{"title":"A practical guide to serrated appendiceal lesions","authors":"Domenika Ortiz Requena, Rhonda K. Yantiss","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferations of the appendix can show varying degrees of serrated epithelial architecture. Of these, diffuse mucosal hyperplasia is most common, followed in frequency by low-grade mucinous and serrated neoplasms. It is important to distinguish serrated appendiceal neoplasms from their potential mimics because these entities may be managed differently. Diffuse mucosal hyperplasia is a non-neoplastic change that usually develops in the setting of resolving appendicitis and requires no further therapy or surveillance, and serrated neoplasms confined to the mucosa are adequately treated by appendectomy alone. On the other hand, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms may require surveillance, and those with extra-appendiceal spread differ from adenocarcinomas arising from serrated neoplasms with respect to both treatment and prognosis. Low-grade mucinous neoplasms in the peritoneum are frequently amenable to peritoneum-directed therapies alone, while adenocarcinomas derived from serrated neoplasms often spread to both regional lymph nodes and the peritoneum, potentially requiring right colectomy and systemic chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature regarding the clinical and pathologic features of appendiceal lesions that show epithelial serration and provide the reader with helpful tips to distinguish serrated neoplasms from their mimics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 243-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TABLE OF CONTENTS (p/u from previous issue w/updates)","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/S0740-2570(24)00076-5","DOIUrl":"10.1053/S0740-2570(24)00076-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 5","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740257024000765/pdfft?md5=13b3008ec7c54590d09c4f8ddbdcac63&pid=1-s2.0-S0740257024000765-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix: Diagnosis, differentials, and disease progression","authors":"Pooja Navale , Raul S. Gonzalez","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are the most common neoplasm of the appendix. They are graded and staged using World Health Organization and American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria, respectively. They may be invisible grossly or form rounded yellow nodules, sometimes in the appendiceal tip. They show classic neuroendocrine tumor features microscopically, forming nests and cords of monotonous cells with salt-and-pepper chromatin and amphophilic cytoplasm. They are positive for neuroendocrine markers by immunohistochemistry, but their molecular characteristics are not well defined. pT-category staging relies primarily on tumor size, though higher-stage cases may involve the subserosa or mesoappendix. Few entities enter the differential diagnosis, but lesions such as goblet cell adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm may be considered. Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors may metastasize to regional lymph nodes, but farther spread is rare. The most consistently proven risk factor for such spread is tumor size, though different studies have proposed different cutoffs. Other potential risk factors include lymphovascular invasion and margin positivity. Tumors smaller than 1 cm can be treated by appendectomy, while hemicolectomy is recommended for tumors larger than 2 cm. Proper treatment for cases measuring 1–2 cm remains a matter of debate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the mysterious mucinous appendiceal neoplasm","authors":"Erika Hissong","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix comprise a group of diagnostically challenging lesions that have generated significant controversy and confusion throughout the years, given their potential for aggressive behavior despite very bland cytologic features. Numerous classification schemes have been proposed to characterize and stage these lesions, but confusion remains among pathologists, surgeons, and oncologists regarding diagnostic criteria, therapeutic implications, and overall prognosis. This review summaries the current recommended nomenclature, histologic characteristics of each entity, and helpful features to distinguish neoplasia from benign mimics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 5","pages":"Pages 222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Updates in appendiceal neoplasms","authors":"Phoenix D. Bell","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 5","pages":"Page 235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calcifying odontogenic cysts: A novel outlook on classification, diagnosis and management.","authors":"Sharon John, Priya Devi, Kriti Sharma, Roshna Sankar, Shalini Gupta","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Calcifying Odontogenic Cysts (COC) displays a wide range of clinical and histopathological variations as well as diverse biological behaviors. This diversity has led to confusion and disagreement regarding the terminology and classification of this lesion. The previous classification attempts to categorize COC into two concepts. The first concept, termed \"monistic,\" suggests that all COCs are neoplastic despite the majority being cystic in structure and seemingly non-neoplastic. The second concept, known as \"dualistic,\" posits that COC comprises two distinct entities: a cyst and a neoplasm. This research discusses various previous classifications of COC found in the literature and proposes a new, straightforward universal classification based solely on histopathology, aiming to facilitate understanding for surgeons.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifteen cases of COC have been collected with clinicopathological parameters including detailed information regarding patient demographics, symptoms, anatomical site, radiological characteristics, duration of evolution, recurrence, and types of histopathology according to the proposed classification.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of fifteen cases of COC were analyzed. According to the histological analysis of the proposed classification Type 1: 5 (33.3), Type II: 4 (26.6), Type III: 3(20), and Type IV:3(20) and recurrence in 3 (20 %) of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It simplifies the complexities arising from variations in the cystic linings of type IV of COC, which can be overlooked and have caused recurrence in the current research. Therefore, the key requirement for arriving at a validated and practical conclusion lies in the accurate histological classification of calcifying odontogenic cysts and their impact on treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TABLE OF CONTENTS (p/u from previous issue w/updates)","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/S0740-2570(24)00060-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/S0740-2570(24)00060-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 4","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740257024000601/pdfft?md5=5d6980e4797756911336cbc15b8fcd9b&pid=1-s2.0-S0740257024000601-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}