{"title":"To die or not to die: Gasdermins in intestinal health and disease","authors":"Zhaoyu Lin , Qianyue Chen , Hai-Bin Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2024.101865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2024.101865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Intestinal homeostasis<span> is achieved by the balance among intestinal epithelium, </span></span>immune cells<span><span><span>, and gut microbiota. Gasdermins (GSDMs), a family of membrane pore forming proteins, can trigger rapid inflammatory </span>cell death<span> in the gut, mainly pyroptosis and </span></span>NETosis<span><span>. Importantly, there is increasing literature on the non-cell lytic roles of GSDMs in intestinal homeostasis and disease. While GSDMA is low and PJVK is not expressed in the gut, high GSDMB and GSDMC expression is found almost restrictively in intestinal epithelial cells. Conversely, GSDMD and GSDME show more ubiquitous expression among various cell types in the gut. The N-terminal region of GSDMs can be liberated for pore formation by an array of proteases in response to pathogen- and danger-associated signals, but it is not fully understood what cell type-specific mechanisms activate intestinal GSDMs. The host relies on GSDMs for </span>pathogen defense, tissue tolerance, and cancerous cell death; however, pro-inflammatory milieu caused by pyroptosis and excessive </span></span></span>cytokine release<span><span> may favor the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Therefore, a thorough understanding of spatiotemporal mechanisms that control gasdermin expression, activation, and function is essential for the development of future therapeutics for </span>intestinal disorders.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101865"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana G. Rodrigues , Schalk van der Merwe , Aleksander Krag , Reiner Wiest
{"title":"Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases","authors":"Susana G. Rodrigues , Schalk van der Merwe , Aleksander Krag , Reiner Wiest","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101859"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044532323001501/pdfft?md5=5bbaf2ad5c0e43b228181a2f627c2904&pid=1-s2.0-S1044532323001501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139436035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells: A critical axis in cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Christine Moussion, Lélia Delamarre","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2023.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in shaping adaptive immunity<span>. DCs have a unique ability to sample their environment, capture and process exogenous antigens into peptides that are then loaded onto major histocompatibility complex class I molecules for presentation to CD8</span></span><sup>+</sup> T cells. This process, called cross-presentation, is essential for initiating and regulating CD8<sup>+</sup><span> T cell responses against tumors and intracellular pathogens<span><span>. In this review, we will discuss the role of DCs in cancer immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying antigen cross-presentation by DCs, the </span>immunosuppressive factors that limit the efficiency of this process in cancer, and approaches to overcome DC dysfunction and therapeutically promote antitumoral immunity.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138454022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulated cell death in neutrophils: From apoptosis to NETosis and pyroptosis","authors":"Léonie Dejas , Karin Santoni , Etienne Meunier , Mohamed Lamkanfi","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neutrophils are among the most abundant immune cells, representing about 50%− 70% of all circulating leukocytes in humans. Neutrophils rapidly infiltrate inflamed tissues and play an essential role in host defense against infections. They exert microbicidal activity through a variety of specialized effector mechanisms, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, degranulation and release of secretory vesicles containing broad-spectrum antimicrobial factors. In addition to their homeostatic turnover by apoptosis, recent studies have revealed the mechanisms by which neutrophils undergo various forms of regulated cell death. In this review, we will discuss the different modes of regulated cell death that have been described in neutrophils, with a particular emphasis on the current understanding of neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in infections and autoinflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101849"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044532323001409/pdfft?md5=723dc4d31f3a7c07cb0be749795e9ff2&pid=1-s2.0-S1044532323001409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue: Antigen cross-presentation","authors":"Peter van Endert","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101850"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72211607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Benamar , Qian Chen , Monica Martinez-Blanco , Talal A. Chatila
{"title":"Regulatory T cells in allergic inflammation","authors":"Mehdi Benamar , Qian Chen , Monica Martinez-Blanco , Talal A. Chatila","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance to allergens at the environmental interfaces in the airways, skin and gut, marshalling in the process distinct immune regulatory circuits operative in the respective tissues. Treg cells are coordinately mobilized with allergic effector mechanisms in the context of a tissue-protective allergic inflammatory response against parasites, toxins and potentially harmful allergens, serving to both limit the inflammation and promote local tissue repair. Allergic diseases are associated with subverted Treg cell responses whereby a chronic allergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward pathogenic phenotypes that both perpetuate and aggravate disease. Interruption of Treg cell subversion in chronic allergic inflammatory conditions may thus provide novel therapeutic strategies by re-establishing effective immune regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101847"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41217820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical modulation of gasdermin D activity: Therapeutic implications and consequences","authors":"Bowen Zhou, Derek W. Abbott","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gasdermin family of proteins are central effectors of the inflammatory, lytic cell death modality known as pyroptosis. Characterized in 2015, the most well-studied member gasdermin D can be proteolyzed, typically by caspases, to generate an active pore-forming N-terminal domain. At least well-studied three pharmacological inhibitors (necrosulfonamide, disulfiram, dimethyl fumarate) since 2018 have been shown to affect gasdermin D activity either through modulation of processing or interference with pore formation. A multitude of murine in vivo studies have since followed. Here, we discuss the current state of research surrounding these three inhibitors, caveats to their use, and a set of guiding principles that researchers should consider when pursuing further studies of gasdermin D inhibition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101845"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duygu Yazici , Ismail Ogulur , Yagiz Pat , Huseyn Babayev , Elena Barletta , Sena Ardicli , Manal Bel imam , Mengting Huang , Jana Koch , Manru Li , Debbie Maurer , Urszula Radzikowska , Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa , Stephan R. Schneider , Na Sun , Stephan Traidl , Alexandra Wallimann , Sebastian Wawrocki , Damir Zhakparov , Danielle Fehr , Cezmi A. Akdis
{"title":"The epithelial barrier: The gateway to allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions","authors":"Duygu Yazici , Ismail Ogulur , Yagiz Pat , Huseyn Babayev , Elena Barletta , Sena Ardicli , Manal Bel imam , Mengting Huang , Jana Koch , Manru Li , Debbie Maurer , Urszula Radzikowska , Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa , Stephan R. Schneider , Na Sun , Stephan Traidl , Alexandra Wallimann , Sebastian Wawrocki , Damir Zhakparov , Danielle Fehr , Cezmi A. Akdis","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the 1960 s, our health has been compromised by exposure to over 350,000 newly introduced toxic substances, contributing to the current pandemic in allergic, autoimmune and metabolic diseases. The \"Epithelial Barrier Theory\" postulates that these diseases are exacerbated by persistent periepithelial inflammation (epithelitis) triggered by exposure to a wide range of epithelial barrier-damaging substances as well as genetic susceptibility. The epithelial barrier serves as the body's primary physical, chemical, and immunological barrier against external stimuli. A leaky epithelial barrier facilitates the translocation of the microbiome from the surface of the afflicted tissues to interepithelial and even deeper subepithelial locations. In turn, opportunistic bacterial colonization, microbiota dysbiosis, local inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration and remodelling follow. Migration of inflammatory cells to susceptible tissues contributes to damage and inflammation, initiating and aggravating many chronic inflammatory diseases. The objective of this review is to highlight and evaluate recent studies on epithelial physiology and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases in light of the epithelial barrier theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101846"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The noncanonical inflammasome-induced pyroptosis and septic shock","authors":"Junru Wu , Jingjing Cai , Yiting Tang , Ben Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sepsis remains one of the most common and lethal conditions globally. Currently, no proposed target specific to sepsis improves survival in clinical trials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis is needed to propel the discovery of effective treatment. Recently attention to sepsis has intensified because of a growing recognition of a non-canonical inflammasome-triggered lytic mode of cell death termed pyroptosis upon sensing cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although the consequences of activation of the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome are similar, the non-canonical inflammasome formation requires caspase-4/5/11, which enzymatically cleave the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) and thereby cause pyroptosis. The non-canonical inflammasome assembly triggers such inflammatory cell death by itself; or leverages a secondary activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Excessive cell death induced by oligomerization of GSDMD and NINJ1 leads to cytokine release and massive tissue damage, facilitating devastating consequences and death. This review summarized the updated mechanisms that initiate and regulate non-canonical inflammasome activation and pyroptosis and highlighted various endogenous or synthetic molecules as potential therapeutic targets for treating sepsis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101844"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The immunology and cell biology of T cell aging","authors":"Jörg J. Goronzy, Nan-ping Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smim.2023.101843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49546,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunology","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101843"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}