Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri最新文献

{"title":"Sonographic Assessment of Cervical Length in Placenta Previa Compared With Normal Pregnancy During The Early Third Trimester.","authors":"Javeria Khan, Fizza Yaqoob, Arif Rasheed","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Placenta previa is a significant obstetric disorder linked to preterm delivery and antepartum hemorrhage. The importance of cervical shortening in early third trimester has not been adequately proven, also there is little evidence of early third-trimester monitoring using transabdominal sonography (TAS) at 28-32 weeks of gestation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the cervical length in the placenta previa and normal pregnancy group at 28-32 and the prevalence of a short cervix (≤25 mm) in placenta previa with the use of TAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months in the Radiology departments of tertiary hospitals in Rawalpindi. The 70 pregnant women (35 with placenta previa; 35 with normal pregnancy) were sampled. TAS used in measuring cervical length measured the internal to external os in the sagittal plane of measurement, and these measurements were in millimeters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean cervical length was significantly lower in the placenta previa group than in the normal pregnancy group (24.37 ± 5.34 mm vs. 34.46 ± 4.07 mm; p < 0.001). Short cervix (≤25 mm) was observed in 51.4% of placenta previa cases and in none of the normal pregnancies (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest an association between placenta previa and cervical shortening and may justify closer clinical surveillance in the early third trimester.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149289547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malpractice Insurance in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology: Understanding Liability Risk and Coverage Considerations.","authors":"Anshal Vyas, Marium Khan, Sherwin Chan, Christopher M Walker","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malpractice risk in radiology reflects the dual nature of the specialty: diagnostic radiologists direct patient care through interpretation, reporting, and communication of radiographic studies while interventional radiologists assume additional responsibility through invasive procedures and peri-procedural management. Diagnostic radiology claims commonly involve missed or delayed diagnoses, emergency imaging, oncologic interpretation errors, communication failures, and follow-up gaps. Interventional radiology claims more often center on procedural complications, informed consent, delayed recognition of adverse events, and post-procedural care. Malpractice insurance is therefore not merely an administrative requirement - it is a practical component of professional risk management. Radiologists should understand their coverage type, policy limits, and tail coverage, as well as how their coverage applies to activities such as moonlighting, teleradiology, trainee supervision, and procedural practice. This review summarizes major liability patterns in diagnostic and interventional radiology, outlines core malpractice insurance concepts, and highlights risk-reduction strategies grounded in communication, documentation, follow-up systems, informed consent, peer learning, and coverage awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Radiologists' Guide to Home Buying: Practical Guidance for Training and Early Practice.","authors":"Anam I Chouhdry, Cindy Lee, Shoeb Chaudry, Russ F Saypoff, Vishal K Patel, Fatima I Chouhdry","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physicians reach the housing market at an awkward moment: peak educational debt, modest trainee income, frequent relocation, and an abrupt income transition at the start of attending practice. This review provides practical guidance on the first home purchase for radiologists in training and early practice. We address the decision to buy against realistic time horizons, financing options including physician mortgage products, the search and inspection process, negotiation and closing, and the recurring costs of ownership, drawing on current data on physician debt, radiologist compensation, housing prices, and early-career job attrition. The central conclusion is simple: buyers with short or uncertain horizons are usually better served by renting, while buyers with verified stability can purchase with confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Insurance: How to Gain Protection Against the Unexpected.","authors":"Marium M Khan, Anshal Vyas, Christopher M Walker, Sherwin S Chan","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insurance is essential for managing risk and is a key part of a good financial plan, and insurance needs evolve as radiologists progress through their careers. This review discusses personal insurance for radiologists, organized around the products most critical to long-term financial security: disability insurance, life insurance, and umbrella liability coverage, followed by an overview of property insurance and emerging exposures such as cyber and identity theft. The review also addresses when specific insurance products become less necessary as assets accumulate over a career. The goal is to provide radiologists at all career stages with a practical, evidence-informed guide to building and adjusting a personal insurance portfolio that protects their income, assets, and family.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investing 101: Foundational Rules for Building Long-Term Wealth.","authors":"Christopher M Walker, Gregory M Lee, Sherwin S Chan","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is limited financial education during medical training, despite physicians attaining high lifetime incomes and facing complex financial decisions. As a result, many radiologists enter practice with limited knowledge in personal investing and wealth management. This article presents a practical, evidence-informed framework for long-term investing tailored to physicians. We propose four core principles. First, limit exposure to higher risk assets such as individual stocks and cryptocurrencies to a small portion of the portfolio, given the risks of concentration and higher volatility and range of returns. Second, build the foundation of wealth using broadly diversified, low-cost index funds rather than actively managed funds, which have historically underperformed after fees. Third, select a reasonable asset allocation and maintain it consistently through market cycles, emphasizing simplicity and behavioral discipline. Fourth, prioritize a high and consistent savings rate, ideally at least 20% of gross income and begin investing early to maximize the benefits of compounding. Together, these principles emphasize that successful investing is driven less by security selection and more by disciplined adherence to simple, long-term strategies. The objective is not to maximize short-term returns, but to achieve durable financial independence and flexibility, enabling physicians to align professional activity with personal and financial goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road map to Financial Independence: Foundation for Early- and Mid-Career Attending Radiologists.","authors":"Jack Porrino, Dennis Caruana, Mahan Mathur, Puneet Bhargava","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2026.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To provide a practical framework for early- and mid-career attending radiologists navigating the transition from delayed earnings and educational debt to higher income and long-term financial planning.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Durable financial systems are generally more useful than product-specific strategies. Key steps include controlling early fixed expenses; creating a written debt repayment and investment plan; automating retirement saving; maintaining an accessible emergency reserve; using broadly diversified, low-cost funds; and protecting future income and dependents with appropriate insurance and estate planning. Common heuristics, such as saving 25 times annual spending or holding 3 to 6 months of essential expenses in cash, are planning starting points rather than guarantees and should be individualized to spending, taxes, debt, benefits, family circumstances, and risk tolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High physician income creates substantial opportunity but does not ensure financial security. Simple, low-cost, repeatable systems that can withstand job changes, market declines, and family transitions may help physicians convert income into durable financial independence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Clinician-Recorded ACR TI-RADS Features on ChatGPT-5.4-Based Thyroid Nodule Classification.","authors":"Ziman Chen, Fei Chen, Yingli Wang","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multimodal large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in medical image analysis, but their performance in the direct interpretation of thyroid ultrasound images remains limited. Whether clinician-recorded structured sonographic features can improve LLM-based thyroid nodule classification is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clinician-recorded structured ACR TI-RADS features on ChatGPT-5.4 thyroid nodule classification by comparing image-only, features-only, and combined image-and-feature input strategies. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 202 thyroid nodules from 153 patients with histopathological confirmation were included. ChatGPT-5.4 Thinking was evaluated under 3 input conditions: image-only analysis based on transverse and longitudinal grayscale ultrasound images, features-only analysis based on the 5 clinician-recorded ACR TI-RADS descriptors, and TI-RADS-informed analysis combining the same images with the structured descriptors. Agreement with pathology was assessed using Cohen's kappa, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Pairwise comparisons were performed using generalized estimating equations with Holm correction for multiple testing. Of the 202 nodules, 66 were benign and 136 were malignant. Accuracy was significantly higher with TI-RADS-informed than with image-only input (84.2% vs 73.8%; Holm-adjusted P = 0.001). Features-only input also achieved an accuracy of 84.2%, which was significantly higher than that of image-only input (Holm-adjusted P = 0.005). Compared with the features-only strategy, the TI-RADS-informed strategy had lower sensitivity (91.9% vs 96.3%; Holm-adjusted P = 0.088) but higher specificity (68.2% vs 59.1%; Holm-adjusted P = 0.026). Cohen's κ values were 0.415, 0.606, and 0.625 for image-only, features-only, and TI-RADS-informed analyses, respectively. Clinician-recorded structured ACR TI-RADS features improved ChatGPT-5.4 thyroid nodule classification accuracy when provided alongside ultrasound images. However, the combined strategy did not achieve higher overall accuracy than features-only input.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in Grayscale Ultrasound-Based Classification of Thyroid Nodules.","authors":"Ziman Chen, Yingli Wang, Fei Chen","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multimodal large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for medical image analysis, but their relative performance in thyroid ultrasound remains unclear. This study aimed to compare 6 publicly available multimodal LLMs for grayscale ultrasound-based classification of thyroid nodules. This prospective cross-sectional study included 178 patients with 239 thyroid nodules who underwent preoperative thyroid ultrasound followed by histopathological confirmation. Cropped grayscale ultrasound images of the maximal transverse and longitudinal views were analyzed by 6 publicly available multimodal LLMs: ChatGPT-5.4, Gemini 3.1 Pro, Claude Opus 4.6, Qwen3.6-Plus, Kimi K2.5, and ERNIE 5.0. All models were evaluated using the same image-input workflow and a standardized prompt, without fine-tuning or task-specific retraining. Agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Radiologist benchmarks were included for comparison. All 6 LLMs significantly distinguished benign from malignant nodules (all P ≤ 0.001). Gemini 3.1 Pro achieved the best overall performance, with a kappa value of 0.580 and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 77.1% (95% CI, 71.5%-82.7%). ChatGPT-5.4 and Qwen3.6-Plus each yielded an AUC of 73.5%, and Kimi K2.5 achieved an AUC of 71.3%. Claude Opus 4.6 and ERNIE 5.0 showed lower overall performance, with AUCs of 65.7% and 59.9%, respectively. The senior radiologist achieved higher diagnostic performance than all 6 LLMs. Publicly available multimodal LLMs showed measurable but heterogeneous performance in grayscale ultrasound-based thyroid nodule classification. Gemini 3.1 Pro demonstrated the best overall results, but none of the models matched senior radiologist-level performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Uncertainty.","authors":"Desiree E Morgan, Moozhan Nikpanah, Rachel Z Bass, Jordan D Perchik, Aliaksei Salei, Kathryn W Zamora, Mahmud Mossa-Basha","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncertainty is defined as the conscious awareness, or the subjective experience, of ignorance. Typically but not always experienced as an emotionally negative phenomenon, individuals possess and can improve a set of psychological responses known as uncertainty tolerance to engage uncertainty as opportunity. This is particularly important for leaders navigating organizational change. Unlike articles that describe diagnostic uncertainty in radiologic practice, this work focuses on the underpinnings of neurobiology, psychology, and stress responses to uncertainty in efforts to promote a new approach to understanding uncertainty for the practicing radiologist. Uncertainty's relationship to change, emotion, safety, and uncertainty tolerance are explained.</p>","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Health Examination in Early Screening of Tumors","authors":"Bing Han,&nbsp;Ruixue Wang","doi":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sult.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Early detection of tumors constitutes a cornerstone of cancer prevention and control. Medical assessments alongside emerging screening modalities provide a foundational framework that facilitates early detection and contributes to reductions in both morbidity and mortality. In this review, we synthesize the principal screening approaches, including imaging techniques (low-dose CT, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging), biomarkers (tumor markers, liquid biopsy), endoscopy, and molecular pathology, with the objective of identifying high-risk individuals and enabling early cancer diagnosis. Notwithstanding these advances, several challenges persist. False-positive results may precipitate overdiagnosis and overtreatment, whereas false negatives can lead to diagnostic oversight. Public awareness of screening benefits remains limited, and inequitable access to medical resources—particularly across geographic regions—constitutes an additional barrier. Furthermore, screening protocols necessitate tailored implementation: elderly and high-risk populations warrant more frequent screening, whereas the general population must carefully consider the balance between benefits and risks at appropriate screening intervals. Future screening programs are anticipated to incorporate personalized strategies grounded in risk stratification and biomarker profiling, augmented by artificial intelligence-driven image analysis, thereby enhancing both specificity and operational efficiency. The integration of mobile health technologies and individualized screening models holds substantial promise for improving access, optimizing resource allocation, and ultimately expanding the capacity for early tumor detection.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Early detection of tumors constitutes a cornerstone of cancer prevention and control. Medical assessments alongside emerging screening modalities provide a foundational framework that facilitates early detection and contributes to reductions in both morbidity and mortality. In this review, we synthesize the principal screening approaches, including imaging techniques (low-dose CT, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging), biomarkers (tumor markers, liquid biopsy), endoscopy, and molecular pathology, with the objective of identifying high-risk individuals and enabling early cancer diagnosis. Notwithstanding these advances, several challenges persist. False-positive results may precipitate overdiagnosis and overtreatment, whereas false negatives can lead to diagnostic oversight. Public awareness of screening benefits remains limited, and inequitable access to medical resources—particularly across geographic regions—constitutes an additional barrier. Furthermore, screening protocols necessitate tailored implementation: elderly and high-risk populations warrant more frequent screening, whereas the general population must carefully consider the balance between benefits and risks at appropriate screening intervals. Future screening programs are ","PeriodicalId":49541,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}