applied to assess effects of age, sex, and weekly mileage on technology use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>97% of participants reported using digital technology to monitor training, primarily through running watches (45.1%) and smartphone apps (37.6%). Pearson's chi square indicated that younger (18–24 years) and less experienced runners (3 months–2 years) were more likely to use multiple apps. Runners felt these technologies did not offer realistic advice for RRI prevention or self-management. Most runners (84.5%) were interested in the proposed intervention. Runners wanted to see injury advice, exercises to improve running and a diagnostic feature within the proposed intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Digital technologies are widely used by recreational runners but are not perceived as useful for injury prevention/self-management. There is therefore an opportunity to develop tailored, evidence-based digital interventions for RRI prevention and self-management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of anti-pronation and anti-supination taping on neuromuscular control in recreational athletes with Achilles Tendinopathy: A randomized controlled cross-over trial","authors":"Tongzhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilin Zhao ,&nbsp;Roger Adams ,&nbsp;Peter Malliaras ,&nbsp;Jeremy Witchalls ,&nbsp;Weijie Fu ,&nbsp;Jia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the effects of different directions of athletic taping on neuromuscular control of the lower limb in recreational athletes with Achilles tendinopathy (AT).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Crossover Study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Functional assessment laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Thirty recreational athletes with AT.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Participants were randomly treated with anti-pronation taping, anti-supination taping, or no-taping. Under different taping conditions, neuromuscular tests were performed in random order: ankle proprioception Active Movement Extent Discrimination Assessment (AMEDA), Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT), single leg hop test, figure-of-eight hop test and Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with no-taping, both anti-pronation taping and anti-supination taping significantly improved AMEDA proprioception test scores (p &lt; 0.001,η_p² = 0.466), figure-of-eight hop performance (p &lt; 0.001,η_p² = 0.307), unilateral LEFT scores (p &lt; 0.001,η_p² = 0.448), and may reduce risk of lower limb injury in recreational athletes with AT (p &lt; 0.001,η_p² = 0.432). Taping significantly reduced WBLT values (p &lt; 0.001,η_p² = 0.259) but had no significant effect on single leg hop test scores (p = 0.139). Importantly, no difference between the two taping conditions was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both directions of athletic taping were equally effective in improving ankle proprioception, lower extremity functional performance, and reducing the risk of injury in athletes with AT, but had no significant effect on lower limb explosive strength and were associated with significantly reduced ankle dorsiflexion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation and assessment practices following anterior cruciate ligament injury: A survey of Australian physiotherapists","authors":"Peter K. Edwards ,&nbsp;Katrina Leembruggen ,&nbsp;Chelsea Peers ,&nbsp;Martin Lindahl ,&nbsp;Yee Xi Law ,&nbsp;Mick Hughes ,&nbsp;Mark Gibson ,&nbsp;Jay R. Ebert","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the current beliefs and practices among Australian physiotherapists regarding the management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Online survey.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Australian physiotherapists.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><div>The survey assessed beliefs and practices regarding non-operative management, ACL reconstruction, pre- and post-operative rehabilitation, and return to sport (RTS) criteria. Frequencies and percentages summarized survey responses, and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests assessed whether beliefs and practices were influenced by experience (≤6 years or &gt;6 years) and annual caseload (&lt;6 or ≥6 patients).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 419 physiotherapists were included, with 367 completing the survey in its entirety. Most physiotherapists (86.8%) consider non-surgical management alternatives for patients. Two-thirds (59.8%) recommend a minimum of 9–12 months before RTS, emphasizing recovery of knee strength (93.9%) and psychological readiness (93.9%). Of those who assessed strength, 32.5% use manual muscle testing, and 37.4% assess strength from hop testing. The 63.5% of respondents who reported barriers to implementing best practice ACL management, cited lack of resources (69.1%) and patient non-compliance (67.8%) as the most common reasons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This survey of Australian physiotherapists showed alignment with evidence-based ACL guidelines but highlighted differences from international practices and variations by experience and caseload.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee proprioception four months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Impact of limb dominance, anterolateral procedure, and association with readiness to return to sport","authors":"Joffrey Drigny ,&nbsp;Marine Rolland ,&nbsp;Marion Remilly ,&nbsp;Henri Guermont ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Reboursière ,&nbsp;Christophe Hulet ,&nbsp;Antoine Gauthier","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Knee proprioception may be compromised after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but associated factors and impact remain unclear. This study evaluated knee proprioception 4 months after primary ACLR, compared with healthy controls, and explored the impacts of leg dominance, anterolateral procedures (AEAPs), and their association with psychological readiness to return to sports.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included 30 ACLR participants and 20 healthy controls. Isokinetic testing measured knee strength and proprioception, using passive joint position sense (JPS1: detection, JPS2: repositioning) and kinesthesia (threshold to detection of passive motion). At 8 months, ACLR participants completed the ACL-RSI scale to assess psychological readiness to return to sports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 4 months postoperative, kinesthesia was better in the operated limb than the non-operated limb (p = 0.008), but position sense did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences in kinesthesia or position sense between ACLR participants and controls. The operated limb had worse JPS2 if the ACLR was on the non-dominant side. Proprioception was unaffected by AEAPs, and only repositioning showed a moderate, non-significant correlation with ACL-RSI (r = −0.377).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>At 4 months post-ACLR, kinesthesia improved in the operated leg; dominance influenced position sense, highlighting the need for personalized rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength, mobility, and functional outcomes 2.5 months after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Joévin Burnel ,&nbsp;Thomas Chamu ,&nbsp;Nicolas Bonin ,&nbsp;Joachim Van Cant ,&nbsp;Benoit Pairot De Fontenay","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Short-term deficits after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) remain poorly understood. We assessed muscle strength, hip range of motion, and functional task performance 2.5 months after surgery and analyzed their association with self-reported function.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>52 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Maximal isometric strength (hip flexion with both straight and flexed hip/knee, abduction and external rotation), hip range of motion (flexion, external and internal rotation), and functional tasks (bipodal/unipodal squat, bilateral vertical jump, single-leg distance hop). Between-limb differences were analyzed using paired t-tests, and the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The operated hip showed lower hip flexion strength (LSI = 88.4%; ES = −0.549; p &lt; 0.001) and reduced range of motion (LSI = 75.4–92.4%; ES = −0.479 to −1.02; all p &lt; 0.01) compared to the non-operated hip. Functional task performance did not differ between operated and non-operated hips (all p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients showed alterations in hip flexion strength and range of motion post-surgery, but functional task performance was unaffected. Targeted assessment and intervention may be needed to improve outcomes after surgery for FAIS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported injury in ultra-endurance participants with a focus on knee injuries: An exploratory cross-sectional comparative study of running, cycling, and triathlon","authors":"Zoe Weir ,&nbsp;Jade Allen ,&nbsp;Holly Davidge ,&nbsp;Andrew Hulton ,&nbsp;Jeanette M. Thom ,&nbsp;Harry M. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the frequency and location of reported injuries among ultra-endurance participants competing in different sports.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Ultra-endurance runners, cyclists and triathletes were recruited via a social media advertisement to participate in a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire asked for information on demographics, competition history, training characteristics, and self-reported injury. Descriptive analyses and prevalence rates were calculated to determine differences between sports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 258 participants (age:46 ± 11 years; 33% female), 129 (50%) self-reported an injury within the past 12 months. Despite high frequency of reported injury, only 10% of injuries resulted in ‘severe’ pain and 7% resulted in stopping participation. The lower extremity, and specifically the knee, ankle and foot, were the most common injury locations. Prevalence ratios for injury over the past 12 months was similar across running, cycling, and triathlon, with no statistically significant differences. However, cyclists demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of knee injuries since starting ultra-endurance participant compared to runners after adjusting for covariates (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.15–2.28, p = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ultra-endurance participants self-report a considerable number of lower extremity injuries, yet this is similar across sports, and both the level of pain and impact on performance impact is generally low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isometric and isokinetic hip strength in males with chronic ankle instability and its relationship with dynamic balance and self-reported instability","authors":"Maciej Olszewski ,&nbsp;Joanna Golec ,&nbsp;Bartosz Zając ,&nbsp;Piotr Krężałek","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate isometric and isokinetic hip strength as well as dynamic balance in males with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and explore potential associations between hip strength, dynamic balance, and self-reported instability.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>University laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Fifty male participants (25 with CAI and 25 healthy controls).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Hip isometric and isokinetic torque normalized to body weight, Lower Quarter Y-balance Test (YBT-LQ), the Polish version of The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-PL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were observed only in the hip isometric abductors/adductors strength ratio (p = 0.034, ES = 0.65), which was lower in the CAI group. CAI participants showed reduced dynamic balance in posterolateral reach (p = 0.006, ES = 0.92) and composite score of YBT-LQ (p = 0.012, ES = 0.91). There was a moderate positive correlation between dynamic balance and hip abductors strength during posteromedial (r = 0.40, p = 0.049) and posterolateral (r = 0.40, p = 0.048) YBT-LQ reaches, and isometric hip abductors strength moderately positively correlated with self-reported instability (r = 0.46, p = 0.021) in the CAI group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Males with CAI exhibit deficits in frontal plane hip isometric strength, specifically in the hip abductor/adductor ratio, while no deficits were observed in isokinetic strength. The relationships between hip abductors strength, dynamic balance, and self-reported ankle instability may suggest the importance of hip abductors isometric strength for functional outcomes in CAI-patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of the Athletic Shoulder test in asymptomatic and symptomatic overhead racquet athletes","authors":"Michelle Schellekens,&nbsp;Filip Struyf,&nbsp;Noa Verheyen,&nbsp;Jonas Pittoors,&nbsp;Claudia Cavaggion","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Assessing intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test using a force plate in asymptomatic and symptomatic overhead racquet athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Within-session, intra- and inter-rater reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Physiotherapy practice in Belgium.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Forty-two overhead racquet athletes (21 asymptomatic, 21 symptomatic with shoulder complaints), all playing tennis, badminton, and/or padel for at least 4 h weekly.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Intra- and inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), standard errors of measurement, minimum detectable change, and agreement (Bland-Altman plots).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ASH test demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability among asymptomatic (ICC 0.93–0.98) and symptomatic athletes (ICC 0.91–0.98) in all positions (I,Y,T). Inter-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent (asymptomatic: ICC 0.80–0.95, symptomatic: ICC 0.79–0.91).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The ASH test demonstrated excellent reliability for single-rater use, supporting its utility for assessing isometric strength in overhead racquet athletes, with or without shoulder complaints. In the asymptomatic group, excellent inter-rater reliability was observed in the Y and T positions. In the symptomatic group, only the non-dominant T position showed excellent inter-rater reliability, making consistent use of a single rater preferable in this population. Future applications may aid injury rehabilitation and return-to-play protocols in sports medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do coaches want? Exploring the preferences of youth rugby union coaches for education in the implementation of injury prevention programmes","authors":"Lauren Guilfoyle ,&nbsp;Tom Comyns ,&nbsp;Kieran O’Sullivan ,&nbsp;Ian C. Kenny","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore youth Rugby Union coaches’ preferences for education and support in the implementation of injury prevention programmes (IPPs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve Rugby Union coaches involved with youth teams participated in five online focus groups. Conventional content analysis was used to determine preferences initially from transcripts, and thereafter main categories, generic categories and sub-categories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coach preferences were organised into three main categories: ‘formal/non-formal learning', ‘informal learning’, and ‘intrapersonal considerations’. The generic categories of ‘logistics’, ‘content’ and ‘resources’ featured substantially in coach preferences for education. Coaches prefer live structured group workshops in the pre-season period, which focus on the development of implicit knowledge. To do this, coaches prefer practical opportunities for coaching within the education session. In support of this education, coaches want resources (both physical and video) which assist in session planning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The preferences of youth Rugby Union coaches towards <span>IPP</span> education and support are similar to that of other coaching domains. A live practical workshop held in the pre-season is preferred, although facilitator preferences varied. A mismatch is evident between coach preferences for IPP education and what is currently being offered through NGB coach education therefore further exploration of NGB perspectives is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Season changes in performance of upper limbs and trunk in para swimmers","authors":"Geronimo José Bouzas Sanchis ,&nbsp;Renan Alves Resende ,&nbsp;Paula de Farias Fernandes Martins ,&nbsp;Samuel Silva ,&nbsp;Marco Túlio de Mello ,&nbsp;Yasser Alakhdar Mohmara ,&nbsp;Andressa Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate upper limb performance, trunk extensor endurance, and serratus anterior strength in para swimmers over a sports season.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cohort study conducted over eleven months.</div></div><div><h3>Settings</h3><div>Three assessments were performed at pre-season, mid-season, and post-season, evaluating the CKCUEST, Sorensen Test, and isometric strength of the serratus anterior.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twelve para swimmers from a sports center.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Generalized Mixed Models were used to assess seasonal changes and the influence of sex, age, type of impairment, and season phase. Coefficients of variation for each variable were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a 5% significance level.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sorensen Test values decreased during the season (C: 22.0; CI: 33.9 to −10.4; p &lt; 0.01). A serratus anterior isometric strength difference was observed post-season between para athletes with motor impairments and those with visual/intellectual impairments on the dominant side (C: 3.3; CI: 6.2 to −0.5; p = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sorensen Test values declined in mid-season, and para athletes with motor impairments showed lower serratus anterior strength in post-season. CKCUEST values remained stable throughout the season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}