Scandinavian Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Mortality and causes of death among long-term care residents in Helsinki, Finland 2017-2021, a longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Lara Kuokkanen-Estrada, Hanna-Maria Roitto, Ulla L Aalto, Satu K Jyväkorpi, Riitta K T Saarela, Hannu Kautiainen, Kaisu H Pitkälä","doi":"10.1177/14034948251331314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251331314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Knowledge about mortality and causes of death is needed to improve the quality of end-of-life care in long-term care (LTC). This study aimed to investigate mortality and causes of deaths in LTC. We explored how age, sex, and having dementia at baseline were associated with the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and causes of death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants comprised residents (<i>N</i> = 2513) living in LTC facilities in Helsinki, Finland in March 2017. Background data on demographics, diagnoses, and medications were retrieved from medical charts. Causes of death were retrieved from the Finnish Cause of Death Register for deaths that were registered up to 31 December 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2513 participants, 2033 died during follow-up. All-cause SMR was 3.31 (95% CI 3.17-3.46) compared with the same-aged general population in Finland. SMR for men was 4.33 (95% CI 3.98-4.70), for women was 3.05 (95% CI 2.90-3.20), and for residents younger than 70 years 13.80 (95% CI 11.17-17.05). SMR decreased linearly with age. There was no difference in SMR among those with and without dementia. For both sexes the most common cause of death was dementia (67.0%), followed by cardiovascular disease (CVD; 15.9%), neurological diseases (5.2%), and cancer (3.1%). The most common cause of death in residents with dementia was dementia (77.7%), whereas in residents without dementia it was CVD (36.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Male sex and younger age were associated with a higher SMR. Residents most frequently died of dementia. End-of-life care in LTC needs to be tailored to meet the needs of people with dementia.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948251331314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intensity of informal caregiving and its implications for older caregivers: a national survey in Sweden.","authors":"Mariam Kirvalidze, Elizabeth Hanson, Lennart Magnusson, Lena Dahlberg, Anders Wimo, Lucas Morin, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga","doi":"10.1177/14034948251335113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251335113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Informal caregiving is a crucial-albeit often invisible-part of the support system that enables older people with chronic diseases, disability, or age-related conditions to live in the community. However, providing informal care can affect caregivers' lives.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore 1) the level of care intensity among older caregivers, 2) the relationship between the intensity of caregiving and the negative experiences reported by caregivers, and 3) the variations in unmet support needs depending on the intensity of caregiving.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between May and September 2023, we conducted a national representative survey to map informal caregivers in Sweden. A total of 25,776 older adults aged ⩾65 years were sampled. Marginal probabilities were calculated to obtain results adjusted for age, sex, and level of education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15,129 people aged ⩾65 years responded to the survey (58.7%), of which 2157 were informal caregivers (14.3%). During a typical week, 68.6% of caregivers provided 1-10 h of informal care, 14.6% provided 11-29 h, and 16.8% provided at least 30 h of care. Women (63.1%) and caregivers aged ⩾75 years (64.1%) were overrepresented in the group providing high-intensity informal care. A higher intensity of care was related to reporting more negative experiences and worse health, as well as to experiencing more unmet support needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While most older informal caregivers reported low-intensity engagement and overall good satisfaction with their situation, a non-negligible fraction provides high-intensity help and has unmet needs that should be addressed by targeted interventions rather than one-size-fits-all policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948251335113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing smoking initiation in adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions: Study protocol of the KickAsh!-intervention.","authors":"Babette Demeester, Maïté Verloigne, Sara Willems, Kenji Leta, Emelien Lauwerier","doi":"10.1177/14034948241236232","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241236232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions are confronted with tobacco-related health disparities. As school-based interventions appear to be less effective among these youngsters, other approaches are necessary. One promising avenue is youth social work settings that offer sport and recreational activities (SR-settings). SR-settings have been examined as a levering context for health promotion, but evidence regarding smoking prevention is currently lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study describes the protocol of a non-randomised cluster controlled trial evaluating a smoking prevention intervention for adolescents. At least 24 SR-settings are needed for the intervention and control group. A mixed-method design will be used. Quantitative measures will be used to assess effectiveness, involving validated questionnaires on smoking initiation behaviour and influencing factors (i.e. attitude, self-efficacy, social influence and risk perception). In addition, feasibility will be assessed with regard to intervention fidelity, dose and reach. Data will be collected at baseline, three and nine months following the intervention. To gain deeper understanding on the impact and underlying processes of the intervention, we will conduct qualitative interviews with users (adolescents) and implementers (youth workers within the SR-settings) of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conducting this trial will offer novel insights into the effectiveness of a smoking prevention intervention designed for adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. A mixed-method design will enable to measure impact, implementation and underlying processes of the intervention. Overall, this design will enhance our understanding on the suitability of SR-settings as contexts for smoking prevention initiatives targeting hard-to-reach youth. This trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05920772.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"330-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shushing the press shortens lives: cross-national evidence of the impact of press freedom on life expectancy.","authors":"Qiang Li, Chung-Ping A Loh, Yuli Ye","doi":"10.1177/14034948231178879","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948231178879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Press freedom around the globe has deteriorated over the past decade, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores the effect of press freedom, as a cornerstone of democracy, on life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exploring cross-country data, we use the ordinary least square method to estimate the association between press freedom and life expectancy. In addition, we adopt three novel instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our estimations indicate that a freer press leads to higher life expectancy, and the effect exists independently of the level of democracy. In addition, the effect of continuous exposure to press freedom is stronger than sporadic free press status. The results are robust to measurement errors, influential outliers, and country-specific heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><b>This study reveals the fundamental role of press freedom in promoting public health that was previously underexplored. Therefore, enhancing freedom of expression can be an effective tool to address three of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, that is, reduce under-five mortality, improve maternal health, and combat HIV/AIDS.</b><b>JEL:</b>I1 H7 D02.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust and easy access to home care staff are associated with older adults' sense of security: a Swedish longitudinal study.","authors":"Rose-Marie Johansson-Pajala, Moudud Alam, Annelie K Gusdal, Lena Marmstål Hammar, Anne-Marie Boström","doi":"10.1177/14034948241236830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241236830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Older adults are increasingly encouraged to continue living in their own homes with support from home care services. However, few studies have focused on older adults' safety in home care. This study explored associations between the sense of security and factors related to demographic characteristics and home care services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mixed longitudinal design was based on a retrospective national survey. The study population consisted of individuals in Sweden (aged 65+ years) granted home care services at any time between 2016 and 2020 (<i>n</i>=82,834-94,714). Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were fitted using the generalised estimation equation method to assess the strength of relationship between the dependent (sense of security) and independent (demographics, health and care-related factors) variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sense of security tended to increase between 2016 and 2020, and was significantly associated with being a woman, living outside big cities, being granted more home care services hours or being diagnosed/treated for depression (cumulative odds ratio 2-9% higher). Anxiety, poor health and living alone were most strongly associated with insecurity (cumulative odds ratio 17-64% lower). Aside from overall satisfaction with home care services, accessibility and confidence in staff influenced the sense of security most.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>We stress the need to promote older adults' sense of security for safe ageing in place, as mandated by Swedish law. Home care services profoundly influence older adults' sense of security. Therefore, it is vital to prioritise continuity in care, establish trust and build relationships with older adults. Given the increasing shortage of staff, integrating complementary measures, such as welfare technologies, is crucial to promoting this sense of security.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination and health: A cross-sectional study comparing Muslims with other-religious.","authors":"Bushra Ishaq, Esperanza Diaz, Lars Østby","doi":"10.1177/14034948231225561","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948231225561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study is to report perceived discrimination among Muslims living in Norway and to address and compare associations between perceived discrimination and health among Muslims with an immigrant background and other-religious with an immigrant background.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A representative sample of individuals with an immigrant background in Norway was used in a cross-sectional study design that included 5484 respondents aged 16 to 74 years. The respondents were sub-grouped after religious affiliation, and as immigrants and Norwegian-born. This sample is from 'The Survey on living conditions among persons with an immigrant background 2016', conducted by Statistics Norway. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-rated health and between perceived discrimination and mental health problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that Muslims with an immigrant background are more likely to report perceived discrimination than non-Muslims with an immigrant background. Perceived discrimination was associated with poor self-rated health and mental health problems among immigrant Muslims and Norwegian-born Muslims. Among other-religious with an immigrant background, perceived discrimination had an inverse relationship with mental health problems among immigrants, while an association between perceived discrimination and poor self-rated health was found among Norwegian-born.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Our findings suggest that perceived discrimination does play a role in health among minorities with an immigrant background in Norway, regardless of religion. However, the association between perceived discrimination and poor health seems to be stronger among Muslims, especially Norwegian-born Muslims.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana among youth in Denmark: a cross-sectional population-based study.","authors":"Stine Arp, Lotus Sofie Bast, Susan Andersen, Lisbeth Lund, Nanna Schneekloth Jarlstrup","doi":"10.1177/14034948241289464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241289464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Previous research suggests a gateway effect between the use of nicotine products and other harmful drugs, such as marijuana. As the use of smokeless nicotine products among youth in Denmark has been increasing, we aimed to identify factors associated with marijuana use and examined the co-use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana among Danish youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a cross-sectional Danish nationwide questionnaire-based survey among 15- to 29-year-olds conducted in 2022. Overall, 6236 were included in the analyses. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess associations between use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana ever-use and frequent use (⩾10 times). A multiple multinomial logistic regression analysis tested whether the association varied across the frequency of marijuana use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41.9% had ever used marijuana, of which 38.6% reported frequent use. Factors associated with marijuana use were current use of other nicotine products, being male, having medium- or long-cycle higher education without a current occupation, excessive binge drinking, and living in the Capital Region. Youth who used smokeless nicotine products had markedly higher odds of ever using marijuana (aOR: 4.13, 95%CI[3.3, 5.05]). Among respondents who had ever used marijuana, use of smokeless nicotine products was associated with frequent marijuana use (aOR: 1.73, 95%CI[1.39, 2.15]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>This study found a significant co-use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana in terms of both marijuana ever-use and frequent marijuana use. This highlights the potential additive consequences of the increasing use of smokeless nicotine products, which calls for preventive actions targeting youth.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241289464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do genetic variants of the Y chromosome affect mortality from COVID-19.","authors":"Ole Bernt Lenning, Ronny Myhre, May Sissel Vadla, Roald Omdal, Begoña Martínez Jarreta, Ángel Gómez Moreno, Ignacio De Blas, Geir Sverre Braut","doi":"10.1177/14034948251333236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251333236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, significant differences in mortality patterns emerged based on sex and geographical regions. While we were studying on the heredity of variants of the Y chromosome, we observed that regional variations in mortality rates appeared to correlate with the geographical distribution of certain variants of the Y chromosome. This observation led us to propose that some genes on the Y chromosome, with an influence on immune responses, may represent a confounding factor in the observed geographical mortality differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this analysis, we investigate the potential associations between COVID-19 morbidity and disease-specific mortality and specific Y chromosome variants. The study is based on publicly available pandemic data validated by state authorities or presented in scientific literature documented in PubMed and Medline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that Y chromosome haplogroups in different populations exhibit wave-like patterns corresponding with persistent global disparities in COVID-19-related mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>These findings warrant further research to uncover possible new pathophysiological mechanisms.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948251333236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological distress in single fathers and mothers - a Swedish population-based study.","authors":"Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, Anu Molarius, Linn Karlsson, Karin Sonnby","doi":"10.1177/14034948251332507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251332507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The primary aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of psychological distress among single fathers and single mothers in comparison to parents living together, and the factors contributing to the differences between single and partnered parents. A secondary aim was to investigate the perceived need for parental support in relation to severe psychological distress in these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey questionnaire was sent to a random population sample in Sweden in 2022 and 5750 parents aged 18-69 years participated. The outcome was severe psychological distress, measured by the Kessler-6 (scores ⩾13). Associations between single parenthood and severe psychological distress were analysed with multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age group, economic difficulties, social support, risk consumption of alcohol and need for parental support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Severe psychological distress was more common among single fathers (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-3.5) and mothers (age-adjusted OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.8-3.3) than among partnered fathers and mothers. The main explanatory factors for the difference were economic difficulties and lack of social support, accounting together for 75% of the excess of severe psychological distress in single fathers and 64% in single mothers. Risk consumption of alcohol among both single and partnered fathers was also associated with severe psychological distress. Being in need of more parental support, for example, from maternity/child health care or family centres was associated with severe psychological distress among all parents, regardless of partnership status and gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Single parents had a higher prevalence of severe psychological distress than partnered parents, mainly explained by economic difficulties and the lack of social support. Both among single and partnered parents, the need for more parental support was associated with severe psychological distress.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948251332507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health beyond borders: the future of health promotion.","authors":"Evelyne de Leeuw","doi":"10.1177/14034948241288272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241288272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article situates the field of health promotion in its current cutting-edge agendas around health and wellbeing; social and other determinants of health; complexity and its associated sciences; planetary health; and inclusion and diversity. However, it is also proposed that there are emergent dimensions that should be placed more deliberately on the agendas of health promotion research and practice. The piece offers three dimensions for noting health promotion futures: a cognitive, spatial and temporal one. The first is a non-anthropocentric appreciation of the complex interactions between geosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere that can be framed through a lens of governance and cosmology; the second one is established by humankind's journeys beyond the atmosphere into outer space; and the third one argues we - that is, the global health (promotion) community - need to account for temporal determinants of health, more consciously and conscientiously. The gazes seem beyond current agendas of health - but the article demonstrates how they are to become mission-critical aspects of contemporary and future worlds.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}