Surveys in Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Guest Editorial: Special Issue on the 26th Electromagnetic Induction Workshop, Beppu, Japan","authors":"Kiyoshi Baba, Anne Neska","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09945-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09945-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147287181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Atmospheric Tides on the Variability of the Mesosphere–Thermosphere–Ionosphere","authors":"Ruth Lieberman, Jens Oberheide, McArthur Jones, Tarique Siddiqui, Astrid Maute, Nicholas Pedatella, Alan Liu, Jeff Klenzing’s","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09923-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09923-6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a collaborative effort that originated at the International Space Science Institute Workshop on “Physical Links between Weather and Climate in Space and the Lower Atmosphere” held on January 22-26, 2024. Our goals are to survey the role of tides in facilitating the coupling of the lower and upper atmosphere and identify pathways forward that address challenges to our current understanding. To that end, we provide a brief review of the physics of atmospheric tides and the sources of their day-to-day and seasonal variability during quiet geomagnetic conditions. We identify the mechanisms that couple vertically propagating atmospheric tides to variations in thermosphere–ionosphere wind, composition, and plasma. Each process is punctuated with examples showcasing state-of-the-art observations or models, and requirements for scientific progress. A recurrent theme is a thermospheric measurement gap region between 100 and 200 km that precludes direct observations of tidal vertical coupling processes and their day-to-day variability.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of EO Data for Enhanced Flood Monitoring and Forecasting: A Consortium Assessment","authors":"Angelica Tarpanelli,&nbsp;Christian Massari,&nbsp;Beatriz Revilla-Romero,&nbsp;Mohammad J. Tourian,&nbsp;Peyman Saemian,&nbsp;Omid Elmi,&nbsp;Daniel Scherer,&nbsp;Vanessa Pedinotti,&nbsp;Cecile Kittel,&nbsp;Jérôme Benveniste,&nbsp;Peter Bauer-Gottwein,&nbsp;Luca Ciabatta,&nbsp;Connor Chewning,&nbsp;Silvia Barbetta,&nbsp;Paolo Filippucci,&nbsp;Èlia Cantoni,&nbsp;Denise Dettmering,&nbsp;Jafet Andersson,&nbsp;Laetitia Gal,&nbsp;David Gustafsson,&nbsp;Yeshewatesfa Hundecha,&nbsp;Gilles Larnicol,&nbsp;Kevin Larnier,&nbsp;Karina Nielsen,&nbsp;Adrien Paris,&nbsp;Malak Sadki,&nbsp;Christian Schwatke,&nbsp;Paolo Tamagnone,&nbsp;Artemis Vrettou,&nbsp;Karim Douch,&nbsp;Espen Volden,&nbsp;Guy Schumann","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09935-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09935-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The monitoring and modeling of riverine floods have been covered extensively in the scientific literature with a substantial number of scientific contributions related to calibration/validation of hydraulic and hydrological models and assimilation of Earth Observation (EO) data into them. These models, when used for flood forecasting purposes, rely heavily on ground-based hydrological networks along with numerical weather models which, particularly in data-scarce regions, are often challenged by data sparsity. In these situations, EO data offer a viable solution to enhance the skill of these flood forecasting systems by providing global-scale observations of key hydrological variables such as precipitation, soil moisture, river discharge, water levels, and flood extent. This manuscript reviews and discusses the capability of these EO data in enhancing flood forecasting systems, by analyzing their accuracy, lead time, and reliability, while at the same time highlighting key challenges such as data latency, spatial–temporal resolution trade-offs, and model assimilation constraints. By leveraging recent advancements in remote sensing, data assimilation techniques, and artificial intelligence, EO-based flood forecasting has the potential to bridge existing observational gaps, particularly in vulnerable regions. The paper also outlines future research directions and technological developments needed to maximize the impact of satellite data in operational flood forecasting systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 2","pages":"317 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10712-026-09935-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falsification of Geological Hypotheses Using Drillholes and Geophysics","authors":"Xiaolong Wei,&nbsp;Zhen Yin,&nbsp;Wilson Bonner,&nbsp;Jef Caers","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09936-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09936-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geological hypotheses, informed by textbooks, field observations, or empirical insights, are essential in understanding the subsurface geological structures. The characterization of subsurface targets often hinges on the hypotheses regarding shape and physical properties. This study proposes a Bayesian framework designed to falsify the geological hypotheses using drillholes and geophysical gravity and magnetic data. We test the hypotheses of shape for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization depicted by sketches from the literature. Our framework involves a quantitative representation of a geological sketch, followed by Monte Carlo sampling to generate a sequence of models that are aligned with the sketch. These model realizations account for uncertainties inherent in the sketch (i.e., hypothesis). Drillhole data serve as a constraint, ensuring that the model realizations also match with lithologies. Geophysical data are an independent falsification tool, not involved in the modeling process but crucial for hypothesis testing. A specific metric is employed to quantitatively evaluate the falsification and support effective decision-making for shapes. Our study progresses to test hypotheses concerning physical properties, specifically focusing on density contrast and magnetic susceptibility. We evaluate whether these properties are homogeneous or heterogeneous across the survey area. In this paper, a synthetic tutorial example demonstrates the efficacy of our framework, where an incorrect hypothetical sketch is falsified using gravity data. In the real case study, we focus on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization at the Crystal Lake Gabbro in Ontario, Canada. The results falsify a blob-shaped hypothesis while confirming a funnel-shaped sketch with heterogeneous density contrast and susceptibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 2","pages":"289 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Questions on Ion–Neutral Collisions and Coupling in the Lower Thermosphere–Ionosphere: Electrodynamics, Energetics and Dynamics","authors":"Theodoros E. Sarris, Stelios Tourgaidis, Dimitrios Baloukidis, Maxime Grandin, Astrid Maute, Robert F. Pfaff, Jeffrey Thayer, James Clemmons, Karl Laundal, Hanli Liu, Panagiotis Pirnaris, Noora Partamies, Fazlul I. Laskar, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Mykola Ivchenko, David Knudsen, Tomoko Matsuo, Minna M. E. Palmroth, William Bill K. Peterson, Gareth Perry, Claudia Stolle, Sarah Vines, Michel Blanc, Mathieu Barthelemy, Hilde Nesse","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09937-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09937-8","url":null,"abstract":"The Lower Thermosphere–Ionosphere (LTI) is the interface region between the Earth’s atmosphere and space. It is modulated by the energy and momentum deposition from the magnetosphere above and by the impacting waves from the lower atmosphere. The LTI region is defined by the co-existence and interaction of neutral and ionized species within the region’s electric and magnetic fields. This interplay results in unique and complex interactions between neutrals and plasmas, that are not fully understood and quantified to this date. In this paper we present an overview of some of the most important open questions related to ion/neutral coupling and the resulting collisional electrodynamics, collisional energetics and collisional dynamics processes. We outline the key reasons for addressing these questions, and highlight methodologies that can lead to their closure in the upcoming years.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Earthquake Precursor Anomaly Extraction Techniques for Geophysical Time-Series Observations","authors":"Zining Yu,&nbsp;Xilong Jing,&nbsp;Minglin Yang,&nbsp;Jiarui Zhang,&nbsp;Kaiguang Zhu,&nbsp;Dedalo Marchetti,&nbsp;Katsumi Hattori,&nbsp;Haiyong Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09927-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09927-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extracting earthquake precursors from observation data is a long-standing challenge. In principle, the observation data are the first-hand information to understand the earthquake process, and anomaly extraction is a necessary step to discover earthquake precursors, as well as hopefully enable earthquake prediction. At present, advancements in monitoring systems and anomaly extraction technologies have improved our understanding of many earthquake cases. However, due to diverse geophysical measurement techniques, as well as there could be some different theories and consequent signals induced by earthquake activity, anomaly extraction techniques remain fragmented, with no unified technological consensus established. This review uniquely summarizes time-series-based anomaly extraction techniques across geophysical observations for earthquake precursors, unlike existing reviews that mainly concentrate on individual geophysical observation types. Specifically, we outline the classification of anomaly extraction techniques in time-series observations by investigating their data types, the associated anomaly types, and the corresponding extraction methods. It is found that the growing data and precursor knowledge have shifted extraction methods from traditional to data-driven approaches, transforming anomalies into complex contextual or pattern signals preceding earthquakes. This review offers a practical reference framework for assessing extraction techniques and refining their performance in terms of data and anomaly types. We also hope this investigation will advance understanding of evolving extraction methods and their predictive potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 2","pages":"243 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iterative Downward Continuation and Modeling of the Earth’s Global Gravity Field in Ellipsoidal Harmonics","authors":"Cong Liu,&nbsp;Zhengtao Wang,&nbsp;Yu Gao,&nbsp;Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09931-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09931-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Downward-continuing the Earth’s surface gravity observations to the reference ellipsoid is a key issue in gravity field modeling. In this paper, we present an iterative downward continuation approach completely in the oblate spheroidal coordinate system and ellipsoidal harmonics, based on the Taylor series with respect to the semi-minor axis of the confocal ellipsoid. The use of the oblate spheroidal coordinates simplifies the calculation of gradients. Through numerical tests, the accuracy of the Taylor series expansion was validated. In the closed-loop experiments, we applied the iterative technique to the global disturbing potential and gravity disturbance grids synthesized from truncated XGM2019e ellipsoidal harmonic coefficients. We found that 500 iterations are sufficient for practical applications of downward continuation up to degree 5399, to recover the gravity field with a global error of <span>(sim 4.93 times 10^{ - 4} {text{ m}}^{{2}} {text{s}}^{{ - 2}})</span> in disturbing potential, <span>(sim 5.03 times 10^{ - 5} {text{ m}})</span> in height anomaly at most. The iterative downward continuation approach was then applied to modeling a composite of gravity disturbance data set from SRTM2gravity and XGM2019e up to d/o 5399. The results show that short wavelength signals with a root mean square (RMS) of 0.60 mGal above the harmonic band are not modeled, so the model yields significant errors in some areas. At last, we augment the existing XGM2019e model on the continents up to d/o 10,799 via the iterative downward continuation approach; the evaluations by ground-truth data show that the augmented model improves XGM2019e by ~ 25% in Colorado and ~ 37% in Switzerland. In summary, the proposed iterative downward continuation method can provide a convenient and reliable solution to the modeling of the Earth’s surface gravity field. This may be beneficial to further enhance the resolution of global gravity field models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"217 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of a Dense Seismic Network on La Palma Island (2023-2024) for High-Resolution Imaging of the Velocity Structure Using Passive Seismic Methods","authors":"Javier Tortosa,&nbsp;Javier Almendros,&nbsp;Enrique Carmona,&nbsp;José Benito Martín,&nbsp;Janire Prudencio,&nbsp;Joan Antoni Parera-Portell,&nbsp;Rafael Abella,&nbsp;Carlos Araque-Pérez,&nbsp;José Morales,&nbsp;Pablo Rey-Devesa,&nbsp;Benjamin Heit,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yuan,&nbsp;Alfonso Ontiveros-Ortega,&nbsp;Iván Melchor,&nbsp;Cinthia Guerrero-Reinoso,&nbsp;David Carrero,&nbsp;Inmaculada Serrano,&nbsp;Gerardo Alguacil,&nbsp;Guillermo Cortés,&nbsp;Mercedes Feriche,&nbsp;Antonio Martos,&nbsp;Javier Moreno,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Dengra","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09933-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09933-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the IMAGMASEIS project, a large-N seismic experiment carried out on La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) between 2023 and 2024, aimed at high-resolution imaging of the crustal and upper mantle structure using passive seismic methods. The project involved the deployment of 235 temporary broadband and short-period seismic stations, supplementing 21 permanent stations, thus creating the densest seismic network ever installed on the island. The main goal is to characterise the magmatic plumbing system beneath Cumbre Vieja volcano, identify magma accumulation zones, and investigate structural changes related to the 2021 Tajogaite eruption. We describe the experimental design, network configuration, instrumentation, deployment strategies, and challenges encountered, including difficult terrain and logistical constraints. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the dataset for ambient noise tomography, receiver function analysis, and local earthquake studies. IMAGMASEIS provides a valuable resource for understanding volcanic and tectonic processes in oceanic island settings and serves as a model for cost-effective, high-density seismic deployments in similar environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"191 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10712-026-09933-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Body-Wave Travel-Time Tomography by an Inland Seismic Array Using Ambient Noise Excited by Typhoons","authors":"Mingze Du,&nbsp;Ji Gao,&nbsp;Haijiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09934-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09934-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambient noise tomography using surface waves extracted from ambient noise is routinely employed to determine subsurface velocity models at various scales. In contrast, fewer studies have reported extracting body waves for tomography, particularly using seismic arrays far from the ocean. In this study, we successfully extracted reliable diving body waves between stations using a temporary dense seismic array deployed in the Zhangbaling segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone, China, located approximately 400 km from the ocean. Through an ambient noise analysis workflow incorporating beamforming, time–frequency spectral analysis, and polarization analysis, we demonstrate that western-Pacific typhoons act as critical noise sources for exciting body waves recorded by this inland array. We further adopt rigorous data segment selection and signal enhancement techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratios of extracted P waves. These body waves were then used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) P-wave velocity (Vp) structure of the upper crust surrounding the Tanlu Fault Zone, which exhibits patterns similar to the 3D S-wave velocity (Vs) model obtained from ambient noise surface-wave tomography. Our study shows that high-quality diving P waves can be extracted via cross-correlation and stacking of ambient seismic noise for an inland seismic array during intense pelagic atmospheric activity. These body waves provide additional constraints on subsurface structures compared to conventional ambient noise surface-wave tomography.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"173 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty Quantification of Satellite-Based Essential Climate Variables Derived from Deep Learning","authors":"Junyang Gou, Arnt-Børre Salberg, Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi, Mohammad J. Tourian, Ulrich Meyer, Eva Boergens, Anders U. Waldeland, Isabella Velicogna, Fredrik Dahl, Adrian Jäggi, Konrad Schindler, Benedikt Soja","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09919-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09919-2","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate uncertainty information associated with essential climate variables (ECVs) is crucial for reliable climate modeling and understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the Earth system. Recent developments in deep learning have remarkably advanced the estimation of ECVs with improved accuracy. However, the quantification of uncertainties associated with outputs of such deep learning models has yet to be widely adopted. This survey explores the types of uncertainties associated with ECVs derived from deep learning methods, including aleatoric (data) and epistemic (model) uncertainty, and the techniques to quantify them. The focus is on highlighting the importance of considering uncertainty associated with inputs in the deep learning models to account for the dynamic and multifaceted nature of satellite observations. The survey starts by clarifying the definitions of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties and their roles in a typical satellite observation processing workflow, followed by bridging the gap between conventional statistical and deep learning views on uncertainties. Then, we comprehensively review the existing uncertainty quantification methods for deep learning algorithms and discuss their strengths and limitations. A comprehensive literature review about quantifying uncertainties in the deep learning estimates of ECVs follows the theoretical survey, covering a wide range of ECVs. The specific need for modification to fit the requirements from both the Earth observation side and the deep learning side in such interdisciplinary tasks is highlighted. We further demonstrate our findings with two selected ECV examples, snow cover and terrestrial water storage, to provide clear insights into different methods by promoting quantitative comparison. In the end, we summarize our findings and provide perspectives for future research.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}