{"title":"Acral fibrochondromyxoid tumor – A review of the literature","authors":"Carina A. Dehner , John S.A. Chrisinger","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 5","pages":"Article 150938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor review","authors":"John S.A. Chrisinger , Carina A. Dehner","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor is a recently described mesenchymal neoplasm, which occurs predominantly in young women and often arises in the subcutis or bone. Histologically, tumors vary from giant cell tumor-like to xanthogranulomatous, or a mixture of both patterns. Tumors with predominantly xanthogranulomatous infiltrate and scattered mononuclear cells with bright eosinophilic cytoplasm were originally described as xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor, a lesion which was subsequently found to be on a morphologic spectrum with keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor. Most cases express keratin, characteristically with demonstration of dendritic-like cytoplasmic projections, and harbor HMGA2::NCOR2 fusions. High level expression of CSF1, in the absence of CSF1 gene alterations, is also frequently observed. Data on the clinical behavior of keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor is limited. The course is often indolent, however rare cases are aggressive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 5","pages":"Article 150939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary cutaneous dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanoma","authors":"Ingrid Ferreira , Thomas Brenn","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diagnosis of melanoma remains challenging due to its wide clinical, histopathologic and molecular spectrum. While melanomas typically display a melanocytic phenotype by immunohistochemistry, staining for the conventional markers of melanocytic differentiation (e.g. S100, SOX10, Melan A and HMB45) may be absent in rare instances. This phenomenon is most frequently encountered in the metastatic setting but is increasingly recognized also in primary cutaneous and mucosal melanomas. These tumors are referred to as dedifferentiated melanoma when arising in the background of a conventional melanoma precursor, either morphologically or by immunohistochemistry. Undifferentiated melanomas pose a particular diagnostic challenge as they present in the absence of a recognizable melanoma precursor component. This manuscript outlines the clinical, histopathological and molecular features of these rare tumors to facilitate recognition and allow for more confident diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 5","pages":"Article 150937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TABLE OF CONTENTS (p/u from previous issue w/updates)","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/S0740-2570(25)00066-8","DOIUrl":"10.1053/S0740-2570(25)00066-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 150930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lijie Wang , Mingyue Shi , Andrew Y. Sung , C Cameron Yin , Yanliang Bai , Mingyi Chen
{"title":"Role of the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma: Impact of niches on drug resistance mechanisms","authors":"Lijie Wang , Mingyue Shi , Andrew Y. Sung , C Cameron Yin , Yanliang Bai , Mingyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow. These malignant plasma cells can proliferate locally and spread to other tissues and organs. The M-protein they produce can lead to various clinical symptoms, including anemia, hypercalcemia, bone pain, bone destruction, and kidney dysfunction. Despite significant advancements in treatment over the past two decades that have improved survival and outcomes for many patients, drug resistance remains a significant therapeutic challenge. This resistance is largely driven by the complex interactions between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), making long-term disease control difficult. To improve treatment outcomes, it is essential to understand how the BMME supports MM cell growth and survival, as well as how these cells evade therapies. Investigating these processes will help identify key mechanisms behind drug resistance, offering a pathway to develop targeted therapies that can overcome this challenge. This review will explore the intricate relationship between MM cells and the BMME, focusing on how both cellular and non-cellular components of the microenvironment contribute to resistance mechanisms and prompt disease progression. These insights aim to inform future therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment options for MM patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 150916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor: A review and update","authors":"Andrew L. Folpe","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors (IRMT), clinicopathologically and genetically distinct skeletal muscle tumors of borderline malignancy. These rare tumors were originally believed to represent “inflammatory leiomyosarcomas” and have also been reported as “histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor” and “low-grade inflammatory myogenic tumor”. In addition to representing the only skeletal muscle tumor of borderline malignancy, IRMT may also rarely progress to fully malignant rhabdomyosarcoma. The clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features of IRMT and rhabdomyosarcomas arising from IRMT are reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 150917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beenu Thakral , Anjanaa Vijayanarayanan , L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Pei Lin
{"title":"Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations at diagnosis and in prognosis of multiple myeloma","authors":"Beenu Thakral , Anjanaa Vijayanarayanan , L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Pei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple myeloma accounts for ∼10 % of all hematologic malignancies. It is genetically a highly heterogeneous disease. Cytogenetic aberrations can be found in only one-third of myeloma cases by karyotyping, in contrast to >90 % by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, especially when performed on CD138-enriched plasma cells. Next generation sequencing has shown that mutations affecting the MAP kinase pathway, including <em>KRAS, NRAS</em> and <em>BRAF</em> are the most frequent driver mutations in myeloma detected in up to 40 % of cases. Biallelic <em>TP53</em> inactivation is one of the most important high-risk factor that is associated with poor survival, frequency of which increases in relapsed/refractory myeloma and is rare in MGUS and SMM. <em>De novo</em> plasma cell leukemia is associated with frequent <em>MYC</em> translocations and t(11;14) while plasma cell leukemia associated with a pre-existing myeloma (so-called secondary plasma cell leukemia) more commonly harbors del(17p). Early or primary cytogenetic alterations (such as trisomies and/or one of the <em>IGH</em> translocation) lead to formation of a founder clone which over time expands, and evolves by acquiring additional genetic abnormalities such as copy number and epigenetic changes and secondary mutations contributing to intratumoral heterogeneity seen in myeloma. Thus, presence of clonal heterogeneity at baseline, subsequent linear and branching clonal evolution that occurs with disease progression and therapeutic selection of resistant mutant clones underscores the need for a comprehensive cytogenetic and molecular testing over time. This testing allows for a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and can inform therapeutic options for better patient care and outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"42 4","pages":"Article 150915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}