{"title":"The development of pre-registration occupational therapy student perceptions of research and evidence-based practice: A Q-methodology study.","authors":"Tanya Rihtman, Mike Morgan, Julie Booth","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2391318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2024.2391318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pedagogically sound curricula are needed for occupational therapy (OT) students to adopt evidence-based practice (EBP) principles and internalise EBP within their professional identities. Exploring students' perceptions of this knowledge area can contribute to effective curriculum design.</p><p><strong>Aims/objectives: </strong>To explore the evolution of pre-registration OT student perceptions of research and EBP over the course of their engagement with undergraduate teaching and learning.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Q-sort approach synthesises different viewpoints regarding a sample of statements, using by-person factor analysis (respondents = variables; statements = sample). Final year pre-registration OT students completed the same Q-sort at three timepoints (pre-dissertation [<i>n</i> = 18]; post-dissertation submission [<i>n</i> = 12]; post-student research conference [<i>n</i> = 6]). Q-sort responses were intercorrelated and factor-analysed; extraction of factors with an eigenvalue of ¬>0.9 and varimax rotation identified majority viewpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant factors were revealed at each timepoint: 1a: 'Evidence-inseparable from OT practice', 1b: 'Research for research's sake-inseparable from the occupational therapy identity', 2: 'Who am I to question the gurus?', 3: 'I can do it with confidence…but so what?'</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Opportunities for completing 'authentic' student research projects, with 'ownership' of results, may enhance research and EBP confidence and professional identity.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Findings expand current knowledge regarding effective use of pre-registration educational opportunities to support future research and EBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kine Strømstad, Lisebet S Skarpaas, Sturla I Haslerud, Yeasir A Alve, Jan Sandqvist, Randi W Aas
{"title":"Exploring return to work barriers through the lens of model of human occupation. The NOW WHAT project.","authors":"Kine Strømstad, Lisebet S Skarpaas, Sturla I Haslerud, Yeasir A Alve, Jan Sandqvist, Randi W Aas","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2023.2297732","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11038128.2023.2297732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The challenges of returning to work after sickness absence demands a wide conceptual understanding of what hinders the employee's work participation. Thus, there is a need to know more about self-perceived barriers for Return to Work (RTW).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate RTW barriers experienced by employees on long-term sick leave, through the lens of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was a large-scale qualitative interview study (<i>n</i> = 85) using semi-structured telephone interviews. Eligible participants had received sick leave benefits for between 6 months and 1.5 years. The data were analysed with quantitative and qualitative content analysis. A deductive approach using the MOHO concepts guided the analysis process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study generated 941 coded meaning units describing barriers for RTW, of which we were able to code 895 within the framework of MOHO. In the <i>person-specific concepts,</i> performance capacity barriers were most often described (<i>n</i> = 303), followed by volitional barriers (<i>n</i> = 165) and barriers related to habituation (<i>n</i> = 66). Barriers related to the <i>environmental components</i> amounted to 361. Barriers in the occupational environment was dominant (<i>n</i> = 214).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Experienced barriers related to both environmental components and person-specific concepts.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The habituational and volitional perspective on barriers can contribute to the identification and communication of performance capacity-related barriers not previously identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabet Capdevila, Mariona Portell, Eva Penelo, María Rodríguez-Bailón
{"title":"Measurement properties of the Spanish COPM in older adult rehabilitation inpatients.","authors":"Elisabet Capdevila, Mariona Portell, Eva Penelo, María Rodríguez-Bailón","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2377175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2024.2377175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To analyse the measurement properties of the Spanish version of the COPM (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) in older adult rehabilitation inpatients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 172 users from 17 inpatient care facilities for older adults (47% nursing homes) participated in a quantitative prospective study. We examined validity by correlating the COPM with the Barthel Index (BI), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL), the EuroQol-five domains-three level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), and the Client-Centred Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ) and by examining associations with demographic variables. Reliability was evaluated through test-retest and responsiveness through differences in change scores in two types of care facilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants prioritised 637 occupational performance problems, mainly in the area of self-care (70.5%). The COPM scale scores were significantly correlated with BI, IADL, EQ-5D-3L (except the pain dimension), and CCRQ (except the family involvement and continuity dimensions). COPM scores did not show statistically significant differences concerning educational level. Regarding reliability, high test-retest correlations were obtained (>.80). Nursing home users showed less responsiveness to rehabilitation than other users (change score < 2 vs. > 2 points).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and significance: </strong>The Spanish COPM provides satisfactory measurement properties as a client-centred instrument in older adult rehabilitation inpatient.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maintaining autonomy: How older persons with chronic conditions and their significant others interpret, navigate, and overcome everyday difficulties.","authors":"Thomas Ballmer, Brigitte Gantschnig","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2023.2249959","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11038128.2023.2249959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vast majority of older adults live in their own homes. Many of them live with chronic conditions that lead to activity limitations and participation restrictions. To support them adequately, we need to better understand how they cope with everyday difficulties.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify and examine difficulties in everyday life older people with chronic conditions who live in private homes face and how they and their significant others interpret, navigate, and overcome these difficulties.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a focus group interview with 10 participants including eight older adults with chronic conditions and two of their significant others. We then transcribed the interviews verbatim and thematically analysed them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We generated the three closely interrelated themes <i>struggling not to lose control, a shifting balance between resources and environmental challenges,</i> and <i>negotiating independence and interdependence</i>. Participants interpreted the difficulties they faced as multicausal. Their main goal was maintaining autonomy, agency, and a positive identity. They employed individual, creative strategies to achieve these goals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older persons with chronic conditions prioritise autonomy and agency in order to maintain a positive identity.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Interventions to support older persons with chronic conditions should centre their priorities and build on their creativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10184408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina Tomra Nielsen, Marie Bangsgaard Bang, Marc Sampedro Pilegaard, Vita Hagelskjær, Eva Ejlersen Wæhrens
{"title":"Perspectives on content and delivery of the ABLE 1.0 intervention programme.","authors":"Kristina Tomra Nielsen, Marie Bangsgaard Bang, Marc Sampedro Pilegaard, Vita Hagelskjær, Eva Ejlersen Wæhrens","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2394644","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2394644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The occupational therapy intervention programme ABLE 1.0 was designed to enhance the ability to perform activities of daily living in persons living with chronic conditions. There is a need to determine if content and delivery of the ABLE 1.0 are acceptable among occupational therapists (OTs) and clients after having delivered or received the programme, respectively.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The paper reports on evaluation of content and delivery of the ABLE 1.0 among OTs and clients. This, in terms of acceptability of intervention in principle, and perceived value, benefits, harms, or unintended consequences of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with OTs having delivered and clients having received ABLE 1.0 in a Danish municipality. Content analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Two OTs and three clients participated. Analyses revealed six categories related to content and delivery; 'Overall perception of the programme'; 'Potential for implementation'; 'Evaluation, goal setting and clarification of reasons for ADL task performance problems'; 'Intervention: compensatory solutions'; 'Format and duration' and 'Preconditions for delivery'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and significance: </strong>The findings provided valuable information used for further development of the ABLE programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elin Granholm Valmari, Jesper Andersson, Anna Johansson, Ulla Nygren
{"title":"Defining the complexities of an occupational pattern-A concept analysis and theoretical validation.","authors":"Elin Granholm Valmari, Jesper Andersson, Anna Johansson, Ulla Nygren","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2362840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2024.2362840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The concept of an occupational pattern in occupational therapy and occupational science has evolved with varying definitions, ranging from activity patterns to patterns of daily occupation.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to explore the concept of occupational pattern, develop an updated definition of the concept, and theoretically validate the concept's definition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used, where both theoretical frameworks and peer-reviewed scientific literature were searched and synthesized to clarify and define the concept. Furthermore, seven occupational therapists theoretically validated the concept.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The analysis included forty-nine references from various research contexts and theoretical perspectives. The synthesis yielded a conceptualization of the concept of occupational pattern, outlining it into three overarching categories: 'content in an individual's occupational pattern', 'designing an occupational pattern', and 'balancing the occupational pattern'.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>An updated operational definition of the multifaceted concept of an occupational pattern now exists, with practical implications for enhancing the education of occupational therapy students and guiding the utilization of the concept. Moreover, it holds significance for instrument development and outcome measurement in research; especially in lifestyle intervention studies within the field of occupational therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tore Bonsaksen, Amayra Tannoubi, Linda Stigen, Astrid Gramstad, Tove Carstensen, Gry Mørk
{"title":"Study approaches mediate associations between learning environment and academic performance.","authors":"Tore Bonsaksen, Amayra Tannoubi, Linda Stigen, Astrid Gramstad, Tove Carstensen, Gry Mørk","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2385043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2024.2385043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While study approaches have been directly associated with students' academic performance, learning environment factors may play a more indirect role. The aim of this study was (i) to assess learning environment factors as predictors of students' average exam grades, and (ii) whether study approaches mediated associations between learning environment factors and exam grades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three annual surveys (2017-2019) yielded data from a total of 263 Norwegian occupational therapy students. Learning environment factors were assessed with the Course Experience Questionnaire, and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students were used to assess study approaches. Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher levels of 'student autonomy' were directly associated with lower averaged grades whereas higher levels of 'appropriate workload' were associated with higher averaged grades. There were statistically significant total indirect effects of 'clear goals' and 'appropriate workload' on grades; these effects occurred through the study approach variables. However, all learning environment variables showed one or more relationships with academic performance that was mediated by study approach variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Learning environment variables appear to be complexly associated with academic performance, both directly and indirectly.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Bergin, Bryan Boyle, Margareta Lilja, Maria Prellwitz
{"title":"'Finding the play' - exploring with occupational therapists practice possibilities in the context of Irish schoolyards.","authors":"Michelle Bergin, Bryan Boyle, Margareta Lilja, Maria Prellwitz","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2361649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2024.2361649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research has identified diverse constraints to the adoption of school-based occupational therapy approaches and a lack of attention to addressing the barriers to children's play opportunities. Critical contextualised research is advocated to inform practice possibilities.</p><p><strong>Aims/objectives: </strong>This inquiry aimed to explore with occupational therapists their existing practices in Irish schoolyards to generate practice possibilities concerned with play, as an issue of occupational justice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using the theory of practice architectures, six occupational therapists from diverse sites of practice participated in the first phase of a critical action research process using dialogical focus group and occupational mapping methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes were generated (1) Existing practices as situated (2) (Re)mattering play and practices as occupations and (3) Practice possibilities - 'Finding the play' between responsiveness and responsibilities. A further interrelated dimension was how the research methods provided mechanisms of raising consciousness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions, and significance: </strong>Alongside constructing knowledges on existing practices in an Irish context, this inquiry contributes to understandings of practices as socially embedded generative processes of 'finding the play', highlighting ethical responsibilities to make visible inequities reproduced in habitual practices and engage in relationships of solidarity to (re)construct alternative shared practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Egan, Dorothy Kessler, Nalia Gurgel-Juarez, Anchal Chopra, Elizabeth Linkewich, Lindsey Sikora, Phyllis Montgomery, Patrick Duong
{"title":"Stroke rehabilitation adaptive approaches: A theory-focused scoping review.","authors":"Mary Egan, Dorothy Kessler, Nalia Gurgel-Juarez, Anchal Chopra, Elizabeth Linkewich, Lindsey Sikora, Phyllis Montgomery, Patrick Duong","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2023.2257228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11038128.2023.2257228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke rehabilitation consists of restorative and adaptive approaches. Multiple adaptive approaches exist.</p><p><strong>Aims/objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to develop a framework for categorising adaptive stroke rehabilitation interventions, based on underlying theory.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We searched multiple databases to April 2020 to identify studies of interventions designed to improve participation in valued activities. We extracted the name of the intervention, underlying explicit or implicit theory, intervention elements, and anticipated outcomes. Using this information, we proposed distinct groups of interventions based on theoretical drivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine adaptive interventions were examined in at least one of 77 studies. Underlying theories included Cognitive Learning Theory, Self-determination Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, adult learning theories, and Psychological Stress and Coping Theory. Three overarching theoretical drivers were identified: learning, motivation, and coping.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At least 29 adaptive approaches exist, but each appear to be based on one of three underlying theoretical drivers. Consideration of effectiveness of these approaches by theoretical driver could help indicate underlying mechanisms and essential elements of effective adaptive approaches.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our framework is an important advance in understanding and evaluating adaptive approaches to stroke rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occupational therapists' experiences of working with people with dementia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Johannes Österholm, Åsa Larsson Ranada","doi":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2305253","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11038128.2024.2305253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dementia is an age-related disease associated with complex health and care needs. Due to demographical shifts, the number of older people with dementia is forecasted to increase. Occupational therapists encounter people with dementia in their daily work, yet little is known about their experience of working with people with dementia.</p><p><strong>Aim/objectives: </strong>To explore occupational therapist's experiences of working with people with dementia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ten occupational therapists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results are presented in five different themes: Working with persons who do not recognise decline in their abilities; Saving-face of the person in assessment situations; Facilitating continued engagement in everyday activities; Utilising information provided by care staff; Balancing different preferences on how to proceed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occupational therapists perceive a need in their work to employ various face-saving strategies and facilitate engagement in everyday activities. The results are exploratory and additionally research is needed to understand the therapists' experiences of working with persons with dementia.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Everyday activities should be tailored to the person's abilities, with an emphasis on facilitating the person in carrying them out rather than the social environment taking them over.</p>","PeriodicalId":49570,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}