{"title":"Regulated cell death in neutrophils: From apoptosis to NETosis and pyroptosis","authors":"Léonie Dejas , Karin Santoni , Etienne Meunier , Mohamed Lamkanfi","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neutrophils are among the most abundant immune cells, representing about 50%− 70% of all circulating leukocytes in humans. Neutrophils rapidly infiltrate inflamed tissues and play an essential role in host defense against infections. They exert microbicidal activity through a variety of specialized effector mechanisms, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, degranulation and release of secretory vesicles containing broad-spectrum antimicrobial factors. In addition to their homeostatic turnover by apoptosis, recent studies have revealed the mechanisms by which neutrophils undergo various forms of regulated cell death. In this review, we will discuss the different modes of regulated cell death that have been described in neutrophils, with a particular emphasis on the current understanding of neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in infections and autoinflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101849"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044532323001409/pdfft?md5=723dc4d31f3a7c07cb0be749795e9ff2&pid=1-s2.0-S1044532323001409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue: Antigen cross-presentation","authors":"Peter van Endert","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101850"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72211607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Benamar , Qian Chen , Monica Martinez-Blanco , Talal A. Chatila
{"title":"Regulatory T cells in allergic inflammation","authors":"Mehdi Benamar , Qian Chen , Monica Martinez-Blanco , Talal A. Chatila","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance to allergens at the environmental interfaces in the airways, skin and gut, marshalling in the process distinct immune regulatory circuits operative in the respective tissues. Treg cells are coordinately mobilized with allergic effector mechanisms in the context of a tissue-protective allergic inflammatory response against parasites, toxins and potentially harmful allergens, serving to both limit the inflammation and promote local tissue repair. Allergic diseases are associated with subverted Treg cell responses whereby a chronic allergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward pathogenic phenotypes that both perpetuate and aggravate disease. Interruption of Treg cell subversion in chronic allergic inflammatory conditions may thus provide novel therapeutic strategies by re-establishing effective immune regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101847"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41217820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical modulation of gasdermin D activity: Therapeutic implications and consequences","authors":"Bowen Zhou, Derek W. Abbott","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gasdermin family of proteins are central effectors of the inflammatory, lytic cell death modality known as pyroptosis. Characterized in 2015, the most well-studied member gasdermin D can be proteolyzed, typically by caspases, to generate an active pore-forming N-terminal domain. At least well-studied three pharmacological inhibitors (necrosulfonamide, disulfiram, dimethyl fumarate) since 2018 have been shown to affect gasdermin D activity either through modulation of processing or interference with pore formation. A multitude of murine in vivo studies have since followed. Here, we discuss the current state of research surrounding these three inhibitors, caveats to their use, and a set of guiding principles that researchers should consider when pursuing further studies of gasdermin D inhibition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101845"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duygu Yazici , Ismail Ogulur , Yagiz Pat , Huseyn Babayev , Elena Barletta , Sena Ardicli , Manal Bel imam , Mengting Huang , Jana Koch , Manru Li , Debbie Maurer , Urszula Radzikowska , Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa , Stephan R. Schneider , Na Sun , Stephan Traidl , Alexandra Wallimann , Sebastian Wawrocki , Damir Zhakparov , Danielle Fehr , Cezmi A. Akdis
{"title":"The epithelial barrier: The gateway to allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions","authors":"Duygu Yazici , Ismail Ogulur , Yagiz Pat , Huseyn Babayev , Elena Barletta , Sena Ardicli , Manal Bel imam , Mengting Huang , Jana Koch , Manru Li , Debbie Maurer , Urszula Radzikowska , Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa , Stephan R. Schneider , Na Sun , Stephan Traidl , Alexandra Wallimann , Sebastian Wawrocki , Damir Zhakparov , Danielle Fehr , Cezmi A. Akdis","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the 1960 s, our health has been compromised by exposure to over 350,000 newly introduced toxic substances, contributing to the current pandemic in allergic, autoimmune and metabolic diseases. The \"Epithelial Barrier Theory\" postulates that these diseases are exacerbated by persistent periepithelial inflammation (epithelitis) triggered by exposure to a wide range of epithelial barrier-damaging substances as well as genetic susceptibility. The epithelial barrier serves as the body's primary physical, chemical, and immunological barrier against external stimuli. A leaky epithelial barrier facilitates the translocation of the microbiome from the surface of the afflicted tissues to interepithelial and even deeper subepithelial locations. In turn, opportunistic bacterial colonization, microbiota dysbiosis, local inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration and remodelling follow. Migration of inflammatory cells to susceptible tissues contributes to damage and inflammation, initiating and aggravating many chronic inflammatory diseases. The objective of this review is to highlight and evaluate recent studies on epithelial physiology and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases in light of the epithelial barrier theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101846"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The noncanonical inflammasome-induced pyroptosis and septic shock","authors":"Junru Wu , Jingjing Cai , Yiting Tang , Ben Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sepsis remains one of the most common and lethal conditions globally. Currently, no proposed target specific to sepsis improves survival in clinical trials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis is needed to propel the discovery of effective treatment. Recently attention to sepsis has intensified because of a growing recognition of a non-canonical inflammasome-triggered lytic mode of cell death termed pyroptosis upon sensing cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although the consequences of activation of the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome are similar, the non-canonical inflammasome formation requires caspase-4/5/11, which enzymatically cleave the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) and thereby cause pyroptosis. The non-canonical inflammasome assembly triggers such inflammatory cell death by itself; or leverages a secondary activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Excessive cell death induced by oligomerization of GSDMD and NINJ1 leads to cytokine release and massive tissue damage, facilitating devastating consequences and death. This review summarized the updated mechanisms that initiate and regulate non-canonical inflammasome activation and pyroptosis and highlighted various endogenous or synthetic molecules as potential therapeutic targets for treating sepsis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101844"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The immunology and cell biology of T cell aging","authors":"Jörg J. Goronzy, Nan-ping Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101843"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Han Noll , Bruce L. Levine , Carl H. June , Joseph A. Fraietta
{"title":"Beyond youth: Understanding CAR T cell fitness in the context of immunological aging","authors":"Julia Han Noll , Bruce L. Levine , Carl H. June , Joseph A. Fraietta","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Population aging, a pervasive global demographic trend, is anticipated to challenge health and social systems worldwide. This phenomenon is due to medical advancements enabling longer lifespans, with 20% of the US population soon to be over 65 years old. Consequently, there will be a surge in age-related diseases. Senescence, characterized by the loss of biological maintenance and homeostasis at molecular and cellular levels, either correlates with or directly causes age-related phenotypic changes. Decline of the immune system is a critical factor in the senescence process, with cancer being a primary cause of death in elderly populations. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, an innovative approach, has demonstrated success mainly in pediatric and young adult hematological malignancies but remains largely ineffective for diseases affecting older populations, such as late-in-life B cell malignancies and most solid tumor indications. This limitation arises because CAR T cell efficacy heavily relies on the fitness of the patient-derived starting T cell material. Numerous studies suggest that T cell senescence may be a key driver of CAR T cell deficiency. This review examines correlates and underlying factors associated with favorable CAR T cell outcomes and explores potential experimental and clinically actionable strategies for T cell rejuvenation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101840"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Djamel Nehar-Belaid , Mark Sokolowski , Sathyabaarathi Ravichandran , Jacques Banchereau , Damien Chaussabel , Duygu Ucar
{"title":"Baseline immune states (BIS) associated with vaccine responsiveness and factors that shape the BIS","authors":"Djamel Nehar-Belaid , Mark Sokolowski , Sathyabaarathi Ravichandran , Jacques Banchereau , Damien Chaussabel , Duygu Ucar","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vaccines are among the greatest inventions in medicine, leading to the elimination or control of numerous diseases, including smallpox, polio, measles, rubella, and, most recently, COVID-19. Yet, the effectiveness of vaccines varies among individuals. In fact, while some recipients mount a robust response to vaccination that protects them from the disease, others fail to respond. Multiple clinical and epidemiological factors contribute to this heterogeneity in responsiveness. Systems immunology studies fueled by advances in single-cell biology have been instrumental in uncovering pre-vaccination immune cell types and genomic features (i.e., the baseline immune state, BIS) that have been associated with vaccine responsiveness. Here, we review clinical factors that shape the BIS, and the characteristics of the BIS associated with responsiveness to frequently studied vaccines (i.e., influenza, COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, malaria). Finally, we discuss potential strategies to enhance vaccine responsiveness in high-risk groups, focusing specifically on older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101842"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rob J. de Boer , Kiki Tesselaar , José A.M. Borghans
{"title":"Better safe than sorry: Naive T-cell dynamics in healthy ageing","authors":"Rob J. de Boer , Kiki Tesselaar , José A.M. Borghans","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well-known that the functioning of the immune system gradually deteriorates with age, and we are increasingly confronted with its consequences as the life expectancy of the human population increases. Changes in the T-cell pool are among the most prominent features of the changing immune system during healthy ageing, and changes in the naive T-cell pool in particular are generally held responsible for its gradual deterioration. These changes in the naive T-cell pool are thought to be due to involution of the thymus. It is commonly believed that the gradual loss of thymic output induces compensatory mechanisms to maintain the number of naive T cells at a relatively constant level, and induces a loss of diversity in the T-cell repertoire. Here we review the studies that support or challenge this widely-held view of immune ageing and discuss the implications for vaccination strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101839"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10261713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}