Surveys in Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Unresolved Questions in Subauroral Science: Exploring Key Challenges in Physics and Chemistry","authors":"Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, Maxime Grandin, Aurélie Marchaudon, Mathieu Barthelemy","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09928-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09928-9","url":null,"abstract":"The subauroral region, located equatorward of the auroral oval, is a highly dynamic and complex interface between the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. While traditionally associated with stable optical structures such as stable auroral red arcs, recent observations have revealed a wide range of transient and extreme phenomena—such as subauroral ion drifts and strong thermal emission velocity enhancement—which highlight the region’s variability and intense coupling. The dynamics of the subauroral ionosphere are not only influenced by processes occurring at higher latitudes within the auroral oval but are also shaped by interactions across multiple regions of geospace, including the inner magnetosphere, ring current, inner plasma sheet, and the lower-altitude thermosphere. This growing body of research has underscored both the scientific richness of the subauroral region and the many outstanding questions regarding its drivers and chemical processes. In this paper, we present a in-depth review of observed subauroral structures, available ground-based and satellite datasets, and current modeling efforts aimed at understanding the region’s dynamics. We also examine the state of knowledge surrounding the subauroral ionospheric/thermospheric chemistry and outline critical gaps that require further investigation. Finally, we discuss the pressing need for targeted experiments and new space missions to advance our understanding of this key geospace region.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Origin and Evolution of Earth’s Deep Structure","authors":"Peng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09932-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09932-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating the deep interior of Earth, particularly large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) and ultra-low-velocity zones (ULVZs), is crucial for elucidating mantle convection, core-mantle coupling, and planetary evolution. Existing research identifies significant gaps in knowledge regarding the origins, compositions, and evolutionary processes of these features. This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating dynamical simulations, seismic imaging techniques, and geochemical analyses to comprehensively investigate the formation, evolution, and fate of LLVPs and ULVZs. Key findings reveal that LLVPs predominantly arise from primordial materials and subducted oceanic crust, while ULVZs are primarily products of core-mantle interactions and subduction-related processes. The convective dynamics at the mantle’s base driven by subduction facilitate the evolution of LLVPs into thermochemical reservoirs and the emergence of ULVZs. Notably, LLVPs are intricately linked to the global supercontinent cycle; for instance, the Pacific LLVP is associated with the Rodinia supercontinent’s aggregation, while the Africa LLVP is linked to Pangaea’s formation. This research offers a framework for advancing our understanding of the intricate interactions between Earth’s deep structures and surface tectonics, possibly laying the groundwork for future geodynamic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"149 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Footsteps of Research on Electrical Conductivity Distribution in Volcanically and Seismically Active Japan Arcs: Interpretation from the Perspective of Subduction Dynamics","authors":"Maki Hata","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09929-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09929-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Atmospheric Waves for the Detection and Early Warning of Natural Hazards: A Review Combining Results from the Neutral Atmosphere and the Ionosphere","authors":"Sabine Wüst, Marco Guerra, Jaroslav Chum, L. Claire Gasque","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09909-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09909-4","url":null,"abstract":"Waves transport energy through the atmosphere without transporting mass. Often excited in the troposphere, they can propagate horizontally and vertically over long distances, depending on the type of wave and the background atmosphere. The fastest atmospheric waves are (infra)sound and acoustic gravity waves. The list of possible reasons for the generation of these atmospheric waves is not short; here, we concentrate on natural hazards. Due to their comparatively high propagation speed, infrasound and acoustic gravity waves can contribute to or even improve early warning of natural hazards, even when measured at high altitudes. Traditionally, each scientific community—the one that deals with the neutral atmosphere and the one that addresses the ionosphere—usually works on its own. The aim of this manuscript is to bring together observations and results from both communities. The main challenges of the respective communities with regard to the use of these waves in the context of early warning of natural hazards are identified.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Petrophysical Inversion Guided by Rock Physics Modeling for Quantitative Estimation of Permeability and Gas Saturation in Volcanic Reservoirs","authors":"Yuedong Li,&nbsp;Zhiqi Guo,&nbsp;Cai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09930-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09930-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimation of permeability (<i>κ</i>) and gas saturation (<i>S</i>_g) is critical for identifying productive intervals in volcanic reservoirs, yet severe heterogeneity in rock matrix and fluid distribution poses significant challenges to reliable prediction. This study presents a physics-based seismic petrophysical inversion framework that integrates log-scale rock physics modeling with seismic-scale stochastic nonlinear inversion to quantitatively estimate <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g. A rock physics model is formulated with a parameter <i>α</i> that modulates the permeability-dependent effective fluid modulus (<i>K</i>_f), providing a physically interpretable mechanism that allows<i> K</i>_f to vary continuously between relaxed and unrelaxed fluid mixing regimes. The parameter <i>α</i> is estimated from well logs using a model-based approach, and its strong correlation with <i>κ</i> demonstrates its utility as a permeability proxy. Two seismic indicators, <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i>, are derived from rock physics relationships linking <i>α</i> and fluid properties to <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g measurements. The calibrated rock physics regressions provide quantitative estimates of <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g from<i> I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i>. A PP-wave reflectivity formulation parameterized by <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i> is derived, benchmarked against conventional expressions, and incorporated into the stochastic nonlinear inversion scheme to retrieve <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i> from seismic data. Synthetic tests confirm the robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach. For field data applications, stratigraphic complexity is addressed through seismic waveform-constrained prior construction, enabling reliable inversion of <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i>, which are then converted into <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g via calibrated regressions. This framework provides a physics-based strategy for quantitative characterization of permeability and gas saturation in complex volcanic formations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"109 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in 2D Frequency-Domain Marine Controlled-Source EM Inversion Using Adjoint Approximate Sensitivities","authors":"Gang Li,&nbsp;Yutao Liu,&nbsp;Octavio Castillo-Reyes","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09925-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09925-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) inversion is a widely used technique for imaging subsurface structures beneath the seafloor and exploring hydrocarbon or mineral resources. Although essential for data interpretation, the inversion process is computationally intensive, particularly due to the high memory demands and time consumption associated with sensitivity calculations, even in 2D cases. This paper presents recent advances in frequency-domain marine CSEM inversion algorithms, including a novel method for approximating sensitivities that significantly accelerates 2D inversion without relying on exact sensitivity matrices. A 2.5D frequency-domain CSEM forward modeling solver is employed as a testbed, where the secondary-field formulation is adopted to mitigate source singularities and enhance numerical accuracy. In the developed 2D inversion routine, the sensitivity matrix is computed via the adjoint-state method, integrating the inner product of the adjoint and forward electric fields over each cell during each iteration. The inversion is performed using the Gauss–Newton optimization scheme. To improve computational efficiency, adjoint fields are evaluated over a simplified layered model rather than the full multidimensional true model. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed sensitivity approximation achieves nearly identical inversion performance to that of the exact sensitivities. Results from both synthetic and experimental datasets confirm that the approximate sensitivities are sufficiently accurate to ensure convergence toward geologically meaningful solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"85 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filtering Unevenly Spaced Geophysical Time Series as an Ill-Posed Problem","authors":"Kunpu Ji,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Fengwei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09924-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09924-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Irregularly sampled geophysical time series are common in practice due to data gaps caused by sensor outages, environmental disturbances, or quality control procedures. Conventional digital filters, such as Fourier filters, require complete time series data and therefore cannot be directly applied to unevenly spaced noisy data without prior interpolation. In this study, we demonstrate that filtering unevenly spaced time series using Fourier filtering is inherently an ill-posed problem, manifested as rank deficiency in the associated parametric model. Building on this insight, we propose a minimum norm least squares Fourier filtering (MFF) that processes unevenly spaced time series without the need for preliminary data interpolation. Additionally, the prior covariance matrix of the time series is incorporated to further improve the filtering performance. We first apply the proposed method to extract deformation signals from daily position time series of 27 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) monitoring stations across the mainland China spanning from 1999 to 2024. The performance of MFF is compared with conventional Fourier filtering (CFF) with interpolation. The results demonstrate that MFF outperforms CFF, especially when prior precision is considered, as evidenced by a smaller fitting error of the extracted signals. Simulations confirm that signals recovered by MFF are closer to the true signals, with root mean square error (RMSE) reductions of 12.3 to 19.4% across the 27 stations, depending on the percentage of missing data. Incorporating formal errors provides an additional average RMSE reduction of 2.9%. Finally, we apply MFF to retrieve mass change signals from monthly gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-FO gravity field solutions. The results agree with those from GNSS time series and show that MFF outperforms CFF in extracting components within desired frequency bands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"23 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145955811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slabs and Plumes Beneath South America Revealed by Whole-Mantle Tomography","authors":"Genti Toyokuni,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09926-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09926-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>South America is known as a long-lived and extensive subduction zone where the Nazca and Antarctic Plates are subducting beneath the South American Plate from the west. This subduction is considered to significantly influence the tectonics, seismicity, and volcanic activity in and around the continent. However, its relationship with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on the other side of the continent remains poorly understood. The eruption mechanism of the Robledo caldera in the Andes of Argentina, which experienced a Volcanic Explosivity Index 7 eruption around 2300 BCE, is not well constrained either. To resolve these issues, we apply a global tomography method to reveal the 3-D <i>P</i>-wave velocity (<i>V</i>_P) structure of the whole mantle beneath this region. We used ~7.2 million arrival times of 21,897 earthquakes recorded at 14,236 seismograph stations worldwide. The resulting <span>({V}_{P})</span> tomography clearly shows high-<i>V</i>_P subducted slabs and low-<i>V</i>_P anomalies above and below the slabs, which may reflect corner flow in the mantle wedge and subslab hot mantle upwelling (SHMU), respectively. A slab window is revealed beneath the Robledo caldera. Given the development of SHMU beneath this region, the huge eruption of the Robledo caldera might be powered by a mixture of the SHMU and magma in the mantle wedge through the slab window. Our tomography also suggests that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge had been opened due to hot mantle return flow associated with the subsidence of slab remnants into the lower mantle. Although such a mechanism was noted beneath North America, it is firstly confirmed in South America.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"61 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10712-025-09926-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145955808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Unified Framework for Trend Uncertainty Assessment in Climate Data Records: Demonstration on Global Mean Sea Level","authors":"Kevin Gobron, Roland Hohensinn, Xavier Loizeau, Claire E. Bulgin, Christopher J. Merchant, Emma R. Woolliams, Maurice G. Cox, Wouter Dorigo, Thomas Howard, Mary Langsdale, Adam C. Povey, Michaël Ablain, Janusz Bogusz, Alexander Gruber, Anna Klos, Jonathan Mittaz","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09922-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09922-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145955810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error Covariance Structure Caused by Uncertainties in Atmospheric Correction for Optical Sensors","authors":"Simon Blessing, Ralf Giering","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09921-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09921-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145955809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}