Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Results from a randomized controlled trial investigating effectiveness of a community-based intervention on empowerment of people with severe mental illness.","authors":"Annabel Sandra Mueller-Stierlin, Thomas Becker, Nils Greve, Anke Hänsel, Katrin Herder, Anne Kohlmann, Jutta Lehle, Uta Majewsky, Friedrich Meixner, Elke Prestin, Melanie Pouwels, Nadja Puschner, Sabrina Reuter, Mara Schumacher, Stefanie Wöhler, Reinhold Kilian","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02879-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02879-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effectiveness of community mental health services with respect to enhancing empowerment among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) has rarely been investigated. In this multicenter trial the effectiveness of a community mental health intervention (acronym: GBV) added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled multicenter trial with twelve sites spread across Germany, people living with SMI aged 18-82 years were investigated over 24 months. The trial was conducted from 2020 to 2023, a time period affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The intervention was delivered by multiprofessional GBV teams based on the Functional Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) program and was supplemented by strategies that increase the degree of self-determination. The primary outcome was measured by the Assessment of Empowerment in Patients with Affective and Schizophrenic Disorders (EPAS). Difference in difference (DiD) effect sizes were estimated on an intention-to-treat basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 929 persons with SMI were randomly assigned to the GBV plus TAU intervention (n = 470) or to TAU alone (n = 459). The dropout rate over 24 months amounted to 28%. DiD effect sizes over 24 months indicate significant treatment effects for empowerment (d = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.14 0.40). Serious adverse events (SAE) were reported for 15 (3.2%) participants in the GBV + TAU vs. 17 (3.7%) in the TAU group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of GBV to TAU, for patients with SMI, can be recommended as an effective measure to improve key psychosocial outcomes in mental health care settings across Germany.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>German Clinical Trial Register, DRKS00019086. Registered on 3 January 2020, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00019086 .</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and gender disparities in depression and late life expectancy in Chile.","authors":"Sarahí Rueda-Salazar, Claudia Miranda-Castillo, Alejandra-Ximena Araya","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02883-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02883-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health disorders, including depression, are among the top 10 causes of the Global Burden of Disease in 2021. Chile is among the countries where mental health is a public concern due to a significant increase in depression rates in the older adult population in recent years. Considering the accelerated aging process, this study analyses the potential years of depressive symptom-free life expectancy in later life, including long-term conditions, from territorial and gender perspectives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Panel data were used to track depressive symptomatology in 2,263 older individuals (aged 60 + years) between 2015 and 2020. Multistate Modelling was applied to estimate the free years of depressive symptoms at age 60 in the Chilean regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences were found in the number of years of depressive symptoms by geographic area, with older women expected to live twice as many years with depressive symptoms as their male counterparts across all regions. Older men living in the southern and northern macro-zones have more free years of depressive symptoms than those in the metropolitan region. Considering chronic health conditions across regions, we found an average decrease of approximately 4 years for men and 5.7 years for women in years of life free of depressive symptomatology due to multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public health policies in prevention and intervention for depression should integrate territorial differences in non-communicable diseases and gender-sensitive approaches to increase the number of years without depression in later life, with a particular focus on women and those populations living in lower socioeconomic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of mental health symptoms, suicide attempts and substance use disorders among women after prison release in Santiago, Chile.","authors":"Ignacio Bórquez, Emily Goldmann, Paloma Del Villar, Catalina Droppelmann, Adrian P Mundt, Pilar Larroulet","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02849-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02849-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Limited research has characterized how mental health changes or persists during reentry, particularly among women, who are a minority in the criminal legal system. We aimed to describe the mental health symptoms trajectory groups, suicide attempts, substance use dependence, and mental healthcare utilization among formerly incarcerated women in Santiago, Chile, during 1-year after release.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 200 women in a five-wave prospective cohort study using three different mental health indicators: the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) scale before release and at one week, two, six, and twelve months after release, self-reported suicide attempts, and substance use dependence using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview. We used latent class growth analysis to identify groups following similar symptom trajectories using the Global Severity Index of the SCL-90-R. We performed multinomial and logistic regressions to identify correlates of these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three trajectory groups were identified: Low (85.8%), Increasing (6.8%), and High (7.4%) symptom severity. 19.3% attempted suicide during follow-up. 18.9% met the criteria for substance use dependence at both baseline and twelve months. In multivariate regression analysis, the previous number of convictions and victimization experiences were associated with all outcomes. 10% or less received mental health services at any measurement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most women had stable severity of mental health symptoms during the first year after release. Pre-release cross-sectional screening misses a group with increasing symptom severity and substance use dependence during reentry. Routine mental health assessments would be useful during reentry and guidance to make better use of services during this critical period.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy alcohol consumption, depression, their comorbidity and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Chao Yan, Yan Ding, Hairong He, Jun Lyu, Ying Zhao, Zhenguo Yang, Heng Meng","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02873-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02873-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Alcohol consumption and depression commonly co-occur, and most current research has focused on the associations between either alcohol consumption or depression alone with mortality risk. However, the association of the comorbidity of heavy alcohol consumption and depression on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality remains unclear in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Population: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of our study was to analyze the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in participants who have heavy alcohol consumption alone, depression alone, or both, by conducting a prospective cohort study with a sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;For this cohort study, we included 11,590 U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years from a nationally representative sample. Data on depression and alcohol consumption were extracted from the NHANES conducted between 2005 and 2018, and mortality information was obtained from the NHANES Linked Mortality File through December 31, 2019. Drinking and depression were classified into four groups: only heavy alcohol consumption, only depression, both present, and neither present. By adjusting for confounding factors, we applied the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the risk of all-cause mortality associated with alcohol consumption and depressive states, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and other causes. The log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis were applied to investigate differences in survival probabilities. Additionally, we examined the correlation between heavy alcohol consumption and depression by assessing additive interaction using the synergy index (SI), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The adjusted HR (aHR) for all-cause mortality, as well as mortality due to CVD, cancer, and other causes, were highest among individuals with comorbid heavy alcohol consumption and depression (HR 2.68[95%CI 1.84,3.91]; 2.64 [95%CI 1.27, 5.48]; 2.55 [95%CI 1.22,5.35]; and 2.78[95%CI 1.64, 4.71]). However, the results of additive and multiplicative interactions indicated that the synergistic effect of heavy alcohol consumption and depression on all-cause and cause-specific mortality did not reach statistical significance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our findings confirmed that heavy alcohol consumption or depression was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and other-cause mortality. Although the synergistic effect of comorbid heavy alcohol consumption and depression on all-cause and cause-specific mortality did not reach statistical significance, the comorbidity of heavy alcohol consumption and depression was associated with the highest risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. This research could provide a foundation for furt","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative trauma and other determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression in medical students following the Great Anatolian earthquake in Turkey.","authors":"Fatma Tuygar-Okutucu, Hacer Akgul Ceyhun","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02876-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02876-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the 2023 Turkey earthquake, university students in the earthquake district were transferred to other universities and our university was one of those. In addition, the families of many of our students were living in the earthquake district, and they were with their families during the earthquake due to the semester. We created a trauma psychiatry policlinic to serve medical students and others affected by the disaster. To identify students affected and to provide support, we conducted a cross-sectional study on medical students two months after the earthquake. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate and cumulative trauma and other determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cluster sampling procedure was used. In addition to generating socio-demographic and earthquake related dataform, PTSD checklist-5, Cumulative Stress and Trauma Scale (CST-S), and Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory were administered. All results were evaluated statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 617 medical students participated in the study. PTSD, anxiety, and depression rates were 38.9%, 28.7%, and 21.1% respectively. Gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, and high scores of earthquake-related features were significant for three. Negative scores of survival, personal identity, collective identity, and family-attachment trauma sub-types of CST-S were associated with all three diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Negative scores of the survival, personal identity, collective identity, and family attachment trauma subtypes of the CST-S are associated with all three diagnoses. However, these results require to be supported by longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health service contact in children with and without physical-mental multimorbidity.","authors":"Shannon Reaume, Joel Dubin, Christopher Perlman, Mark Ferro","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02877-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02877-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate six-month prevalence of child mental health service contacts and quantify associations between child health status and mental health service contacts, including number of types of contacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data come from 6,242 children aged 4-17 years in the Ontario Child Health Study. A list of chronic conditions developed by Statistics Canada measured physical illness. The Emotional Behavioural Scales assessed mental illness. Child health status was categorized as healthy, physical illness only, mental illness only, and multimorbid (≥ 1 physical and ≥ 1 mental illness). Mental health service contact was aggregated to general medicine, urgent medicine, specialized mental health, school-based, alternative, and any contact (≥ 1 of the aforementioned contacts). Regression models quantified associations between health status and type of mental health contact, including number of types of contacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted prevalence estimates showed 261,739 (21.4%) children had mental health-related service contact, with school-based services being the most common contact amongst all children, regardless of health status. Children with multimorbidity had higher odds for every mental health contact than healthy controls (OR range: 4.00-6.70). A dose-response was observed, such that the number of contacts increased from physical illness only (OR = 1.49, CI: 1.10-1.99) to mental illness only (OR = 3.39, CI: 2.59-4.44) to multimorbidity (OR = 4.13, CI: 2.78-6.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over one-fifth of children had mental health-related service contact and contacts were highest among children with multimorbidity. Types of mental health contacts for children with multimorbidity are diverse, with further research needed to elucidate the barriers and facilitators of mental health use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between changes in family relationship status and suicidal ideation among individuals with physical disabilities.","authors":"Cho Rong Kim, Soo Young Kim, Yun Seo Jang, Eun-Cheol Park","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02881-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02881-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Individuals with physical disabilities are at a higher risk of suicide due to daily activity limitations and dependency on others. Family relationships are important to their mental health and well-being. This study investigated the impact of changes in the family relationship status of physically disabled individuals on suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel for 2018-2022. A total of 3,704 individuals were used in the analysis. Family relationships were classified into four groups: 1) good → good, 2) poor → good, 3) good → poor, and 4) poor → poor. We assessed suicidal ideation and attempts based on self-reported questionnaires. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the impact of changes in family relationships on suicidal ideation in people with physical disabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with physical disabilities whose family relationships declined were 1.63 times more likely to have suicidal ideation (95% CI 1.22-2.19) compared to those with consistently good family relationship. Among the subfactors of family relationships, family problem-solving ability showed the strongest association with suicidal ideation when it deteriorated (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74). Individuals with consistently poor family relationships were 1.78 times more likely to have suicidal ideation alone (95% CI 1.33-2.38) and 2.29 times more likely to have both suicidal ideation and attempts (95% CI 0.89-5.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest the importance of addressing family relationships in suicide prevention strategies and mental health interventions for individuals with physical disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: insights from the DiAPAson study using a data-driven approach.","authors":"Alessandra Martinelli, Silvia Leone, Cesare M Baronio, Damiano Archetti, Alberto Redolfi, Andrea Adorni, Elisa Caselani, Miriam D'Addazio, Marta Di Forti, Laura Laffranchini, Deborah Maffezzoni, Marta Magno, Donato Martella, Robin M Murray, Elena Toffol, Giovanni Battista Tura, Giovanni de Girolamo","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02855-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02855-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) display notable sex differences: males have an earlier onset and more severe negative symptoms, while females exhibit affective symptoms, better verbal abilities, and a more favourable prognosis. Despite extensive research, areas such as time perception and positivity remain underexplored, and machine learning has not yet been adequately utilised. This study aims to address these gaps by examining sex differences in a sample of Italian patients with SSD using a data-driven approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of the DiAPAson project, 619 Italian patients with SSD (198 females; 421 males) were assessed using standardised clinical tools. Data on socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, symptom severity, functioning, positivity, quality of life (QoL), and time perspective were collected. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) was used to define data-driven clusters. A leave-one-group-out validation was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males were more likely to be single (p < 0.001) and less educated (p = 0.006), while females smoked more tobacco (p = 0.011). Males were more frequently prescribed antipsychotics (p = 0.022) and exhibited more severe psychiatric (p = 0.004) and negative symptoms (p = 0.013). They also had a less negative perception of past events (p = 0.047) and a better view of their psychological condition (p = 0.004). Females showed better interpersonal functioning (p = 0.008). PCA and GMM revealed two main clusters with significant sex differences (p = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies sex differences in SSD, suggesting tailored treatments such as enhancing interpersonal skills for females and maintaining positive self-assessment for males. Using machine learning, we highlight distinct SSD phenotypes, emphasising the need for sex-specific interventions to improve outcomes and QoL. Our findings stress the importance of a multifaceted, interdisciplinary approach to address sex-based disparities in SSD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN registry ID ISRCTN21141466.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between adolescent psychotic-like experiences and components of social performance using a multi-level virtual reality paradigm.","authors":"Grace Kiernan, Pauline Kohl, Ekincan Tas, Frederic Berg, Mario Wolf, Phuong-Mi Nguyen, Lucia Valmaggia, Mar Rus-Calafell","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02871-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02871-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite evidence linking psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and social functioning deficits in youth at the risk of transitioning to psychosis, this association remains poorly understood. To address this, we explored the association between components of social performance and PLEs in adolescents aged 13-18 using a novel virtual reality (VR) paradigm for real-time assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents (N = 146) aged 13-18 were recruited as part of a larger cohort study conducted by the same research group (YVORI_PRO) and invited to participate via the following criteria: those reporting highly indicative positive PLEs (HIP, N = 88) and those reporting no or less indicative PLEs (no-HIP, N = 58). Self-report, behavioural and physiological components of social performance were collected using a portable VR headset and a medical wristband. Participants entered a virtual recreational area with three levels of social ambiguity and were encouraged to interact with avatars. MANOVA was performed to check for overall group differences and repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to examine the effects of group and level of ambiguity, as well as their interaction, on daily social performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During virtual social interactions, adolescents with HIP reported higher levels of anxiety, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and avoidance than the no-HIP group. No significant difference between groups was found for self-confidence. With increasing social ambiguity in VR, anxiety, FNE and avoidance increased in both groups, while self-confidence decreased. No significant group differences were found in behavioural or physiological components of social performance. Interpersonal distance and pulse rate increased significantly with increasing level of ambiguity, but pulse rate variability and skin conductance did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that adolescents with HIP may present specific difficulties related to social performance, which may carry additional psychosis risk. The new VR social scenario appears to be an acceptable, safe and effective tool to measure social performance in adolescents experiencing PLEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combat exposure, social support, and posttraumatic stress: a longitudinal test of the stress-buffering hypothesis among veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.","authors":"Zoe Bridges-Curry, Samantha J Meckes, Caitlin Fountain, H Ryan Wagner, Patrick S Calhoun, Nathan A Kimbrel, Jared A Rowland, Eric A Dedert, Gabriella T Ponzini","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02864-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02864-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While social support is widely viewed as a protective factor against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few studies have directly tested whether social support buffers the long-term effects of pre-existing PTSD symptoms or baseline combat exposure among Veterans (i.e., the stress-buffering hypothesis).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this gap, the current study tested perceived social support as a moderator of the effects of baseline PTSD symptoms and combat exposure on PTSD symptoms at 10-year follow up in a sample of post-911 Veterans (N = 783).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher levels of combat exposure and baseline PTSD symptoms predicted elevated PTSD symptoms at 10-year follow-up. Perceived social support moderated these effects, such that the impacts of baseline symptoms and combat exposure were attenuated for Veterans with high levels of perceived support. However, buffering effects were less evident at higher levels of combat exposure and were not significant at very high levels of baseline PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While findings are broadly consistent with the stress-buffering hypothesis, results of the present study suggest that the benefits of perceived social support may be less evident at higher levels of combat exposure. Results also offer preliminary evidence that perceived social support is less protective for Veterans with severe pre-existing symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49510,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}