化学进展最新文献

{"title":"AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENGHAMBATAN ENZIM α-AMILASE DARI ALGA (Eucheuma spinosum)","authors":"Nadya P.P. Mames, Edi Suryanto, Lidya Irma Momuat","doi":"10.35799/cp.15.2.2022.46236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.15.2.2022.46236","url":null,"abstract":"Di Indonesia alga merupakan spesies yang sudah dibudidayakan dan digunakan sebagai bahan pangan sumber karagenan dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-amilase dari alga yang diekstraksi dengan metode sokletasi menggunakan pelarut petrolium eter, etil asetat, etanol dan metanol. Ekstrak alga diuji kandungan total fenolik, aktivitas penyerapan glukosa secara in-vitro dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-amilase. Hasil analisis kandungan fenolik adalah ekstrak etil asetat (EEA) sebesar 29,75 μg/mL, sedangkan yang terendah adalah ekstrak etanol (EE) sebesar 28,44 μg/mL. Tingginya kandungan fenolik pada ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan bahwa bahwa senyawa fenol merupakan senyawa yang bersifat semi polar-polar. Hasil penyerapa glukosa secara in vitro pada konsentrasi 50 dan 100 mM EPE memiliki kemampuan yang paling rendah disetiap konsentrasi jika dibandingkan dengan EEA, EE dan EM. Hasil pengujian dari aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-amilase berturut-turut EPE sebesar 97,11%, EEA sebesar 89,63%, EE sebesar 89,11% dan EM sebesar 95,85%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak alga (Eucheuma spinosum) memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap glukosa dan menghambat aktivitas enzim α-amilase.","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135601204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH FOTOOKSIDASI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL","authors":"Frenly Wehantouw, Matheda K Roreng","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37288","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) merupakan produk olahan kelapa tanpa pemanasan. VCO merupakan produk yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menguji aktivitas antioksidan Virgin Coconut Oil yang diberikan pencahayaan. Sistem fotooksidasi menggunakan kota cahaya yang dimodifikasi menggunakan lampu fluorescen. Fotooksidasi VCO menggunakan eritrosin sebagai sensitizer. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode penangkalan radikal bebas DPPH, selanjutnya nilai IC50 ditentukan menggunakan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi VCO maka aktivitas antioksidan akan semakin tinggi, nilai IC50 sebesar 12,02%. Aktivitas antioksidan Virgin Coconut Oil yang dicahaya selama 7 jam mengalami menurunan menjadi 96,13%. Larutan VCO yang mengandung eritrosin mengalami penurunan absorbansi sebesar 0,121 selama proses fotooksidasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini ialah cahaya menyebabkan reaksi fotooksidasi sehingga menurunkan aktivitas antioksidan VCO.ABSTRACT Virgin Coconut Oil is a coconut processed product without heating. VCO is a product that has antioxidant activity. The research objective was to test the antioxidant activity of Virgin Coconut Oil under lighting. Photooxidation system using a modified light box of fluorescent light, while its antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, the IC50 value was determined using probit analysis. The results showed that the higher the VCO concentration, the higher the antioxidant activity. Antioxidan activity of Virgin Coconut Oil that is exposed to light decreased to 96.13%. The absorbance of VCO solution containing erythrosine as sensitizer decreased to 0.121 due to photooxidation. The conclusion of this study is that light will cause a photooxidation reaction, thereby reducing the antioxidant activity of VCO.","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PAKOBA MERAH (Syzygium sp.) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES DENGAN METODE TES TOLERANSI GLUKOSA PERORAL","authors":"Ahlan Sangkal","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37175","url":null,"abstract":"Buah pakoba merah memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif ekstrak etanol buah pakoba merah serta uji antidiabetes ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksinya. Identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dilakukan dengan cara maserasi dan pengujian metabolit sekunder serta pemantauan pola pemisahan senyawa dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Pengujian antidiabetes dilakukan melalui uji in vivo dengan metode tes toleransi glukosa peroral (TTGO) pada kelompok hewan uji. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan senyawa bioaktif buah pakoba merah mengandung senyawa alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Hasil pemantauan pola pemisahan senyawa menunjukkan pola pemisahan yang hampir sama antara Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-heksan, Fraksi EtOAc dan Fraksi n-Butanol sedangkan Fraksi Air menunjukkan hampir tidak terbentuk pola pemisahan. Hasil uji antidiabetes menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak EtOH, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi EtOAc, fraksi BuOH dan fraksi H2O dengan pembanding glibenklamid memiliki kemampuan sebagai antidiabetes ditinjau dari jumlah selisih penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada kelompok hewan uji dari T30 sampai T150. Penurunan rata-rata kadar glukosa darah kelompok kontrol sebesar 55,67 mg/dL, kelompok GB 116,66 mg/dL, kelompok ekstrak EtOH 100 mg/dL, kelompok fraksi n-heksana 100 mg/dL, kelompok fraksi EtOAc 110 mg/dL, kelompok fraksi BuOH 102,67 mg/dL dan kelompok fraksi H2O 94,33 mg/dL.ABSTRACT Pakoba merah fruit contains bioactive compounds that can be used as antidiabetic. This purpose of the research to identify bioactive compounds of the ethanol extract of pakoba merah fruit as well antidiabetic test of the extract and their fractions. Identification of bioactive compounds was carried out by maceration and secondary metabolite testing as well monitoring pattern separation of compounds using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antidiabetic testing was carried out through an in vivo test using the oral test tolerance glucose (TTGO) method in the test animal group. The identification results showed that the bioactive compounds of pakoba merah fruit contained alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin. The results of monitoring pattern separation of compounds show that separation pattern was almost same between Ethanol Extract, n-hexane Fraction, EtOAc Fraction and n-Butanol Fraction while the H2O Fraction showed almost no separation pattern.The results of the antidiabetic test showed that the EtOH extract, n-hexane fraction, EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction and H2O fraction with comparisons of glibenclamide had the ability to act as antidiabetic in terms of the difference in the decrease in blood glucose levels in the test animal groups from T30 to T150. The average decrease in blood glucose levels in the control group was 55.67 mg/dL, the GB group was 116.66 mg/dL, EtOH extract group was 100 mg/dL, the n-hexane fraction group was 100 mg/dL, EtOAc fr","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72485938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLA INFRAMERAH ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA HASIL PEMURNIAN MENGGUNAKAN ASAM","authors":"Vistarani Arini Tiwow, M. J. Rampe, H. L. Rampe, Anastasya Apita","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37191","url":null,"abstract":"Kelapa merupakan salah satu tanaman industri yang memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Bagian kelapa yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi adalah tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola spektrum inframerah arang hasil pemurnian menggunakan asam klorida, asam asetat, dan asam nitrat. Tempurung kelapa dipirolisis pada suhu ± 300oC selama 2 jam selanjutnya dilakukan pemurnian dengan tiga jenis pelarut yaitu HCl, CH3COOH, dan HNO3. Karakter masing-masing arang hasil pemurnian tersebut dianalisis menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak pita serapan dengan peningkatan intensitas yang signifikan menggunakan asam klorida (HCl). Karakteristik struktur arang karbon teridentifikasi dengan munculnya gugus fungsi C=O dan C=C.ABSTRACT Coconut is one of the industrial plants that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. The part of coconut that has a high economic value is the coconut shell. This study was aimed to examine the infrared spectrum pattern of charcoal purified using hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and nitric acid. Coconut shell was pyrolyzed at a temperature of ± 300oC for 2 hours and then purified with three types of solvents, namely HCl, CH3COOH, and HNO3. The character of each refined charcoal was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The FTIR spectrum showed the absorption band peaks with a significant increase in intensity using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The structural characteristics of carbon charcoal were identified by the appearance of C=O and C=C functional groups.","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73555940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STABILITAS WARNA EKSTRAK DAUN BAYAM MERAH DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM SEDIAAN KRIM TABIR SURYA","authors":"E. Suoth, Suryana Sumantri, Erladis Rumondor, Putri Margaretha, Missyeling Saerang, Tifani Tifani","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37113","url":null,"abstract":"Warna yang terkandung pada daun bayam merah merupakan salah satu golongan flavonoid yaitu antosianin. Pewarna alami sangat baik untuk kesehatan, selain untuk mewarnai makanan ataupun kosmetik untuk menambah estetika suatu produk serta memiliki aktivitas farmakologi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat stabilitas ekstrak daun bayam yang menggunakan tiga macam pelarut yaitu etanol-asam sitrat 1%, etanol-asam tartrat 1% serta pelarut etanol. Stabilitas ekstrak di uji terhadap panas yang berkelanjutan kemudian diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim untuk melihat efektivitas sediaan krim tersebut sebagai tabir surya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak menurun dengan adanya pemanasan dan hal tersebut terlihat juga pada sediaan krim dimana efektivitas sediaan krim sebagai tabir surya menurun dengan adanya pemanasan. Pengujian efektivitas sebagai tabir surya semua ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas yang baik khususnya pada transmisi pigmentasi (%TP) sedangkan pada transmisi eritema (% Te) ekstrak dan krim dengan pelarut etanol menunjukkan efektivitas terbaik dengan kategori sunblock.  ABSTRACTThe color contained in red spinach leaves is one of the flavonoid groups, namely anthocyanins. Natural dyes are very good for health, in addition to coloring food or cosmetics to add to the aesthetics of a product and have good pharmacological activity. This study aims to determine the stability of spinach leaf extract using three kinds of solvents, namely 1% ethanol-citric acid, 1% ethanol-tartric acid and ethanol solvent. The stability of the extract was tested against continuous heat and then formulated in a cream preparation to see the effectiveness of the cream preparation as a sunscreen. The results showed that the levels of active compounds in the extract decreased with heating and this was also seen in cream preparations where the effectiveness of cream preparations as sunscreen decreased with heating. Testing the effectiveness as sunscreens of all extracts showed good activity, especially in the transmission of pigmentation (%TP) while the transmission of erythema (%Te) extracts and creams with ethanol solvent showed the best effectiveness in the sunblock category. ","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88292973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK SEKUENSIAL DAGING BUAH PALA SEBAGAI AGEN HIPOGLIKEMIK UNTUK PENYERAPAN GLUKOSA","authors":"Auliya Rizky Harjono Paijo, Rebecca Teisha Indriawan, Marsel Refanli Karisoh, Adinda Putri Maharani Susmantoyo, E. Suryanto, M. Runtuwene","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37114","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes adalah salah satu penyakit kronis yang paling umum terjadi pada manusia, yang ditandai dengan kekurangan insulin yang menyebabkan peningkatan glukosa darah secara terus-menerus serta perubahan metabolisme lipid dan protein. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa buah pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) menunjukkan beberapa aktivitas yaitu sitotoksik, hepatoprotektif, antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antitrombotik, hipolipidemia, antiaterosklerotik, hipoglisemik dan antidiabetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak daging buah pala sebagai agen hipoglisemik. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daging buah pala dapat digunakan sebagai agen hipoglisemik. ABSTRACT Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in humans, which is characterized by insulin deficiency which causes persistently elevated blood glucose and changes in lipid and protein metabolism. Several studies have reported that nutmeg exhibits several activities, namely cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, hypoglycemic and antidiabetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of nutmeg pulp extract as a hypoglycemic agent. The method used in this research is in vitro testing. The results obtained indicate that the extract of nutmeg pulp can be used as a hypoglycemic agent.","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85825888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL Fe3O4–POLIETILEN GLIKOL (PEG) 6000 DARI PASIR BESI PANTAI HAIS SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd)","authors":"Gabriel Dinnydio Tatinting, Henry F. Aritonang, Audy D. Wuntu","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37192","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis nanopartikel Fe3O4 dari pasir besi pantai Hais dengan metode kopresipitasi dan digunakan sebagai adsorben logam kadmium (Cd). Dalam sintesis nanopartikel tersebut digunakan polietilen glikol (PEG) 6000 sebagai agen penstabil ukuran partikel. Nanopartikel yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) dan Scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan PEG 6000 dapat mempengaruhi ukuran partikel Fe3O4 yang dihasilkan. Selanjutnya nanopartikel Fe3O4-PEG 6000 dianalisis kemampuannya sebagai adsorben logam Cd menggunakan spektofotometer serapan atom (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan nanopartikel Fe3O4-PEG 6000 dalam menyerap logam Cd lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan nanopartikel Fe3O4 tanpa penambahan PEG 6000.ABSTRACK A research has been carried out on the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the iron sand of Hais beach using the coprecipitation method and the material was used as an adsorbent for Cadmium (Cd) metal. In the synthesis of these nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used as a particle size stabilizer. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results showed that the addition of PEG 6000 could affect the particle size of Fe3O4 produced. Furthermore, Fe3O4-PEG 6000 nanoparticles were analyzed for their ability to adsorb Cd2+ ion using Atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the ability of Fe3O4-PEG 6000 nanoparticles to adsorb Cd2+ ion was better than that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles without the addition of PEG 6000.","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEMISAHAN ZIRKONIA (ZrO₂) DARI PASIR ZIRKON BANGKA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALKALI FUSION DAN LEACHING ASAM KLORIDA","authors":"Gita Afriza, V. A. Fabiani, Sabrina Saraswati","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.39029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.39029","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan pemisahan zirkonia dari pasir zirkon Bangka menggunakan metode peleburan alkali dan pelindian asam klorida yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu peleburan terhadap persentase zirkonia dan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari pasir zirkon Bangka setelah diesktraksi. Proses peleburan dilakukan dengan mereaksikan sampel zirkon dengan NaOH dimasukkan kedalam tungku pada suhu 700 ℃ dengan variasi waktu peleburan 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 120 dan 180 menit. Proses ini kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pencucian menggunakan akuades sebanyak 250 ml dengan pengadukan dan pemanasan menggunakan pelat pemanas pengaduk magnet selama 1 jam dengan kecapatan 180 rpm pada suhu 80 ℃, disaring, dan residunya dilindi dengan HCl 37% sesuai dengan langkah pencucian dengan akuades. Filtrat dari pelindian dengan HCl kemudian diambil dan diendapkan dengan NH4OH 12,5% dan selanjutnya diklasinasi dengan tungku pada suhu 700 ℃ sampai kering. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRF dan XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu optimum peleburan adalah pada waktu 30 menit. Dilihat dari data karakterisasi XRF dan XRD, fasa yang terbentuk yaitu tetragonal dengan persentase zirkonia sebesar 65% dan kadar Zr dalam zirkonia sebesar 42,72%.ABSTRACT The separation of zirconia from Bangka zircon sand was conducted using the alkaline fusion method and hydrochloric acid leaching which aims to determine the effect of fusion time on the percentage of zirconia and to determine the characteristics of Bangka zircon sand after extraction. The fusion process was done by reacting zircon samples with NaOH in a furnace at a temperature of 700 oC with various fusion times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. This process was then followed by washing using 250 mL of distilled water by stirring and heating using a hot plate magnetic stirrer for 1 hour at a speed of 180 rpm at 80 oC, filtered, and the residue was leached with 37% HCl according to the washing step with distilled water. The filtrate from leaching with HCl was then precipitated with 12.5% NH4OH and then calcined in a furnace at 700 oC to dry. The extraction results were then characterized using XRF and XRD. The results showed that the optimum melting time was 30 minutes. According to the XRF and XRD characterization data, the formed phase was tetragonal with a zirconia percentage of 65% and a Zr content of 42.72% in zirconia.","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89271992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KANDUNGAN SERAT PANGAN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI KULIT SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta)","authors":"Evanda Sakalaty, E. Suryanto, Harry S. J. Koleangan","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.38960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.38960","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ukuran partikel terhadap kandungan serat pangan dan aktivitas antioksidan dari tepung kulit singkong yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu mikronisasi, ekstraksi dan karakterisasi. Parameter yang digunakan adalah komposisi proksimat, serat pangan, hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin, karakteristik gugus fungsi, krisnilitas, aktivitas antioksidan dan kapasitas penghambat ion nitrit. Hasil karakterisasi dengan X-ray diffraction menunjukan bahwa derajat kristalinitas tepung kulit singkong yang berukuran 50 mesh (KS-5); 100 mesh (KS-10) dan  200 mesh (KS-20) berturut-turut adalah 57,41; 55,42 dan 56,26%. Spektra FT-IR sampel KS-20, KS-10 dan KS-5 menunjukkan adanya serapan yang kuat pada gugus OH (3402,43; 3433,29 and 3425,58 cm-1), sedangkan pada daerah serapan 3000-2840 cm-1 menunjukan vibrasi C-H dari selulosa yang mengidenikasikan kehadiran senyawa polisakarida. Ketiga sampel memiliki bilangan gelombang yang sama dan tidak terjadi perubahan yang signifikan selama proses mikronisasi. KS-5 menunjukkan kandungan hemiselulosa lebih tinggi daripada KS-10 dan KS-20, tetapi memiliki kandungan selulosa dan lignin lebih rendah daripada KS-10 dan KS-20. Kandungan SPTL dan SPL dalam serat meningkat 1,26-1,30 kali setelah pengurangan ukuran partikel dalam serat tepung kulit singkong. Hasil kandungan total fenolik menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak KS-20 memiliki senyawa fenolik tertinggi daripada ekstrak KS-10 dan KS-5. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa KS-20 memiliki aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas dan penghambatan ion nitrit dibandingkan dengan ekstraks KS-10 dan KS-5.ABSTRACT  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size on dietary fiber content and antioxidant activity of cassava peel flour extracted with ethanol solvent. This research consisted of 3 stages, namely micronization, extraction and characterization. The parameters used were proximate composition, dietary fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, functional group characteristics, crisnility, antioxidant activity and nitrite ion inhibitory capacity. The results of the physical characterization with X-ray diffraction showed that the degree of crystallinity of cassava peel flour with a size of 50 mesh (KS-5); 100 mesh (KS-10) and 200 mesh (KS-20) were 57.41; 55.42 and 56.26%, respectively. FT-IR spectrum analysis of samples KS-20, KS-10 and KS-5 showed a strong absorption of the OH group (3402.43 cm-1; 3433.29 cm-1, 3425.58 cm-1), while in the absorption of 3000-2840 cm-1 showed CH vibrations of cellulose which indicated the presence of polysaccharide compounds. The three samples have same wave number and there is no significant change during the micronization process. The IDF and SDF contents in fiber sample increased of 1,26-1,30 fold after reduce particles size of cassava peel flour. The results of phenolics total content showed that the KS-20 extract has higher phenolic than KS-1","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82265023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALISIS SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA, FARMAKOKINETIK DAN TOKSIKOLOGI PADA PERICARPIUM PALA (Myristica fragransa) SECARA ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","authors":"Surya Sumantri Abdullah, Purnawan Pontana Putra, Irma Antasionasti, Gerald Rundengan, E. J. Suoth, Rezky Putri Indarwati Abdullah, Fatamorgana Abdullah","doi":"10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37112","url":null,"abstract":"Pala (Myristica fragransa) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang menunjukkan aktivitas farmakologi. Namun, bagian perikarpium terutama bagian nonvolatil belum banyak dilaporkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini sebagai screening awal dengan melihat potensi dari senyawa yang dihasilkan perikarpium pala.Dua belas senyawa digambar dua dimensi, dianalisis menggunakan software dan server prediktor. Software yang digunakan adalah Marvin Sketch, ChembioDraw kemudian dianalisis sifat fisikokimia senyawa tersebut. Selanjutnya, server predictor untuk melihat karakteristik farmakokinetika dan toksisitasnya. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisikokimia senyawa terbaik yaitu licarin (titik didih, titik kritis temperature dan refraksi molar), guaiacin (titik leleh), dan virolane (titik kritis tekanan). Hasil analisis Lipinski menunjukkan senyawa stigmasterol dan b-sitosterol tidak memenuhi kriteria Lipinski.. Selain itu data farmakokinetika menunjukkan stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, asetoneoglinan memiliki kelarutan dalam air yang rendah. Nilai permeabilitas CaCO-2 dan intestinal absorption semuanya memenuhi. Licarin termasuk substrat P-glikoprotein. Volume Distribusi menunjukkan semua senyawa terikat protein serum. b-sitosterol permeabilitas terhadap sawar darah-otak yang paling baik dan erythro-(7S,8R)-∆8’-7-acetoxy-3,4,3’,5’-tetramethoxy-8-O-4’-neolignan permeabilitasnya buruk. Surinamensin menunjukkan permeabilitas terhadap sistem saraf pusat yang tidak dapat berpenerasi. Elemicin dan surinamensin tidak dimetabolisme oleh enzim sitokrom CYP3A4. B-sitosterol memiliki klirens paling tinggi. Semua senyawa menunjukkan tingkat toksisitas yang rendah untuk penggunaan kulit (kecuali elemicin) dan tidak toksik bagi hati.ABSTRACT Nutmeg (Myristica fragransa) contains secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activity. However, the pericarpium, especially the nonvolatile part, has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was as an initial screening by looking at the potential compounds produced by the nutmeg pericarp. Twelve compounds were drawn in two dimensions, analyzed using software and predictor servers. The software used is Marvin Sketch, ChembioDraw and then the physicochemical properties of these compounds are analyzed. Furthermore, the predictor server to see the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity. Based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the best compounds, compound licarin (boiling point, critical point of temperature and molar refractivity), guaiacin (melting point), and virolane (critical point of pressure). The results of Lipinski's analysis showed that stigmasterol and b-sitosterol compounds did not meet Lipinski's rule. In addition, pharmacokinetic data showed that stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, acetoneoglinan had low solubility in the water. The values of CaCO-2 permeability and intestinal absorption were all satisfactory. Licarin is a P-glycoprotein substrate. The Volume Distribution shows all the compositions of","PeriodicalId":49662,"journal":{"name":"化学进展","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84290199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}