Scandinavian Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Strict Danes or relaxed Swedes? Comparing health and daily activities in Sweden and Denmark during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Lasse L. Scheel-Hincke, Filip Fors Connolly, Jenny Olofsson, Karen Andersen-Ranberg","doi":"10.1177/14034948241272986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241272986","url":null,"abstract":"Aims:Amidst the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, Denmark and Sweden adopted contrasting strategies despite their many cultural similarities. Denmark swiftly imposed strict governmental restrictions, while Sweden favoured a more gradual, voluntary approach. This study aims to analyse the disparities between the two nations in mental health indicators (depressive symptoms, sleep problems and loneliness), daily activities (shopping, going for a walk, visiting family and meeting other people) and medical care after the Covid-19 outbreak.Methods:Data from adults aged ⩾50 years in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 8 (2019/2020) and the two SHARE Covid-19 surveys (summer 2020/2021) were utilised. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in Sweden and Denmark.Results:Both countries witnessed reduced risk of depressive symptoms and sleep problems during summer 2020, albeit with a more significant decline in depressive symptoms observed in Denmark: 17.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0–20.6) vs. 12.5% (95% CI 9.0–15.9). Swedish respondents were more likely to reduce their daily activities in the summer of 2020 (shopping: odds ratio (OR)=0.45, 95% CI 0.36–0.55; visit family: OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.97) and less likely to have medical appointments postponed (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.46–2.28).Conclusions:Minimal differences were observed between Sweden and Denmark in mental health and daily activities during the pandemic. Despite significant disruption to their daily routines, Scandinavians aged ⩾50 years old demonstrate remarkable resilience.","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported body function and daily life activities 18 months after Covid-19: A nationwide cohort study","authors":"Johanna Seljelid, Annie Palstam, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen, Hanna C. Persson","doi":"10.1177/14034948241272949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241272949","url":null,"abstract":"Aims:This study aimed to investigate body function and daily life activities 18 months after Covid-19 infection, depending on the initial severity of disease and according to sex.Methods:All 11,955 individuals on sick leave due to Covid-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden were invited to answer a questionnaire regarding experiencing negative changes in body function and daily life activities approximately 18 months after the start of sick leave. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics, group comparisons and multivariable binary logistic regressions (two groups).Results:Of 5464 responders (45.7%), 4676 (85.6%) reported experiencing at least one problem with body function, and the reported prevalence of problems with daily life activities was 46%. The most frequently reported problems were fatigue (66.3%), cognition, sleep and movement. In general, women and those initially hospitalised reported more problems. In the regression analyses, problems with body function could partly explain whether individuals experienced problems with daily life activities. However, only fatigue and movement significantly contributed throughout all groups ( p<0.001). Furthermore, the odds ratios for fatigue were larger in regressions for women than for men.Conclusions:In this nationwide study, more than 8 out of 10 individuals experienced problems with body function 18 months after being on sick leave due to Covid-19, with women and those initially hospitalised reporting more problems. Problems with body function, such as fatigue, could partly explain problems with daily life activities. However, the mechanisms behind the consequences are not yet clear and need to be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between non-registered ultrasound examination in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes in immigrant and non-immigrant women: a Norwegian population-based study 1999–2016","authors":"Karolina S. Mæland, Nils-Halvdan Morken, Erica Schytt, Vigdis Aasheim, Roy M. Nilsen","doi":"10.1177/14034948241274596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241274596","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Prenatal ultrasound examinations are important to detect placental dysfunction. Several ultrasound-detected abnormalities can be managed during pregnancy or childbirth, thus improve health outcomes. Maternal birth country is known to influence the risk of placental dysfunction, but little is known about the possible mechanisms of this relation.Aims:(a) To estimate the proportion of non-registered prenatal ultrasound examinations; (b) to examine associations between non-registered ultrasound examinations and adverse perinatal outcomes, by migrant-related factors, in women giving birth in Norway.Methods:Individually linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway, 1999–2016, comprising 999,760 singleton pregnancies to immigrants ( n=196,220) and non-immigrants ( n=803,540). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression with robust standard error estimations, adjusted for year of childbirth, maternal age, parity, maternal smoking, educational level and Norwegian health region at birth.Results:Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women had a higher proportion of non-registered ultrasound examinations (2.3% vs. 4.3%; aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.9, 2.0)). Compared with women with ultrasound examination, the aOR for perinatal mortality for women with non-registered ultrasound was 2.27 (95% CI 1.85, 2.79) for immigrants and 3.61 (3.21, 4.07) for non-immigrants. Non-registered ultrasound examination was also associated with placental abruption (aOR 1.32 (1.08, 1.63)) for non-immigrant women, but it was not associated with preeclampsia.Compared with non-immigrants, immigrant women have a higher proportion of non-registered data on prenatal ultrasound examinations. Both immigrants and non-immigrants with non-registered ultrasound examinations have an increased aOR of perinatal mortality. Non-immigrant women also had an increased aOR for placental abruption.","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational prestige and future sickness absence and disability pension in women and men: a Swedish nationwide prospective cohort study.","authors":"Gunnel Hensing, Mira Müller, Ylva Ulfsdotter Eriksson, Kristina Alexanderson, Kristin Farrants","doi":"10.1177/14034948241272936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241272936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about associations between occupational prestige, that is, the symbolic evaluation and social positioning of occupations, and sickness absence (SA) or disability pension (DP). We explored whether occupational prestige was associated with future SA or DP among women and men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Swedish 4-year prospective cohort study of all those in paid work and aged 25-59 in 2010 (<i>N</i> = 2,605,227; 47% women), using linked microdata from three nationwide registers and Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale values, categorised as 'very low', 'low', 'medium', 'high', or 'very high'. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), crude and adjusted for several sociodemographic factors, were calculated for three outcomes: at least one SA spell (>14 days), >90 SA days, or DP occurrence, during follow-up (2011-2013).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean number of SA days in 2010 varied by occupational prestige group, for example, 'very high': 3.0, 'very low': 6.5. Compared to those in occupations with 'very high' prestige, all other groups had higher adjusted ORs for all three outcomes. Among men, those with 'very low' occupational prestige had the highest OR for at least one SA spell: OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.47-1.56); among women, the 'medium' group had the highest OR: 1.30 (1.27-1.32). The results were similar for SA >90 days. OR for DP among women with 'very low' occupational prestige was 2.01 (1.84-2.19), and 3.55 (3.15-4.01) for men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Working in lower occupational prestige occupations was generally associated with higher odds of future SA/DP than working in higher prestige occupations; these associations were stronger for men than for women.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of selective mortality on poverty rates in later life: evidence from a Swedish cohort born in 1926.","authors":"Johan Rehnberg, Olof Östergren, Ylva B Almquist, Johan Fritzell, Stefan Fors","doi":"10.1177/14034948241266437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241266437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Mortality influences the composition of the surviving population. Higher mortality among low-income individuals than high-income individuals may result in lower poverty rates in the surviving population. The objective of this study was to describe poverty rates for both survivors and deceased individuals in a cohort born in 1926.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Swedish total population data on the 1926 birth cohort (<i>n</i> = 83,382), calculating annual poverty rates from 1991 to 2016. We compared poverty rates for the entire cohort, those who died the next year, and those who survived for 5, 10, or 20+ years, measuring the impact of selective mortality as the differences in poverty rates between the cohort and these subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals who died the following year had higher poverty rates than the cohort at ages 65-90. Conversely, individuals who survived 5, 10, or 20+ years had lower poverty rates, with relatively small differences (1.1% to 6.9% lower) for survivors of 5 years or longer, and larger differences (26.4% to 32.8% lower) for those who survived 20+ years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite differences in mortality rates by income, selective mortality had only a modest impact on poverty rates. If life expectancy rises for all, and a more diverse population reaches old age, our findings indicate a potential slight increase in poverty rates due to reduced mortality as a selective factor. These findings emphasise the need to consider mortality selection when addressing future poverty rates in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on connecting climate change and health.","authors":"Kristin Aunan, Hans Orru, Henrik Sjödin","doi":"10.1177/14034948241269748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241269748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past century, the Earth's climate has undergone rapid and unprecedented changes, manifested in a noticeable increase in average global temperature. This has led to shifts in precipitation patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events (e.g. hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts and floods), alterations in ecosystems, and rising sea levels, impacting both natural environments and human societies, health and wellbeing. Without deep and urgent emission cuts and effective adaptation, the toll of climate change on human health and wellbeing is likely to grow. Here, we address the complex relationship between climate change and health, and discuss ways forward for transdisciplinary research and collaboration that can motivate more ambitious mitigation policies and help develop solutions to adapt to the crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on co-creating a model for the value assessment of artificial intelligence technologies.","authors":"Anne Wettergren Karlsson, Astrid Janssens, Astrid Barkler, Thomas Schmidt, Benjamin Schnack Brandt Rasmussen, Iben Fasterholdt","doi":"10.1177/14034948241265948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241265948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>A multidisciplinary group of experts and patients developed the Model for ASsessing the value of Artificial Intelligence (MAS-AI) to ensure an evidence-based and patient-centered approach to introducing artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare. In this article, we share our experiences with meaningfully involving a patient in co-creating a research project concerning complex and technically advanced topics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The co-creation was evaluated by means of initial reflections from the research team before the project started, in a continuous logbook, and through semi-structured interviews with patients and two researchers before and after the active co-creation phase of the project.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were initial doubts about the feasibility of including patients in this type of project. Co-creation ensured relevance to patients, a holistic research approach and the debate of ethical considerations. Due to one patient dropping out, it is important to foresee and support the experienced challenges of time and energy spent by the patient in future projects. Having a multidisciplinary team helped the collaboration. A mutual reflective evaluation provided insights into the process which we would otherwise have missed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>We found it possible to create complex and data-intense research projects with patients. Including patients benefitted the project and gave researchers new perspectives on their own research. Mutual reflection throughout the project is key to maximise learning for all parties involved.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of long-term opioid use among immigrants: a national registry-linkage study.","authors":"Håkon H Nestvold, Svetlana Skurtveit, Aleksi Hamina, Vidar Hjellvik, Ingvild Odsbu","doi":"10.1177/14034948241266744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241266744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to investigate the association between being an immigrant and long-term prescription opioid use in Norway in 2010-2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nested case-control study. The cases were all persons 18 years of age or older with long-term opioid use - that is, the use of prescription opioids longer than 3 months (<i>N</i>=215,642). Cases were matched to four controls who filled at least one opioid prescription, but never developed long-term opioid use in the study period (<i>N</i>=862,568) on sex, age and year of starting long-term/short-term opioid use. Being an immigrant was defined as being born outside of Norway to two foreign-born parents and four foreign-born grandparents. Adjusting for socioeconomic variables and clinical confounders, analyses were stratified on three age groups (18-44 years, 45-67 years and ⩾68 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the youngest age group, being an immigrant was inversely associated with long-term opioid use (adjusted odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval [0.72-0.77]) compared with being native-born people. For this age group, the odds ratio differed between people born in Africa (0.56 [0.52-0.62]), Central or South America (0.70 [0.62-0.79]), Europe outside the European Union (EU) (0.71 [0.65-0.77]), Asia including Turkey (0.80 [0.77-0.84]) and EU/European Economic Area (EEA) (0.81 [0.77-0.85]). For the middle age group, increased odds were found for immigrants versus natives (1.05 [1.02-1.08]) in particular for those born in North America (1.26 [1.13-1.40]) and the EU/EEA (1.13 [1.09-1.18]). There was no association in the oldest group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with native-born people, immigrants had lower odds of long-term opioid use among younger adults, higher odds among middle-aged and similar odds among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stagnation in old age mortality among Finnish women: cause-of-death decomposition of life expectancy trends by income.","authors":"Satu Malmberg, Lasse Tarkiainen, Liina Junna, Pekka Martikainen","doi":"10.1177/14034948241266438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241266438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The decline in old age mortality and subsequent increase in life expectancy among older women has stalled in some high-income countries. The contribution of causes of death to and sub-group variations in these trends are generally not well understood. We assess trends in mortality and cause-of-death decomposition of life expectancy by income over the past 30 years in Finland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained total population, annual register-based data on individuals (aged 30-89 years) residing in Finland in 1991-2020. We examined the trends in age-specific mortality rates and decomposed the contribution of various causes of death to changes in partial life expectancy among women aged 65-79 years over time and within each income quintile. In addition, we estimated life expectancy trends for the total population and by income quintile with and without causes related to alcohol consumption and smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicate stagnation in mortality development among women in Finland aged 65-79 years. The slowdown of improvements in circulatory and heart disease mortality contributed substantially to the observed stagnation, although similar trends were observed in virtually all the causes of death we studied. The lowest income groups experienced the most adverse developments during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>The stagnating life expectancy observed among Finnish women cannot be attributed solely to one cause of death. In contrast to findings on the topic from many other developed countries, smoking-related causes of death were of little significance. The stagnation is linked to growing inequality in mortality development among older women in Finland, which affects the overall trend.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of osteoarthritis incidence and age-at-diagnosis, 2006-2019.","authors":"Ali Kiadaliri, Martin Englund","doi":"10.1177/14034948241265427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241265427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of incidence and age distributions of first registered osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis in southern Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified all Skåne residents aged 35+ who had lived in the region at any point during the period 2006-2019 with no previous OA diagnosis (ICD-10 codes M15-M19) for 8 years prior to inclusion in the study (<i>n</i> = 849,061). We calculated person-years from inclusion until OA diagnosis, death, emigration, or 31 December 2019, whichever occurred first. Combining sex (female, male), education (low, medium, high) and nativity (Swedish, immigrant), we created a variable with 12 strata. Average annual percent changes in age-standardized incidence rates were estimated using joinpoint regression. Changes in the median age-at-diagnosis (year of diagnosis minus birth year), weighted to the mid-2005 Swedish population, were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative age-standardized incidence rates ranged from 116 (95% CI: 111, 121) per 10,000 person-years for immigrant males with low education to 205 (95% CI: 200, 210) for immigrant females with medium education. The estimated average annual percent changes (ranging from 3.4% to 6.1%) were generally similar, with slightly greater variations among immigrants than Swedes. The weighted median age-at-diagnosis was higher for Swedes and low educated people. Immigrant females with low education were the only stratum with a reduction (3 years) in the weighted median age-at-diagnosis over time. Sociodemographic patterns in knee OA incidence were different from patterns for hip OA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were few sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of OA incidence and age-at-diagnosis, suggesting persistent sociodemographic disparities in OA burden in southern Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}