Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2369910
Jian-Zhi Lin, Min-Hao Hung, Bo-Jen Ko, Heng-Ju Lee
{"title":"Analysing lower limb motion and muscle activation in athletes with ankle instability during dual-task drop-jump.","authors":"Jian-Zhi Lin, Min-Hao Hung, Bo-Jen Ko, Heng-Ju Lee","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2369910","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2369910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on athletes' lower extremity mechanics during bounce drop-jump landings with divided attention. Thirty Division I physical education voluntarily participated in the study. They performed two sets of bounce drop jumps: one set with a divided attention task and the other without. The obtained data were analysed using a paired t-test to compare the outcomes between the divided attention (DA) and non-divided attention (NDA) tasks. Athletes with CAI, during the DA task, displayed higher vertical landing forces, increased ankle inversion velocity, and greater range of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip in the frontal and transverse planes. They also exhibited insufficient neuromuscular preparation of the rectus femoris muscle. Notably, distinct kinematic alterations were observed in the ankle, knee, and hip joints regarding frontal and transverse lower-extremity kinematics. The findings suggest that athletes with CAI experience decreased activation of the rectus femoris muscle, which may impact their dynamic postural stability from pre-landing to ascending phases. Furthermore, the results indicate that individuals with CAI closely replicate the injury mechanisms encountered during a drop-jump landing task with divided attention. These insights offer valuable information about the real-time challenges faced by athletes with CAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1899-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2388578
Gabriella H Small, Richard R Neptune
{"title":"How take-off technique affects muscle demand in the back handspring step out in female gymnasts.","authors":"Gabriella H Small, Richard R Neptune","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2388578","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2388578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When performing the back handspring step out (BHS) on the balance beam, most gymnasts use one of three take-off techniques: Simultaneous Flexion, Sequential Flexion or Double-Bounce. However, it remains unclear which technique results in the lowest muscle demand that could help reduce energy expenditure and fatigue and improve overall performance. The purpose of this study was to use musculoskeletal modelling and simulation to quantify the influence of take-off technique on muscle demand (integrated muscle power) and contributions to the critical biomechanical functions of whole-body angular momentum generation and control and trunk propulsion (mechanical power delivered to the trunk). Simulations of female gymnasts (<i>n</i> = 21; age: 15.3 ± 3.6) were generated using their self-selected BHS technique on a balance beam. Differences in muscle demand were small across the techniques. However, the vasti, ankle plantarflexors, gluteus maximus and hamstring muscle groups experienced large demand during the BHS take-off. The gluteus medius and ankle plantarflexors were crucial for maintaining balance. The hamstrings, ankle plantarflexors and vasti generated needed momentum and delivered power to the trunk. These results provide targets for muscle strengthening and conditioning to improve balance control and increase the height and distance of the BHS, which is needed before adding additional skills in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"2006-2020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2423097
Lingjun Liu, Zhenxiang Chen, Hsien-Te Peng, Defeng Zhao, Zhizong Tan
{"title":"Analysing trunk and arm motion in volleyball jump serve: a comparison of straight line and diagonal line techniques.","authors":"Lingjun Liu, Zhenxiang Chen, Hsien-Te Peng, Defeng Zhao, Zhizong Tan","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2423097","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2423097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to clarify the disparities in trunk rotation and attack arm movement and their effect on hand kinematics adjustments between straight-line (SL) and diagonal-line (DL) volleyball jump serves. Thirteen male professional volleyball players (age 21.53 ± 5.39 years, height 1.95 ± 0.06 m, body mass 86.48 ± 11.63 kg, experience 8.61 ± 3.47 years) performed SL and DL jump serve, with three-dimensional coordinate data captured using a motion capture system (200 hz). Paired t-test and statistical parametric mapping examined kinematic differences between the two serving directions. At ball contact (BC), the speed of the attack arm hand was significantly faster in DL (16.99 ± 1.36 m/s) compared to SL (16.37 ± 1.53 m/s), whereas the face angle was significantly smaller in DL (1.98 ± 11.75°) than in SL (17.60 ± 17.98°). Forward rotation angles of the pelvic and upper torso at BC were significantly greater in DL (28.47 ± 10.89°; 21.30 ± 10.25°) than in SL (18.27 ± 12.46°; 9.09 ± 14.41°). During the arm swing phase, the pelvic's forward rotation angles in DL were significantly greater than in SL at 42-72% spiking motion, and the upper torso's angles were significantly greater at 49-58% spiking motion. These findings underscore the importance of adjusting pelvic and upper torso rotations to control the hand's face angle when serving in the diagonal line.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"2119-2133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2369913
Adam M Mattiussi, Joseph W Shaw, Phil Price, Derrick D Brown, Daniel D Cohen, Jack Lineham, Charles R Pedlar, Jamie Tallent, Alexandra C Atack
{"title":"Ankle mechanics during jump landings across different foot positions in professional ballet dancers.","authors":"Adam M Mattiussi, Joseph W Shaw, Phil Price, Derrick D Brown, Daniel D Cohen, Jack Lineham, Charles R Pedlar, Jamie Tallent, Alexandra C Atack","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2369913","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2369913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect foot position on ankle joint mechanics and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) across jump landings in professional ballet dancers. Twenty-seven professional ballet dancers (men: 14; women: 13) attended one data collection session, completing five maximal countermovement jumps in parallel, first, second, fourth, and fifth positions. Three-dimensional ankle mechanics, landing vGRF variables, and jump height were recorded via a seven-camera motion capture system and one force platform. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the main effects foot position across all target variables. A linear discriminate analysis was conducted to investigate target variables across foot positions. Frontal and transverse plane ankle mechanics had the largest impact when discriminating between foot positions. Ankle power in the transverse plane during jump landing in fourth was double that of all other positions. Our findings suggest that ankle range of motion should be restored before returning to jumps in fourth and fifth positions following distal lower extremity injury. The multiplanar energy transfer observed indicates a need for specific exercises to develop multiplanar force and rate of force development of local structures around the ankle.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1914-1927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2373376
Matthew Klein, Chris Patterson, Annette Karim, Tyler Cuddeford
{"title":"Running biomechanical and isokinetic strength differences in masters runners with and without Achilles tendinopathy.","authors":"Matthew Klein, Chris Patterson, Annette Karim, Tyler Cuddeford","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2373376","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2373376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Masters runners are an increasing proportion of the running community. The most significant musculoskeletal changes in runners occur after the age of 50 in addition to changes in injury rates and types, the most common being Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Previous evidence has suggested similarities between risk factors for AT and age-related changes that are focused at the hip and the ankle during the propulsive stage of running. The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical and peak torque association to AT in masters runners. Thirty-two masters runners over age 50 with AT (60.31 ± 8.37, <i>n</i> = 16) and without (59.94 ± 4.95 <i>n</i> = 16) were included. 3D motion capture and force plates were used to assess running biomechanics. A motor-driven dynamometer was used to assess isokinetic peak torque production. No significant differences in running biomechanics were found between masters runners with and without AT. Hip peak isokinetic torque production was found to be significantly less in masters runners with AT, but no significant differences in ankle plantarflexion peak isokinetic torque production were found. Masters runners with AT may be able to adapt their running biomechanics and muscular torque production during submaximal running efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1943-1956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2374882
Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa, Alisson Henrique Marinho, Marcos David da Silva Calvalcante, Natália de Almeida Rodrigues, Tássio Silva Lima, Drumond Gilo da Silva, Fabiano de Souza Fonseca, Pedro Balikian Junior, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
{"title":"Running sprint force-velocity-power profile obtained with a low-cost and low frame rate acquisition video technique: reliability and concurrent validity.","authors":"Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa, Alisson Henrique Marinho, Marcos David da Silva Calvalcante, Natália de Almeida Rodrigues, Tássio Silva Lima, Drumond Gilo da Silva, Fabiano de Souza Fonseca, Pedro Balikian Junior, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2374882","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2374882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Force-velocity (F-v) and Power-velocity (P-v) relationships quantify athlete's horizontal force production capacities during sprinting. Efforts are underway to enhance ecological validity for practitioners and sports coaches. This study provides detailed data comparison of a low frames per second setup (30 Hz; FPS<sub>low</sub>) with splits from a high FPS camera to derive F-v and P-v relationships. Sixty-six sprints performed by 11 university track and field athletes (6 male, 5 female) were evaluated. Data were recorded using FPS<sub>low</sub>, photocells, and a high-speed camera (240 Hz; MySprint). In the FPS<sub>low</sub> setup, bias was 0.17s, and Limits of agreement was 0.09s compared to photocells. ICC was 1.00, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 1.0% [0.8-1.1%]. Time acquisition comparison between MySprint and FPS<sub>low</sub> setups revealed high consistency (ICC = 0.99) and low CV (2.9% [2.8-3.1%]). F-v profile variables exhibited biases from trivial to small, with ICC ranging from moderate to nearly perfect. CV ranged from 2.7% to 11.8%, and improved using the average of three sprints (CV between 1.8% and 8.6%). The 'simple method' applied to data from the low FPS video setup yielded kinetic and kinematic parameters comparable to those obtained by the validated previous method and photocells.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1957-1973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2382804
Guillaume Abran, Audrey Berraz, Nadia Dardenne, Kevin Gramage, Stephen Bornheim, François Delvaux, Jean-Louis Croisier, Cédric Schwartz
{"title":"A comparison of foot and ankle biomechanics during running drills and distance running.","authors":"Guillaume Abran, Audrey Berraz, Nadia Dardenne, Kevin Gramage, Stephen Bornheim, François Delvaux, Jean-Louis Croisier, Cédric Schwartz","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2382804","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2382804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the foot-ankle joint mechanics of running drills and running. Seventeen long-distance runners performed five popular running drills (A-skip, B-skip, Bounding, Heel flicks, Straight leg running) and a run at 3.88 m/s. Kinematics, kinetics and power values were calculated for the ankle, midtarsal (MT) and metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints. Electromyographic activity was recorded for the soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, lateralis and abductor hallucis muscle. The A-skip, the B-skip and the Heel flicks induced a smaller ankle (<i>p</i> < 0.001, ŋ<sup>2</sup> = 0.41), MT (<i>p</i> < 0.001, ŋ<sup>2</sup> = 0.43) and MP (<i>p</i> < 0.001, ŋ<sup>2</sup> = 0.47) dorsiflexion peak than running. No difference was found between the running drills and running for ankle, MT and MP moment. The Bounding induces a higher positive ankle power than running (diff: 5.5 ± 7.5 J/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.014, <i>d</i> = 1.05). The A-skip (diff: 2.8 ± 2.9 J/kg, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 1.5) and the B-skip (diff: 2.7 ± 2.1 J/kg, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 1.4) induce a smaller MT positive power than running. This study offers an analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the foot-ankle complex to help track and field coaches select their running drills in an evidence-based manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1974-1989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2370978
Yves S Dos Santos, Mateus Rossato, Neice B Carneiro, Marcos Franken, Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro, Kelly de Jesus, Karla de Jesus
{"title":"Magnitude and direction of shoulder torque asymmetries between different angular velocities in competitive swimmers.","authors":"Yves S Dos Santos, Mateus Rossato, Neice B Carneiro, Marcos Franken, Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro, Kelly de Jesus, Karla de Jesus","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2370978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2370978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asymmetries in swimming can be the result of poor technique or coordination between limbs, reducing the ability to produce propulsive force and increasing resistive drag. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the magnitude and determine the consistency of isokinetic peak torque asymmetries between the angular velocities of in the shoulder joint movements of internal and external rotation, flexion, and extension. Twenty-one competitive swimmers performed concentric actions at 60°/s (3 repetitions) and 180°/s (20 repetitions) in the movements of internal and external rotation, flexion, and extension of the shoulders using an isokinetic dynamometer, with the peak torque and asymmetry index being common metrics across the tests. The results showed a greater magnitude of asymmetry in internal rotation (16.86 vs. 9.86; <i>p</i> = 0.007) and flexion (12.06 vs. 7.35; <i>p</i> = 0.008) at 60 vs. 180°/s, respectively. The agreement levels of the direction of asymmetries between angular velocities were fair to substantial (Kappa: 0.40 to 0.69). Evaluating isokinetic torque in different movements and angular velocities resulted in different levels of asymmetry. Muscle force asymmetries can impact propulsion efficiency and movement coordination during swimming. Understanding muscle asymmetries allows the development of targeted and individualised training programmes to correct strength imbalances.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1928-1942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2410891
Nuno Tavares, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Maria António Castro
{"title":"Electromyographic activity of shoulder muscles on two preventive exercise programmes for swimmer's shoulder: elastic band versus weight.","authors":"Nuno Tavares, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Maria António Castro","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2410891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2410891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strength programmes have shown good results in preventing swimmer's shoulder. However, there aren't studies based on electromyographic (EMG) analysis in these programmes. This study aims to compare an EMG activity of the middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), infraspinatus (IS), serratus anterior (SA), and pectoralis major (PM) in two swimmer's shoulder preventive programmes - one performed with elastic band and the other with weights. Twenty competitive swimmers performed two strength programmes consisting of five exercises each, while the analysis of EMG activity in MT, LT, IS, SA, and PM for each exercise was recorded. The superficial EMG was used to collect data at a sampling frequency of 1000 hz. The Paired Sample T-test or the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare EMG activity between programmes. The internal rotation at 90º (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and external rotation at 90º (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) exercises produced high myoelectric shoulder muscle activity with an elastic band. Conversely, scapular punches (<i>p</i> < 0.001) exercise has high shoulder EMG activity when performed with weights. Performing the same preventive exercise programme with two different instruments produces great variability in the myoelectric activity of the shoulder muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"2106-2118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sports BiomechanicsPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2369206
Jill L McNitt-Gray, Laura Held, Witaya Mathiyakom, Travis J Peterson, Antonia M Zaferiou
{"title":"Make an impact: going full circle together.","authors":"Jill L McNitt-Gray, Laura Held, Witaya Mathiyakom, Travis J Peterson, Antonia M Zaferiou","doi":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2369206","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14763141.2024.2369206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sport diversification provides opportunities for individuals to develop physical literacy, establish a growth mindset, become more agile in varied environments, and develop robust strategies to improve performance. One could say the same for biomechanists, who study the control and dynamics of human movements in the context of sport. Through the lens of sport, we have focused on the ongoing interaction between the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and the environment by using integrated experimental and modelling approaches to study well-practiced, goal-directed tasks in controlled laboratory and realistic field settings. By integrating multiple sources of information in real time to provide timely, relevant, usable, and easy to understand (TRUE) feedback during skill acquisition, we have found these resources also support learning and opportunities for self-discovery of proficiencies by coaches and athletes. Managing multimodal data acquired with emerging technological advances has also benefited from the use of FAIR data management principles, where data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. By listening, clarifying goals, and exploring together with coaches and athletes, we can bridge the gaps between what we know and what we do.</p>","PeriodicalId":49482,"journal":{"name":"Sports Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"1879-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}