Jorge Tomio Takahashi MD , Isabela S. Alves MD , Eloisa M.S. Gebrim MD, PhD , Vinícius Trindade Gonçalves MD
{"title":"Imaging of Vertigo and Dizziness: A Site-based Approach Part 2 (Membranous Labyrinth and Cerebellopontine Angle)","authors":"Jorge Tomio Takahashi MD , Isabela S. Alves MD , Eloisa M.S. Gebrim MD, PhD , Vinícius Trindade Gonçalves MD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dizziness and vertigo, a prevalent and often debilitating symptom, can be attributed to various lesions involving the inner ear and cerebellopontine angle. Diagnostic imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging, is crucial in diagnosing and differentiating these conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of imaging characteristics related to common causes of dizziness and vertigo, including labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, and tumors. It highlights distinguishing between these conditions to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 5","pages":"Pages 372-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabela S. Alves MD , Maria da Graça Morais Martin MD, PhD
{"title":"Anatomy and Embryology of the Middle Ear, Labyrinth, and Intracranial Vestibular Pathways","authors":"Isabela S. Alves MD , Maria da Graça Morais Martin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intricate anatomy and embryology of the middle ear, labyrinth, and vertigo-related intracranial pathways involve complex developmental processes and contributions from multiple germ layers. The middle ear, comprised of the tympanic cavity, ossicles, and Eustachian tube, develops from the first and second branchial arches and clefts. In contrast, the inner ear originates from the otic vesicle, forming the bony and membranous labyrinths. The embryological timeline spans from the 40th day of gestation to the 24th week. The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII cranial nerve) emerges with the inner ear structures and is essential for auditory and vestibular functions. The brainstem integrates sensory inputs from the labyrinth through various nuclei and pathways, contributing to balance and spatial awareness. This review highlights the critical developmental stages and anatomical details relevant to understanding auditory and vestibular system disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 5","pages":"Pages 353-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiago B.F. Feitosa MD , Thiago J.P. Lopes MD , Isabela S. Alves MD , Ula L. Passos MD, PhD , Eloisa M.S. Gebrim MD, PhD
{"title":"Practical imaging for Ménière’s disease","authors":"Thiago B.F. Feitosa MD , Thiago J.P. Lopes MD , Isabela S. Alves MD , Ula L. Passos MD, PhD , Eloisa M.S. Gebrim MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ménière's disease (MD) is a chronic disorder of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. The pathophysiology of MD involves endolymphatic hydrops, an abnormal accumulation of endolymph fluid, although the exact cause remains unclear, potentially involving genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. Recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging have significantly enhanced diagnostic capabilities. This technique uses gadolinium-based contrast agents to differentiate between endolymph and perilymph. Imaging techniques such as 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and 3-dimensional-real-inversion recovery sequences are used to classify endolymphatic hydrops into grades based on the severity of dilation in the cochlea and vestibule. The degree of perilymphatic enhancement, indicative of blood-labyrinthine barrier breakdown, further aids in diagnosing MD. Accurate diagnosis relies on distinguishing between perilymphatic and endolymphatic enhancement patterns and recognizing mimicking conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 5","pages":"Pages 395-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Chest Computed Tomography Findings Following COVID-19 Pneumonia","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Respiratory symptoms are a frequent manifestation of patients with post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as long-COVID. Many cohorts of predominantly hospitalized patients have shown that a significant subset may have persistent chest </span>computed tomography findings for more than 12 months after the acute infection. Proper understanding of the evolving long-term imaging findings and terminology is crucial for accurate imaging interpretation and patient care. The goal of this article is to review the chronic chest computed tomography findings of patients with PASC and common pitfalls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 298-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric Presentations of COVID-19 and Pertinent Radiologic Findings","authors":"Augustin Msellati , Caitlyn Loo , Lara Toerien , Tara Catanzano","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the 2019 worldwide pandemic, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 responsible for COVID-19 disease, not only had global economic repercussions but millions of individuals health were also put at risk. Like any other respiratory illness, COVID-19 has a variety of presentations and radiological features. While COVID-19 infections in the pediatric population generally present with better prognosis and lower mortality rates when compared to those of adults, in the vulnerable populations however, severe presentations are often more frequent and can have catastrophic consequences. This paper will specifically address pediatric presentations of COVID-19 including those suffering from multisystem inflammation, along with their radiologic manifestations and image findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 339-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887217124000441/pdfft?md5=48bb608daf5a6e89d0ea764b03eb33cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0887217124000441-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency Presentations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Review of the Literature and Radiologic Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the debilitating global pandemic known as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this paper, we highlight the widespread manifestations and complications across disease systems. In addition, we present their relevant imaging findings to inform appropriate investigations and management in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with COVID-19 and its respective sequalae. Of note, we outline considerations for diagnosis of long COVID, an important medium to long term sequalae in patients with previous COVID-19 infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088721712400043X/pdfft?md5=9d3dff1595925f4239245e15e7d616d8&pid=1-s2.0-S088721712400043X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 Neuroimaging Update: Pathophysiology, Acute Findings, and Post-Acute Developments","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COVID-19 has prominent effects on the nervous system with important manifestations on neuroimaging. In this review, we discuss the neuroimaging appearance of acute COVID-19 that became evident during the early stages of the pandemic. We highlight the underlying pathophysiology mediating nervous system effects and neuroimaging appearances including systemic inflammatory response such as cytokine storm, coagulopathy, and para/post-infections immune mediated phenomena. We also discuss the nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of imaging as the pandemic has evolved over time, including related to the development of vaccines and the emergence of post-acute sequalae such as long COVID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 318-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating Acute Pulmonary Changes of Coronavirus 2019: Comparative Analysis of the Pertinent Modalities","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review explores imaging’s crucial role in acute Coronavirus Disease 2019<span><span><span> (COVID-19) assessment. High Resolution Computer Tomography<span> is especially effective in detection of lung abnormalities. Chest radiography<span> has limited utility in the initial stages of COVID-19 infection. Lung Ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, radiation-free tool in critical care, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows promise as a Computed Tomography alternative. Typical and atypical findings of COVID-19 by each of these modalities are discussed with emphasis on their prognostic value. Considerations for </span></span></span>pediatric and immunocompromised cases are outlined. A comprehensive diagnostic approach is recommended, as </span>radiological diagnosis remains challenging in the acute phase.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Financial Impact of COVID on Radiology Health Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The coronavirus<span> pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) was arguably the most pivotal global event that current generations have witnessed, with unprecedented global challenges, and colossal effects on health systems. The financial consequences, in particular, were profound and far-reaching. Staggering estimates of up to $50.7 billion dollars per month in lost revenue for the US health system were reported by the American Hospital Association (Kaye et al., 2021). The pandemic caused significant increases in cost of drugs, disruptions to </span></span>medical supply<span> chains, day-to-day workflow, and operations in all areas of medicine and various healthcare systems. Radiology experienced a significant burden of the damage, finding itself at the forefront of the pandemic’s economic fallout (American Hospital Association).</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 309-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of COVID on Health Systems: The Workforce and Telemedicine Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly strained global health systems<span>, leading to the rapid adoption of telemedicine<span> and changes in workforce management. Previously underused, telemedicine became an essential means of delivering healthcare while adhering to </span></span></span>physical distancing<span><span> guidelines. This transition addressed longstanding barriers like connectivity issues. Simultaneously, the radiology sector innovated by widely implementing remote reading stations, which helped manage exposure risks and conserve human resources. Moreover, the pandemic highlighted the critical role of technological advancements beyond telemedicine, such as the accelerated integration of AI in </span>diagnostics and management. This article examines these comprehensive effects, emphasizing the remote work adaptations and innovations in healthcare systems that have reshaped both healthcare delivery and workforce dynamics during the pandemic.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 314-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}