Scandinavian Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between smoking and mental health in educational settings with high smoking rates: a cohort study among Danish youth.","authors":"Simone G Kjeld, Teresa Homberg, Susan Andersen","doi":"10.1177/14034948241227305","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241227305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking and poor mental health in youth represent important public health priorities. This study aimed to (i) compare tobacco-related behaviors and mental health in two educational settings with high smoking rates: vocational education and training (VET) schools and preparatory basic education (PBE) schools, and (ii) examine associations between smoking at school start and mental health 5 months later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from baseline (<i>N</i> = 1843) and follow-up (<i>N</i> = 1039) assessments conducted as part of a school-based trial in two rounds (baseline in August 2018 and August 2019). Students' characteristics were presented by adjusted prevalences. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between smoking and measures of mental health: school-related well-being, overall loneliness, and stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More PBE students than VET students reported daily smoking (40% vs. 27%), nicotine dependence, perceived benefits of smoking (e.g., stress reduction: 41% vs. 33%), low smoking-related self-efficacy (e.g., ability to resist smoking if offered by a friend: 20% vs. 32%), school-related loneliness, and low school connectedness (25% vs. 11%). Daily smokers at VET and PBE schools had lower odds of school-related loneliness (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.74) and higher odds of stress (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.00-3.80). Smoking was associated with better classmate relations in VET schools but not in PBE schools.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Our study suggested that students in PBE schools constitute a more vulnerable group in terms of smoking and mental health compared with students in VET schools. Smoking seemed to prevent loneliness in school but was associated with heightened stress levels.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the short version of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for adolescents in Norway.","authors":"Sjur S Sætren, Wenche Ten Velden Hegelstad, Tore Tjora, Gertrud S Hafstad, Else-Marie Augusti","doi":"10.1177/14034948231225616","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948231225616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is among the most popular and widely used measures of emotion regulation across age groups. This study aimed to validate the CERQ short version (CERQ-short) for use on adolescents in the Norwegian population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 3461 adolescents (47.3% girls) aged 12-16 years was recruited through the UEVO population-based study of child maltreatment in Norway. Factor structure, reliability, measurement invariance and criterion validity were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original nine-factor model including 18 items; however, not a two-factor structure nor a higher order two-factor solution. Internal consistency was adequate for all subscales, with alpha levels ranging from .73 to .84 between subscales across genders. Relationships with internalizing problems measured with the 10-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist and health-related quality of life according to KIDSCREEN-10 supported the criterion-related validity of the Norwegian CERQ-short.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><b>Results suggest that the CERQ-short can be used to measure cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the Norwegian adolescent population. The validation of the CERQ-short in Norway could significantly improve mental health care by facilitating better diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation, as well as informing public health policy and cross-cultural research</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is wellness? Investigating the importance of different domains of wellness among laypeople and experts: A survey study.","authors":"Krista J Kauppi, Eira T Roos, Patrik T Borg, Katarina S Cantell, Paulus M Torkki","doi":"10.1177/14034948231217360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948231217360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Lack of consensus on wellness has led to a vast number of different conceptualisations, which hinder international efforts to monitor individual-level wellness and social progress comparably. This study aimed to aid in the harmonisation of the concept by contributing to the scarce research on laypeople's views on wellness. The study investigates whether the importance of different areas of wellness varies depending on age, gender, education or socio-economic position. Furthermore, considering that wellness models are often constructed by expert panels, this study aimed to shed light on how experts' and laypeople's views on wellness vary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Altogether, 1152 laypeople and 23 Finnish experts rated the importance of 61 systematic review-based wellness domains. Each domain received an ordinal number, which, together with the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test or Kruskal-Wallis test, was used to examine the differences between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen wellness domains were found at the top of the lists, regardless of whether the results were analysed based on gender, age, education or socio-economic position. When looking at the priority order of different domains, we were able to identify several differences between the expert panel and laypeople.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>To ensure the relevance of wellness models, it is vital to understand the areas that laypeople consider to be important for their comprehensive wellness. This study offers 13 domains that could be combined with an expert view on wellness and used as a starting point for creating a more comprehensive, inclusive and better-suited wellness instrument.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing research and policy in climate and health in the Nordic countries: Key challenges and opportunities for future action.","authors":"Shilpa Rao","doi":"10.1177/14034948241296193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241296193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This editorial presents state of the art developments in research and policy in the newly emerging field of climate and health and examines the gaps in research, the relevance of Nordic research in a global context, and the need to place the climate-health agenda in the policy space.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use a set of articles from the Special Issue on 'Climate change and health in the Nordic countries' in this journal to understand current research in climate and health. We identify three emerging areas that characterize the current focus of research: modelling climate change-induced exposures; health cross-linkages of the climate health agenda and targeted communication. On linking the ongoing research with several recent policies and projects within the EU and Nordic countries, we identify vital questions where future research needs to concentrate and discuss the challenges associated with this.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identify three key questions related to interaction, vulnerable groups and equitable adaptation that will be crucial to future risk. We highlight a need for integrated study designs and innovative data analysis tools to help answer these questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\u0000 <b>We conclude with proposing a path forward for the 'Climate and Health' research and policy agenda in the years to come.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241296193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for health equitable climate adaptation policies in Northern Europe.","authors":"Shilpa Rao, Kristin Aunan, Isabelle Budin-Ljøsne, Francesco Di Ruscio, Antonio Gasparrini, Pierre Masselot, Matteo Pinna Pintor, Zuzana Nordeng, Reija Ruuhela, Bernadette Kumar","doi":"10.1177/14034948241290074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241290074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Socioeconomic conditions remain an important factor in determining health outcomes in Northern Europe. In this commentary, we argue for evidence-based temperature-related climate adaptation policies in Northern Europe that account for disparities in socioeconomic conditions and aim at universal health coverage. We highlight the role of spatial and occupational disparities in urban areas that can be important factors in increased physical and mental health impacts related to heat and cold. We further highlight how these factors interplay with exposure to air pollution and access to green areas and worsen health conditions. Adaptation to changing climatic conditions requires both physiological acclimatization and behavioral adaptation, both of which are difficult to assess for socioeconomically deprived communities. We argue for more equitable climate adaptation strategies that include i) better integration of health in climate change adaptation plans; ii) building climate resilient communities, and iii) integrated surveillance and health systems. These actions could be vital in spearheading research in new cross-cutting areas like climate change, migration, and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241290074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-rated health in preadolescent children as a predictor for hospital contacts and redeemed prescriptions: the Danish National Birth Cohort 1996-2002.","authors":"Camilla Klinge Renneberg, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask, Martin Bernstorff, Dorte Rytter, Stefan Nygaard Hansen, Bodil Hammer Bech","doi":"10.1177/14034948251313590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251313590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The decline in self-rated health among young people raises concerns for future health outcomes. We examined whether self-rated health in preadolescence predicts hospital contacts and prescription redemption in later adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study uses the Danish National Birth Cohort on children born 1996-2002. A questionnaire was distributed to 96,382 11-year-old preadolescents followed from 2010 to 2018. Number of hospital contacts and prescriptions were obtained from Danish registers. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated, comparing preadolescents with poor ('Not So Good'/'Poor') and 'Good' self-rated health to those with 'Excellent' self-rated health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 47,365 (49.1%) 11-year-old participants, 5.3% reported poor self-rated health and 38.3% reported good health. Analyses revealed that children with good self-rated health had higher rates of somatic (IRR, 1.17 [1.14-1.21]) and psychiatric (IRR, 1.63 [1.47-1.81]) hospital contacts. Children with poor self-rated health showed even higher rates, with IRRs of 1.73 [1.62-1.85] for somatic and 3.54 [3.03-4.15] for psychiatric contacts. Additionally, those with good self-rated health had more somatic and psychiatric prescriptions (IRR, 1.25 [1.21-1.30] and 1.75 [1.55-1.97], respectively), whereas children with poor self-rated health had IRRs of 1.67 [1.56-1.80] for somatic and 4.03 [3.39-4.82] for psychiatric prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preadolescents with both good and poor self-rated health show higher rates of hospital contacts and prescription redemption in adolescence, especially pronounced in children with poor self-rated health. This indicates that early-life health perceptions impact long-term wellbeing, particularly psychiatric health. This simple self-rated health measure provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals by aiding in identifying children in need of support and early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948251313590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for loneliness among older informal caregivers in regions of Finland and Sweden: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Sarah Åkerman, Fredrica Nyqvist, Mikael Nygård, Fredrik Snellman, Birgitta Olofsson","doi":"10.1177/14034948241308029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241308029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This longitudinal study investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness among older new informal caregivers, long-term informal caregivers, former informal caregivers and non-caregivers in selected regions of Finland and Sweden over 5 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal sample of 5083 respondents from the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) survey data in 2016 and 2021 was used. Bivariate correlation tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Loneliness prevalence rates varied between 6% and 8% in 2016 and increased in all groups, although not significantly among new informal caregivers. In 2021, the prevalence of loneliness varied between 8% and 14%. Among the baseline variables, reporting loneliness, single/unmarried/bereaved civil status, infrequent contact with friends and neighbours, poor self-rated health, depressive symptoms, living in Finland and financial strain increased the likelihood of reporting loneliness in 2021. Among the change variables, being a long-term caregiver, a negative change in civil status, a reduced number of confidants, a negative change in self-rated health and depressive symptoms increased the likelihood of reporting loneliness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Loneliness increased among all four groups of comparison. Being a long-term caregiver was a significant risk factor for reporting loneliness over time (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.20-3.35), when controlling for several other social and health-related variables. To develop effective support, future research could address risk factors for loneliness among distinct groups of informal caregivers based on whether the care recipients have neurological or functional health limitations and examine the availability of support measures.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241308029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational-related risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive for publicly employed medical doctors in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodriguez, Emma Tobjörk, Hanna Jerndal, Marie Eriksson, Anne-Marie Fors Connolly","doi":"10.1177/14034948241304487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241304487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Doctors have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by exposure to contagious patients. We aimed to identify which clinical specialities among medical doctors had the highest occupation-related risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, utilizing data for all publicly employed medical doctors in Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data regarding positive SARS-CoV-2 test results and employment for publicly employed doctors in Sweden were divided into three observation periods: 1) 1 February to 31 December 2020, 2) 1 January to 30 June 2021 and 3) 1 July 2021 to 31 March 2022. Individuals were stratified according to occupation clinic and compared with clinical occupations with little to no patient contact. The risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, with sex, age and vaccination status as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort included all publicly employed doctors in Sweden: 35,028 individuals. In the first period, Infectious Disease doctors had the highest incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positive tests, with an incidence of 20.2 %, compared with 8.7 % in the reference group, and an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.02-3.04), which decreased during period 2-3. Doctors in Geriatric Medicine had an elevated risk throughout the whole study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Our study shows an association between working in a speciality that involves caring for contagious COVID-19 patients, which raises concerns about infection control measures and routines being insufficient to prevent occupational infection in future pandemics.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241304487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to physical, sexual and emotional violence and health-related factors among the adult population in the Faroe Islands.","authors":"Tóra Petersen, Heri Joensen, Heri Á Rógvi, Magni Mohr, Anna SofÍa Veyhe","doi":"10.1177/14034948241307269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241307269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The Faroe Islands is a small homogenous archipelago located in the North Atlantic Ocean with no prior study of violence among adults. In an adult population-based sample, we studied physical, sexual and emotional violence and health and socio-economic determinants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cross-sectional survey conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 was based on a newly initiated questionnaire that included 1068 randomly selected individuals aged 18-75.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34.8% reported exposure to physical violence, 21.8% to sexual violence and 22.3% to emotional violence. A total of 12.6% of the women and 7.6% of the men reported exposure to all three types of violence. The consequences of childhood violence had a more significant effect on the subjects compared to adult-life violence. Additionally, individuals exposed to violence had significantly lower odds of achieving any educational attainment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Compared to men and after adjustments, women had 50% lower odds of exposure to physical (odds ratio=0.5, <i>p</i><0.001) and more than three times the odds of exposure to sexual violence (odds ratio=3.1, <i>p</i><0.001). The odds of emotional violence were sex independent, both unadjusted and adjusted. Moreover, exposure to violence showed a life-long negative impact.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241307269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling impacts of traffic, air pollution, and weather conditions on cardiopulmonary disease mortality.","authors":"Cong Cao, Jan Morten Dyrstad, Colin P Green","doi":"10.1177/14034948241290852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241290852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Cardiopulmonary disease (CPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing evidence shows that air pollution and exposure to weather conditions have important contributory roles. Understanding the interaction of these factors is difficult due to the complexity of the relationship between CPD, air pollution, and environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper uses regression models and machine learning approaches to explore these relationships, and investigate whether meteorological factors and air pollution have a synergistic effect on CPD. We use daily data from 2009-2018 from four cities representing the heterogenous climate conditions in Norway: the far north, the west coast, mid-Norway, and the south-east.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate the importance of the interaction between weather and air pollution associated with higher CPD mortality, as is exposure to air pollution in the form of <math><mrow><mi>NOx</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>and</mi></mrow></math>particulate matter. This impact is seasonal. Traffic is also positively related to CPD mortality, which may be caused indirectly through increased pollution. We demonstrate that machine learning outperforms regression models in terms of the accuracy of predicting CPD mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>The inclusion of rich lagged structures and interactions between environmental factors are both important but can lead to overfitting of traditional models; since these cities are not large cities by international standards, it is surprising that environmental factors have such obvious impacts on CPD mortality. CPD mortality shows a clear negative trend, implying an improvement in the public health situation.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241290852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}