Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Regional educational environment and its association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in South Korea (2013-2019).","authors":"Yoonseo Kim, Su Hwan Kim, Jinwoong Kim, Joonhyeong Lee, Soon-Beom Hong","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02847-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02847-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The educational environment's characteristics (e.g., class size) may affect attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. We investigated changes in the number of individuals newly diagnosed with ADHD according to regional differences in educational conditions in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With increasing class sizes, we hypothesized that teachers may experience more difficulty managing their students with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms or become less sensitive in detecting students with inattentive symptoms, causing a change in referrals for ADHD assessment. The annual number of ADHD diagnoses for each region was obtained from the National Health Insurance Service. The effects of educational conditions (i.e., number of students per teaching staff member, students per class, and private classes per 10,000 population) on newly diagnosed ADHD cases were analyzed separately for young people and adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the final adjusted quasi-Poisson regression model without interactions, we observed a negative correlation between both the number of students per class and the number of private classes per 10,000 population and ADHD diagnosis in young people and adults. Further analysis revealed that a greater number of private classes in a region was associated with a decrease in ADHD diagnosis, especially in the lowest educated districts. By contrast, a higher number of students per class in kindergarten was associated with an increase in ADHD diagnosis, especially in the highest educated districts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The educational environment's regional characteristics may affect ADHD detection and diagnosis. This association's direction may vary according to the regional educational level. A different association may also be observed in younger children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in mental health symptoms and treatment by sexual orientation and migration background in a population-based sample.","authors":"Andreas Malm, Petter Tinghög, Richard Bränström","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02848-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02848-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although sexual minorities are consistently found to be at excess risk of poor mental health, less is known about the mental health of individuals with dual minority statuses based on sexual orientation and migration background. This study aimed to examine prevalence of and disparities in mental health symptoms and treatment for common mental disorders (CMD) among sexual minority migrants; and to explore the potential mediating role of interpersonal and social stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were drawn from the Swedish Public Health Survey, 2018. The analytic sample included 104,652 individuals with complete records on all study variables (37.1%). The survey assessed mental health symptoms and interpersonal and social stress and was complemented with information on psychiatric treatment from comprehensive nationwide registries. Using logistic regression and mediation analyses, six groups were compared based on sexual orientation and migration background.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater risk of mental health symptoms was found among Swedish-born and non-European sexual minorities (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.89-2.57, and OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.34-3.29, respectively) compared to Swedish-born heterosexuals. Swedish-born sexual minorities were at greater risk of receiving treatment for CMD (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 2.20-3.01), while non-European heterosexuals showed lower risk (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.52-0.72). Perceived discrimination was less common among non-European sexual minorities compared to their Swedish-born counterparts and partially mediated the association between migration background and mental health symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sexual minority migrants are at greater risk of mental health symptoms compared to Swedish-born heterosexuals but not compared to Swedish-born sexual minorities. Providing mental health care for sexual minorities, including sexual minority migrants, and targeting sexual orientation discrimination, should be a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient experiences of crisis home treatment teams: a systematic review and thematic synthesis.","authors":"Jialin Yang, Naomi Glover, Lisa Wood","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02830-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02830-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Crisis home treatment teams (CHTTs) provide rapid at-home assessments and crisis support to individuals experiencing mental health crises. Exploring patient feedback on CHTTs can provide policymakers and service planners useful insight regarding service enhancements and improvements in care quality. The current systematic review aims to explore patient experiences on CHTTs, to inform policy decision-making and care quality.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current review synthesised ten eligible qualitative studies (from Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL) on patient experiences of CHTTs using thematic synthesis. Adult patients with a past or current experience of CHTTs, as well as a mental health diagnosis were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current review revealed that patients valued the rapid accessibility of services and positive characteristics of staff that contributed to cultivating strong therapeutic relationships. Patients also appreciated having equal power in treatment decision-making. However, concerns were raised regarding staff timekeeping, receiving generic treatment not well-tailored to patient's unique circumstances, and inconsistencies in continuity of service delivery and smooth transition to other services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient feedback on service improvements are useful for service planners and policymakers to improve CHTT services. Based on the results of this study, the importance of staff timeliness, having a smooth transition during the end of care, and tailored staff training for various demographics can improve CHTT service quality and delivery. Further qualitative research is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of patient needs and experiences in various regions and demographics.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of screen time and physical activity with suicidality in adolescents: a national cohort study.","authors":"Rose Marie Wilkens Rasmussen, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Stine Danielsen, Merete Nordentoft, Annette Erlangsen, Trine Madsen","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02827-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02827-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evidence linking screen time and physical activity with suicidality among adolescents is inconsistent. Our objective was to examine longitudinal associations between screen time and physical activity with suicidality among Danish adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Self-reported data on daily screen time and physical activity at age 11 was obtained from 28 613 adolescents (60% females) who participated in the Danish National Birth Cohort and linked to information on suicidality at age 18, based on self-reports and register data. Adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) were estimated using multinomial logistic regressions, while accounting for parental socio-demographics, psychiatric history and child risk behaviours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High levels of daily screen time (≥ 6 h) were reported by 6.9% and 12.6% of females and males, respectively. This was associated with suicidal ideation in females (aRRR:1.67, 95% CI:1.44-1.93) and suicide attempt in both sexes (females: aRRR:2.04 [1.51-2.75], males: aRRR:3.61 [1.89-6.89]) when compared to adolescents with < 2 h of daily screen time. Low levels of physical activity were reported by respectively 13.4% and 14.8% of females and males and was associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (females: aRRR:2.18, [95% CI:1.94-2.44], males: aRRR:2.11 [1.83-2.43]) and suicide attempt (females: aRRR:2.27, [1.77-2.91], males: aRRR:2.49 [1.61-3.85]) when compared with those with the highest level. Independently of screen time level, males with low physical activity had higher risk for suicide attempt compared to males with a high level of physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High levels of screen time and low levels of physical activity were associated with an increased risk of suicidality among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chain mediating role of hope and resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness among Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.","authors":"Qi Li, Mengqi Wang, Xinyao Hao, Chenxin Yang, JiaYi Wang, Yiming Sun, Hui Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02852-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02852-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of loneliness among college students has elevated during the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Thus, it is essential to clarify the factors that contribute to loneliness and seek out measures to reduce the influence of these factors on college students.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the mediating mechanisms underlying the association between perceived social support and loneliness among Chinese college students, and the multiple mediating roles of hope and resilience in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This online survey was conducted through the Wenjuanxing platform on March 3-15, 2020. A total of 1,627 effective questionnaires were received and the response rate was 94.3%. The UCLA loneliness scale, the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Herth Hope Index and Resilience Scale, and the scale of demographic variables were used for gathering data. Hierarchical multiple regression and the bootstrap method were used to explore and examine the chain mediation model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of loneliness among undergraduates was 55.2% (898/1627) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there were significant differences in loneliness in gender (t = 4.131, p < 0.001) and sleeping duration (t = 3.971, p < 0.001). A significant chain mediation model was obtained in which college students' loneliness was affected by perceived social support through 3 different pathways: the mediating role of hope (42.28% of total effect), the mediating role of resilience (6.44% of total effect), and the chain mediating role of both hope, and resilience (4.91% of total effect). The total mediation effect was - 0.266, which accounted for 53.52% of the total effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived social support, hope and resilience could relieve the feeling of loneliness effectively among Chinese college students. Hope and resilience play the chain mediation role in the association between perceived social support and loneliness. The psychological interventions about enhancing social support and improving hope and resilience may help to alleviate loneliness during the pandemic of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' perception of adolescents' difficulties and impact of problems in different castes and ethnic groups in Nepal. Do they converge with the frequencies of symptoms reported on the child behavior checklist (CBCL)?","authors":"Sirjana Adhikari, Jasmine Ma, Suraj Shakya, Per Håkan Brøndbo, Bjørn Helge Handegård, Anne Cecilie Javo","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02835-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02835-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents' perceptions of their children's behavior are culturally determined and may differ across cultures. The present study aimed to investigate parents' perceptions of adolescents' difficulties and the impact of problems in different cultural contexts in Nepal, and to explore the extent to which they align with child symptoms measured on a problem rating scale.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted with parents of school-going adolescents in sixteen districts of Nepal. The Nepali version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-Impact Supplement was used to assess parents' perception of difficulties and the impact of problems, and the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL) was used as a symptom rating scale. We employed a mixed model approach for data analysis to address the hierarchical structure of our data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents' perceptions of difficulties and the impact of problems did not differ between the Hindu \"high caste\", the Hindu \"low caste\" and the indigenous/ethnic minority group. In contrast, the effect of caste/ethnicity was significant for parent ratings on the CBCL Total Problems as the \"low caste\" parents reported higher mean scores than parents from the indigenous/ethnic minorities group. Parents' perception of difficulties and the impact of problems were moderately associated with their reports on the CBCL Total Problems. There was no moderating effect of caste/ethnicity on any of these associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although cross-cultural differences emerged in parents' ratings of symptoms, no differences emerged in their perception of difficulties and the impact of problems. Moderate associations between the CBCL Total Problems and perceived difficulties and the impact of problems suggest that clinicians should consider using supplement measurements in their assessment of child behavior problems. However, further studies are required to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experienced and anticipated discrimination among people living with schizophrenia in China: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yilu Li, Dan Qiu, Chengcheng Zhang, Qiuyan Wu, Anyan Ni, Zixuan Tang, Shuiyuan Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02839-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02839-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding the experienced and anticipated discrimination of people living with schizophrenia (PLS) in China is the cornerstone of culturally informed intervention. This study aims to describe the pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination against PLS in China and investigate which social and illness characteristics are associated with discrimination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PLS dwelling in community were randomly recruited from four cities across China and completed measures of experienced and anticipated discrimination by discrimination and stigma scale (version 12; DISC-12). Multivariable regression was used to analyses the correlates of experienced and anticipated discrimination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 787 participants (54.0% were female) were included in the analysis. 38% of participants reported experienced discrimination and 71.4% reported anticipated discrimination. The most common experienced discrimination for PLS in China were from neighborhood, making/keeping friends, finding/keeping a job, and family. 59.3% of participants had concealed their mental illness. Living in rural areas, household poverty, longer illness duration, severer symptoms and higher level of disability were associated with more experienced discrimination. Younger ages, unemployment, higher level of disability and experienced discrimination were associated with more anticipated discrimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than a third of PLS in China have experienced discrimination in their lives. Economically disadvantage PLS and PLS living in rural setting may experience more discrimination in China. New and culturally informed intervention approaches are needed to prevent and reduce discrimination of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do active duty army personnel view the relationships between firearms and suicide? The role of sociopsychological factors, firearm ownership status, and lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.","authors":"Samantha E Daruwala, Nicholas Allan, Raymond Tucker, Craig J Bryan, Michael N Dretsch, Benjamin Trachik, Melanie L Bozzay","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02858-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02858-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearms are the primary method by which US military personnel die by suicide, and those at highest risk tend to store firearms unsafely. Promoting secure firearm storage practices is a major component of the Department of Defense's suicide prevention strategy, but perceptions about firearms being associated with suicide risk may impact such efforts.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined perceptions that (1) firearm ownership and (2) storage practices are associated with suicide risk and whether key sociopsychological factors (e.g., entrapment, threat perceptions, honor ideology) were associated with these beliefs in a sample of Active Duty (AD) enlisted Army personnel. We then examined if associations varied as a function of firearm ownership or a lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors (STBs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Survey data about sociopsychological factors and ownership-suicide risk beliefs and storage-suicide risk beliefs were collected from 399 AD Army personnel. Multiple regression and multigroup path analyses were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater intolerance of uncertainty and entrapment, and weaker honor ideology, were associated with greater ownership-suicide risk beliefs, whereas being a parent of a minor child was linked with weaker ownership-suicide risk beliefs. None of the variables examined were associated with storage-suicide risk beliefs. Participants with a lifetime history of STBs who had higher threat perceptions endorsed weaker ownership-suicide risk beliefs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AD Army personnel may tend to believe that firearm ownership and storage practices are largely unrelated to suicide risk. More tailored messaging and suicide-gun violence prevention efforts are likely needed. Findings have important implications for military suicide prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A population-based cohort to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on socioeconomic inequalities in mental health care in Italy (CoMeH): study protocol.","authors":"Alessio Petrelli, Massimiliano Aragona, Roberta Ciampichini, Anteo Di Napoli, Valeria Fano, Sara Leone, Martina Pacifici, Claudio Rosini, Caterina Silvestri, Alberto Zucchi, Martina Ventura","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02838-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02838-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Covid and Mental Health (CoMeH) cohort was established to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of mental health care services in Italy in the short and long term, with a particular focus on socioeconomic and/or citizenship inequalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CoMeH cohort includes all residents for at least two years in one of three vast catchment areas (N = 5,167,043), aged ≥ 10 years and assisted by a National Health Service (NHS) general practitioner (GP) of the area of residence. Primary outcomes of interest are the following indicators of mental health care services use: first access to any mental health care service (MHCS), total number of accesses to MHCS, the consumption of psychiatric drugs, the number of psychiatric or psychological outpatient visits, the number of residential or day care days spent in psychiatric facilities, the number of emergency department (ED) admissions, and inpatient admissions to hospitals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial findings show that incident MHCS users were 3.2% of the population of the Bergamo Local Health Authority (LHA), 3.5% of the Rome 2 LHA, and 4.4% of the Tuscany Region. The overall crude incidence rate of access to mental health care was 3.3% in the pre-COVID-19 period and 2.6% during the pandemic. Prescriptions for a mental disorder (57.2%) and ED admissions (25.1%) were the main reasons for enrollment. Compared to the general population, people with mental health conditions were older and more often female. The distribution of the incident users by deprivation index overlapped that of the population. Immigrants were younger, socioeconomically more deprived, and more often entered the study for an ED admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first CoMeH cohort study focused on the impact of the pandemic through the evaluation of hospitalizations, emergency department accesses, outpatient visits, residential and day care service use, and drug prescriptions. We also evaluated socioeconomic inequalities through the use of census-based deprivation index and migration status. Finally, we also analyzed the impact of COVID-19 infection and outcome on the study cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for early marriage and the correlations with depressive symptoms in northwest of Iran.","authors":"Hosein Azizi, Elham Davtalab Esmaeili, Parvin Bastani, Maryam Vaezi, Ehsan Sarbazi, Farzad Khodamoradi","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02840-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02840-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Early marriage (EM), also known as child marriage, is a marriage or union between two people when one or both are under 18. Globally, risk factors for EM and the consequences on depressive symptoms (DSs) have been poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate risk factors for EM and the correlation between EM and DSs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 402 married people were randomly selected from the general population of Malekan County, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Depression was assessed in the participants after EM through family physicians' medical records in the community health centers. Data were collected using valid and structured instruments as well as face-to-face interviews. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship between EM and DSs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall and sex-based prevalence of EM was 21.64% (n = 87), i.e., 69 (26.5%) in females and 19 (13.4%) in males, respectively. In the regression analysis, the low educational level of EM people (AOR = 4.27: 1.28-14.35), their parental (AOR = 5.53: 2.14-17.22), female sex (AOR = 1.58: 1.07-2.33), and family low income (AOR = 2.74: 1.00-7.84), and being a housewife (AOR = 1.71: 1.22-3.26) were identified as the most reliable predictors of EM. In the final analysis, after adjusting for the potential confounders, EM was associated with an increased risk of DSs (AOR = 1.60: 1.2-2.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results, EM is common and associated with DSs in this county. Our study provides preliminary findings to guide future studies, given that this issue has been neglected in previous investigations. Progress in reducing EM and addressing its full set of consequences can occur through political commitment and combining the experiences and voices of people affected by EM.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}