Workplace and non-workplace loneliness: a cross-sectional comparative study on risk factors and impacts on absenteeism and mental health among employees in Spain.

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI:10.1007/s00127-025-02899-z

Joan Domènech-Abella, Jordi Mundó, Josep Maria Haro, Carles Muntaner

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate prevalences and concordance between workplace and non-workplace loneliness, (2) compare sociodemographic risk factors between workplace and non-workplace loneliness, (3) compare working conditions-related risk factors between the two contexts of loneliness, and (4) compare the impact of workplace and non-workplace loneliness on absenteeism, depression, anxiety and substance use disorder.

Methods: A sample of the employee residing in Spain (n = 5400) was surveyed using computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) during August and September 2024. Logistic regression models were constructed to compare the effects of risk factors for workplace and non-workplace loneliness (including sociodemographic factors, and factors related to working conditions), as well as the association of workplace and non-workplace loneliness on absenteeism, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder.

Results: Among active workers, 40.7% report experiencing workplace loneliness, while 42.0% report non-workplace loneliness. The level of concordance between both types of loneliness is low (Kappa = 0.36). Both types are more prevalent among younger and immigrant workers. Other sociodemographic risk factors (being female, non-married, and non-heterosexual) were significantly associated with non-workplace loneliness. Meanwhile, risk factors related to working conditions -particularly working under stress and labor precariousness- were associated with both types of loneliness, which showed an independent impact on absenteeism, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder.

Conclusion: Most of the social determinants of workplace loneliness are rooted in the work environment, indicating that effective interventions should focus on addressing labor conditions and precariousness to improve both workplace and non-workplace loneliness and their impacts on absenteeism and mental health.

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工作场所和非工作场所的孤独：西班牙雇员旷工和心理健康的风险因素及其影响的横断面比较研究。

目的：本研究的目的是(1)评估工作场所和非工作场所孤独感的患病率和一致性，(2)比较工作场所和非工作场所孤独感的社会人口学危险因素，(3)比较两种孤独感背景下工作条件相关的危险因素，(4)比较工作场所和非工作场所孤独感对缺勤、抑郁、焦虑和物质使用障碍的影响。方法：采用计算机辅助网络访谈法（CAWI），于2024年8月至9月对居住在西班牙的5400名员工进行调查。构建Logistic回归模型，比较工作场所和非工作场所孤独的风险因素（包括社会人口因素和与工作条件相关的因素）的影响，以及工作场所和非工作场所孤独与缺勤、抑郁、焦虑和物质使用障碍症状的关系。结果：在积极工作者中，40.7%的人表示有工作场所孤独感，42.0%的人表示有非工作场所孤独感。两种孤独感的一致性水平较低（Kappa = 0.36）。这两种类型在年轻人和移民工人中更为普遍。其他社会人口风险因素（女性、未婚和非异性恋）与非工作场所孤独感显著相关。与此同时，与工作条件相关的风险因素——特别是在压力下工作和劳动不稳定——与这两种类型的孤独感有关，这两种孤独感对旷工、抑郁、焦虑和物质使用障碍都有独立的影响。结论：工作场所孤独感的大多数社会决定因素植根于工作环境，表明有效的干预措施应侧重于解决劳动条件和不稳定性，以改善工作场所和非工作场所的孤独感及其对缺勤和心理健康的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

2.30%

发文量

184

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology is intended to provide a medium for the prompt publication of scientific contributions concerned with all aspects of the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders - social, biological and genetic. In addition, the journal has a particular focus on the effects of social conditions upon behaviour and the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the social environment. Contributions may be of a clinical nature provided they relate to social issues, or they may deal with specialised investigations in the fields of social psychology, sociology, anthropology, epidemiology, health service research, health economies or public mental health. We will publish papers on cross-cultural and trans-cultural themes. We do not publish case studies or small case series. While we will publish studies of reliability and validity of new instruments of interest to our readership, we will not publish articles reporting on the performance of established instruments in translation. Both original work and review articles may be submitted.