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B cells and the intestinal microbiome in time, space and place B细胞与肠道菌群在时间、空间和地点上的关系
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101806
Oliver Pabst , Carla R. Nowosad
{"title":"B cells and the intestinal microbiome in time, space and place","authors":"Oliver Pabst ,&nbsp;Carla R. Nowosad","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gut immune system is shaped by the continuous interaction with the microbiota. Here we dissect temporal, spatial and contextual layers of gut B cell responses. The microbiota impacts on the selection of the developing pool of pre-immune B cells that serves as substrate for B cell activation, expansion and differentiation. However, various aspects of the gut B cell response display unique features. In particular, occurrence of somatically mutated B cells, chronic gut germinal centers in T cell-deficient settings and polyreactive binding of gut IgA to the microbiota questioned the nature and microbiota-specificity of gut germinal centers. We propose a model to reconcile these observations incorporating recent work demonstrating microbiota-specificity of gut germinal centers. We speculate that adjuvant effects of the microbiota might modify permissiveness for B cell to enter and exit gut germinal centers. We propose that separating aspects of time, space and place facilitate the occasionally puzzling discussion of gut B cell responses to the microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101806"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10157617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbial gasdermins: More than a billion years of pyroptotic-like cell death 微生物气胚层:超过十亿年的类似热腐的细胞死亡
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813
Qi Zheng , Asen Daskalov
{"title":"Microbial gasdermins: More than a billion years of pyroptotic-like cell death","authors":"Qi Zheng ,&nbsp;Asen Daskalov","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the recent past, the concept of immunity has been extended to eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, like fungi and bacteria. The latest findings have drawn remarkable evolutionary parallels between metazoan and microbial defense-related genes, unveiling a growing number of shared transkingdom components of immune systems. One such component is the gasdermin family of pore-forming proteins – executioners of a highly inflammatory immune cell death program in mammals, termed pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cell death limits the spread of intracellular pathogens by eliminating infected cells and coordinates the broader inflammatory response to infection. The microbial gasdermins have similarly been implicated in defense-related cell death reactions in fungi, bacteria and archaea. Moreover, the discovery of the molecular regulators of gasdermin cytotoxicity in fungi and bacteria, has established additional evolutionary links to mammalian pyroptotic pathways. Here, we focus on the gasdermin proteins in microorganisms and their role in organismal defense and provide perspective on this remarkable case study in comparative immunology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101813"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10157621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pyroptosis and the cellular consequences of gasdermin pores Pyroposis和gasdermin毛孔的细胞后果。
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101803
Hanna C. Huston , Marisa J. Anderson , Susan L. Fink
{"title":"Pyroptosis and the cellular consequences of gasdermin pores","authors":"Hanna C. Huston ,&nbsp;Marisa J. Anderson ,&nbsp;Susan L. Fink","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The family of gasdermin proteins plays a key role in the host response against external and internal pathogenic signals by mediating the form of inflammatory regulated cell death known as pyroptosis. One of the most well-studied gasdermins within innate immunity is gasdermin D, which is cleaved, oligomerizes, and forms plasma membrane pores. Gasdermin D pores lead to a number of downstream cellular consequences including plasma membrane rupture, or cell lysis. In this review, we describe mechanisms of activation for each of the gasdermins, their cell type specificity and some disease associations. We then discuss downstream consequences of gasdermin pore formation, including cellular mechanisms of membrane repair. Finally, we present some important next steps to better understand pyroptosis and the cellular consequences of gasdermin pore formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101803"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10167088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributions of the early-life microbiome to childhood atopy and asthma development 早期生命微生物组对儿童特应性和哮喘发展的贡献
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795
Holly Steininger , Jacqueline Moltzau-Anderson , Susan V. Lynch
{"title":"Contributions of the early-life microbiome to childhood atopy and asthma development","authors":"Holly Steininger ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Moltzau-Anderson ,&nbsp;Susan V. Lynch","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid rise in atopy and asthma in industrialized nations has led to the identification of early life environmental factors that promote these conditions and spurred research into how such exposures may mediate the trajectory to childhood disease development. Over the past decade, the human microbiome has emerged as a key determinant of human health. This is largely due to the increasing appreciation for the myriad of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms by which microbes tune and train host immunity. Microbiomes, particularly those in early life, are shaped by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including many of the exposures known to influence allergy and asthma risk. This has led to the over-arching hypothesis that such exposures mediate their effect on childhood atopy and asthma by altering the functions and metabolic productivity of microbiomes that shape immune function during this critical developmental period. The capacity to study microbiomes at the genetic and molecular level in humans from the pre-natal period into childhood with well-defined clinical outcomes, offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify early-life and inter-generational determinants of atopy and asthma outcomes. Moreover, such studies provide an integrative microbiome research framework that can be applied to other chronic inflammatory conditions. This review attempts to capture key studies in the field that offer insights into the developmental origins of childhood atopy and asthma, providing novel insights into microbial mediators of maladaptive immunity and chronic inflammatory disease in childhood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101795"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10166598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Immune aging – A mechanism in autoimmune disease 免疫老化——自身免疫性疾病的一种机制
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101814
Yanyan Zheng , Qingxiang Liu , Jorg J. Goronzy , Cornelia M. Weyand
{"title":"Immune aging – A mechanism in autoimmune disease","authors":"Yanyan Zheng ,&nbsp;Qingxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Jorg J. Goronzy ,&nbsp;Cornelia M. Weyand","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence is emerging that the process of immune aging is a mechanism leading to autoimmunity. Over lifetime, the immune system adapts to profound changes in hematopoiesis and lymphogenesis, and progressively restructures in face of an ever-expanding exposome. Older adults fail to generate adequate immune responses against microbial infections and tumors, but accumulate aged T cells, B cells and myeloid cells. Age-associated B cells are highly efficient in autoantibody production. T-cell aging promotes the accrual of end-differentiated effector T cells with potent cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory abilities and myeloid cell aging supports a low grade, sterile and chronic inflammatory state (inflammaging). In pre-disposed individuals, immune aging can lead to frank autoimmune disease, manifesting with chronic inflammation and irreversible tissue damage. Emerging data support the concept that autoimmunity results from aging-induced failure of fundamental cellular processes in immune effector cells: genomic instability, loss of mitochondrial fitness, failing proteostasis, dwindling lysosomal degradation and inefficient autophagy. Here, we have reviewed the evidence that malfunctional mitochondria, disabled lysosomes and stressed endoplasmic reticula induce pathogenic T cells and macrophages that drive two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA). Recognizing immune aging as a risk factor for autoimmunity will open new avenues of immunomodulatory therapy, including the repair of malfunctioning mitochondria and lysosomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101814"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10158130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Harnessing the power of oncolytic virotherapy and tertiary lymphoid structures to amplify antitumor immune responses in cancer patients 利用溶瘤病毒疗法和三级淋巴样结构的力量来增强癌症患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101796
Ana Houel , Johann Foloppe , Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
{"title":"Harnessing the power of oncolytic virotherapy and tertiary lymphoid structures to amplify antitumor immune responses in cancer patients","authors":"Ana Houel ,&nbsp;Johann Foloppe ,&nbsp;Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic aggregates of immune cells that develop in non-lymphoid tissues under persistent inflammation. Since their presence has been associated with a better prognosis in cancer patients, modulating TLS formation is being part of new challenges in immunotherapy. Although mechanisms underlying TLS genesis are still not fully understood, different strategies have been developed in preclinical models to induce their formation and ultimately enhance antitumor responses. Herein, we will discuss a new approach that would consist in using oncolytic viruses (OV). These viruses have the unique feature to preferentially infect, replicate in and kill cancer cells. Their immunoadjuvant property, their use as a vector of therapeutic molecules and their selectivity for cancer cells, make them an attractive strategy to induce TLS in the tumor microenvironment. This review will examine the current knowledge about TLS neogenesis, approaches for inducing them, and relevance of using OV for this purpose, especially in combination with immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint blockade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10537765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitochondria during T cell aging T细胞老化过程中的线粒体
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808
Jose Ignacio Escrig-Larena , Sandra Delgado-Pulido , María Mittelbrunn
{"title":"Mitochondria during T cell aging","authors":"Jose Ignacio Escrig-Larena ,&nbsp;Sandra Delgado-Pulido ,&nbsp;María Mittelbrunn","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging that contributes to inflammaging. It is characterized by alterations of the mitochondrial DNA, reduced respiratory capacity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production. These primary alterations disrupt other interconnected and important mitochondrial-related processes such as metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, mitophagy, calcium homeostasis or apoptosis. In this review, we gather the current knowledge about the different mitochondrial processes which are altered during aging, with special focus on their contribution to age-associated T cell dysfunction and inflammaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101808"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10157619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The gut mucus network: A dynamic liaison between microbes and the immune system 肠道粘液网络:微生物和免疫系统之间的动态联系
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101807
Rain Inaba, Sara Vujakovic, Kirk Bergstrom
{"title":"The gut mucus network: A dynamic liaison between microbes and the immune system","authors":"Rain Inaba,&nbsp;Sara Vujakovic,&nbsp;Kirk Bergstrom","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A complex mucus network made up of large polymers of the mucin-family glycoprotein MUC2 exists between the large intestinal microbial mass and epithelial and immune cells. This has long been understood as an innate immune defense barrier against the microbiota and other luminal threats that reinforces the barrier function of the epithelium and limits microbiota contact with the tissues. However, past and recent studies have provided new evidence of how critical the mucus network is to act as a ‘liaison’ between host and microbe to mediate anti-inflammatory, mutualistic interactions with the microbiota and protection from pathogens. This review summarizes historical and recent insights into the formation of the gut mucus network, how the microbes and immune system influence mucus, and in turn, how the mucus influences immune responses to the microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10169067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Age-dependent changes in T follicular helper cells shape the humoral immune response to vaccination T卵泡辅助细胞的年龄依赖性变化影响疫苗的体液免疫反应
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101801
Michelle A. Linterman
{"title":"Age-dependent changes in T follicular helper cells shape the humoral immune response to vaccination","authors":"Michelle A. Linterman","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vaccination is an excellent strategy to limit the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious disease. Vaccination creates protective, long-lived antibody-mediated immunity by inducing the germinal centre response, an intricate immune reaction that produces memory B cells and long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells that provide protection against (re)infection. The magnitude and quality of the germinal centre response declines with age, contributing to poor vaccine-induced immunity in older individuals. T follicular helper cells are essential for the formation and function of the germinal centre response. This review will discuss how age-dependent changes in T follicular helper cells influence the germinal centre response, and the evidence that age-dependent changes need not be a barrier to successful vaccination in the later years of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101801"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions 数量和几率：TCR的曲目大小及其年龄变化对T细胞功能的影响。
IF 7.8 2区 医学
Seminars in Immunology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810
Nan-ping Weng
{"title":"Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions","authors":"Nan-ping Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A vast array of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is generated during T cell development in the thymus through V(D)J recombination, which involves the rearrangement of multiple V, D, and J genes and the pairing of α and β chains. These diverse TCRs provide protection to the human body against a multitude of foreign pathogens and internal cancer cells. The entirety of TCRs present in an individual's T cells is referred to as the TCR repertoire. Despite an estimated 4 × 10<sup>11</sup> T cells in the adult human body, the lower bound estimate for the TCR repertoire is 3.8 × 10<sup>8</sup>. While the number of circulating T cells may slightly decrease with age, the changes in the diversity of the TCR repertoire is more apparent. Here, I review recent advancements in TCR repertoire studies, the methods used to measure it, how richness and diversity change as humans age, and some of the known consequences associated with these changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101810"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10223114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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