Surveys in Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Unconventional Three-Dimensional Active Seismic Tomography Applied in the Lousal Mine (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal)","authors":"Ines Hamak,&nbsp;Pedro Teixeira,&nbsp;José Borges,&nbsp;Ivan Koulakov,&nbsp;Rui Oliveira,&nbsp;Bento Caldeira,&nbsp;Mourad Bezzeghoud,&nbsp;João X. Matos,&nbsp;Sofia Andringa","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09920-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09920-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Lousal Mine (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal) was operated from 1900 to 1988 for the extraction of massive sulphides and was later rehabilitated as a science museum. It was selected as a test site for underground muon tomography applied to geophysical surveys, as part of the LouMu project. This study focuses on seismic tomography to analyse the subsurface above the mine gallery, primarily surveyed by a muography telescope, which was developed specifically for this site by the Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics. To validate the muon tomography results, an initial approach using conventional 2D seismic refraction failed to reach the Waldemar gallery depth, due to limited seismic ray coverage. Therefore, an innovative setup using surface shots and in-gallery geophones was implemented, providing full ray coverage. A 3D velocity model was then produced using the ATOM3D code, which enabled the integration of this configuration and performed travel-time inversion for velocity calculation. A regional dextral strike-slip fault, the Corona Fault (CF), crosses the surveyed area, and served as the main focus of this investigation. The 3D velocity model successfully detected this structure, that corresponded to the boundary between positive anomalies of the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex (VSC) and negative anomalies of the Phyllite-Quartzite Group (PQG). The absolute velocity distribution showed a distinct offset around the Corona Fault (CF), indicating a dextral strike-slip mechanism. A subvertical extension of secondary faults was observed, reflecting deformation similar to that of the main tectonic context. Previous data from the gallery confirmed that these results are consistent with the known geology and can serve as a reference for the muon tomography interpretations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10712-025-09920-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Gaps in Understanding and Monitoring Low-Latitude F-region Plasma Irregularities","authors":"Astrid Maute, Tibor Durgonics, Joe Huba, Rayan Imam, Hanli Liu, Garima Malhotra, John Retterer, Claudia C. Stephan, Claudia Stolle, Endawoke Yizengaw","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09917-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09917-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Data Assimilation Methods for Polar Ionospheric Electrodynamics","authors":"Karl M. Laundal, Aurélie Marchaudon, Astrid Maute, Spencer M. Hatch, Florine Enengl, Tomoko Matsuo, Margot Decotte, Michael Madelaire, Viacheslav G. Merkin, Anthony Sciola, Veronika Haberle, Andreas S. Skeidsvoll","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09918-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09918-3","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately specifying polar ionospheric electrodynamics is essential for understanding energy and momentum exchange between space and the upper atmosphere and for improving simulations of the ionosphere and the thermosphere. Statistical models are commonly used to provide input for global circulation models (GCMs). However, maps derived from simultaneous multi-instrument observations better represent the actual state of the system. Such maps integrate measurements from ground-based magnetometers and radars, in situ plasma and magnetic field sensors at low-Earth orbit, and optical and particle observations of auroral precipitation. However, ionospheric data assimilation remains in its early stages. Current methods rely on restrictive assumptions to simplify equations and stabilize inverse problems, but these constraints limit applicability beyond polar regions, hinder the inclusion of time-dependent processes, and prevent independent estimation of ionospheric conductance. This review examines the physical foundations of ionospheric data assimilation, evaluates the limitations of existing approaches, and explores pathways toward more accurate and flexible techniques. Specifically, we discuss approaches to: (1) use a common dataset to estimate conductance and fields in a single inversion; (2) incorporate neutral winds instead of assuming they are zero; (3) account for a realistic main magnetic field geometry instead of assuming radial field lines; (4) eliminate a sharp boundary between polar and low-latitude regions; (5) use F-region density measurements to capture the history of ionospheric conductance and plasma transport; (6) account for the magnetic field of ground-induced currents in a more realistic way; (7) include ionospheric induction effects to stabilize time-dependent inversions; and (8) couple ionospheric electrodynamics with global magnetosphere simulations to model the physics of time variations.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives and Challenges in High-Resolution Whole-Atmosphere Modeling","authors":"Claudia Christine Stephan, Han-Li Liu, Huixin Liu, Xian Lu, Astrid Maute, Nicholas M. Pedatella, Valery A. Yudin","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09915-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09915-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Metrological Framework for Addressing Uncertainty in Satellite and In Situ Earth Environmental Observations","authors":"Emma Woolliams, Maurice Cox, Xavier Loizeau, Jonathan Mittaz, Bernardo Mota, Pieter De Vis, Alison Cobb, Tom Gardiner, Rod Robinson, Samuel Hunt, Paul Green","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09916-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09916-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145593838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Wind–Ionosphere–Troposphere Coupling Via the Polar Branch of the Global Electric Circuit","authors":"Renata Lukianova, Alexander Frank-Kamenetsky, Jeni Victor, Alexander Kozlovsky","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09914-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09914-7","url":null,"abstract":"It is believed that the global atmospheric electrical circuit (GEC) could provide a possible link between the space environment and terrestrial weather. The electric charge from electrified clouds is uniformly distributed on the highly conductive, compared to the air below, ionospheric shell. In the polar regions, an additional, rather variable electric potential arising in the local ionosphere due to the interaction of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field with the Earth's magnetosphere is superimposed on the background maintained by global thunderstorm activity. At high latitudes, variable fluxes of energetic particles of galactic, solar, and magnetospheric origin ionize atmospheric gases. This leads to an increase in the conductivity of the air. It is the polar branch of the GEC that connects the troposphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and the Sun. The paper is partly a review of previously published results, supplemented by an original analysis based on atmospheric electric field data collected in Antarctica. The following issues are considered: (1) fair-weather conditions and the diurnal variation in polar atmospheric electric field, (2) factors influencing the polar branch of the GEC, including the evolution of the electric potential of ionospheric convection, (3) the relationship between the ground-based potential gradient, geomagnetic variations, and other parameters; the period of March 2015, during which a magnetic storm and cyclonic activity occurred, is considered as a case study, (4) a controversial issue of the possible influence of the IMF By on the tropospheric pressure, as predicted by the Mansurov effect; the severe space weather period of October–November 2003 is taken as an example, (5) the short- and long-term periodicities in the atmospheric potential gradient.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Envelope Inversion for Large-Scale Background Model Building","authors":"Yong Hu,&nbsp;Ru-Shan Wu,&nbsp;Jingrui Luo,&nbsp;Guoxin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09913-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09913-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a critical technique for deriving high-resolution velocity models in geophysical studies. However, the lack of low-frequency components in seismic data can result in significant cycle-skipping issues, leading to inaccurate inversion outcomes. Fortunately, the envelope of seismic data contains abundant low-frequency information that can be utilized to improve the inversion of large-scale background velocity models. Within the FWI framework, current envelope inversion (EI) methods can be classified into two primary categories: (1) conventional envelope inversion, which employs the waveform Fréchet derivative and is optimally suited for weak scattering scenarios, and (2) direct envelope inversion, which utilizes the envelope Fréchet derivative and demonstrates effectiveness in inverting models characterized by strong contrasts. This review paper addresses the following key aspects: (1) an overview of the principles underlying conventional envelope inversion and direct envelope inversion methodologies, alongside a detailed comparative analysis; (2) an evaluation of the limitations and effectiveness of both conventional and direct envelope inversion techniques when applied to weak and strong scattering media, supported by comprehensive numerical test cases; and (3) a thorough review of the historical development of envelope inversion, exploring its critical challenges, current solutions, and future perspectives in the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"46 6","pages":"1217 - 1246"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generative Foundation Model for an All-in-One Seismic Processing Framework","authors":"Shijun Cheng,&nbsp;Randy Harsuko,&nbsp;Tariq Alkhalifah","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09912-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09912-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seismic data often face challenges in their utilization due to noise contamination, incomplete acquisition, and limited low-frequency information, which hinder accurate subsurface imaging and interpretation. Traditional processing methods rely heavily on task-specific designs to address these challenges and fail to account for the variability of data. To address these limitations, we present a generative seismic foundation model (GSFM), a unified framework based on generative diffusion models (GDMs), designed to tackle multi-task seismic processing challenges, including denoising, backscattered noise attenuation, interpolation, and low-frequency extrapolation. GSFM leverages a pre-training stage on synthetic data to capture the features of clean, complete, and broadband seismic data distributions and applies an iterative fine-tuning strategy to adapt the model to field data. By adopting a target-oriented diffusion process prediction, GSFM improves computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. Synthetic data tests demonstrate that GSFM surpasses benchmarks with equivalent architectures in all tasks and achieves performance comparable to traditional pre-training strategies, even after their fine-tuning. Also, field data tests suggest that our iterative fine-tuning approach addresses the generalization limitations of conventional pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms, delivering significantly enhanced performance across diverse tasks. Furthermore, GSFM’s inherent probabilistic nature enables effective uncertainty quantification, offering valuable insights into the reliability of processing results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"46 6","pages":"1173 - 1215"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismogenic Structures in Subduction Zones","authors":"Dapeng Zhao,&nbsp;Genti Toyokuni","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09911-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09911-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies of high-resolution seismic tomography of source zones of large crustal earthquakes, megathrust earthquakes, and intraslab earthquakes are reviewed, which shed new light on seismogenic structures and fluids in subduction zones. Large crustal earthquakes generally occurred in high-velocity (high-V) zones in the brittle upper crust, whereas low-velocity and high Poisson’s ratio anomalies exist in the lower crust and upper (or uppermost) mantle, which may reflect fluids released from dehydration of the subducting slab. The fluids may trigger large crustal earthquakes. The interplate megathrust zone exhibits prominent structural heterogeneities. Large megathrust earthquakes generally occurred in high-V areas, reflecting strongly coupled patches (or asperities) in the megathrust zone due to the subduction of seamounts or topographic plateaus in the incoming oceanic plate. The megathrust seismogenesis may be affected or controlled by structural anomalies in both the upper and lower plates, as well as hot upwelling flows in the subslab mantle. Lower-velocity anomalies are revealed in source zones of large intraslab earthquakes, which are attributed to the process of dehydration embrittlement resulting from dehydration of hydrous minerals in the slab, which may trigger the mainshock and aftershock sequences by enhancing pore pressures along preexisting faults and fractures in the slab. All these results indicate that fluids play an important role in the generation of most earthquakes in subduction zones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"46 6","pages":"1137 - 1172"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10712-025-09911-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145382434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the Non-uniqueness Inherent in MT Inversion: A Comparative Study of Influential Factors and Algorithm-Dependent Uncertainties in FEMTIC and ModEM with USArray MT Data","authors":"Han Song,&nbsp;Yoshiya Usui,&nbsp;Makoto Uyeshima,&nbsp;Peng Yu,&nbsp;Dieno Diba,&nbsp;Bo Yang,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Baba,&nbsp;Takao Koyama","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09901-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09901-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three-dimensional (3-D) magnetotelluric (MT) inversion outcomes are influenced by various user-defined configurations, yet comprehensive analyses and rigorous testing of them are rarely conducted, particularly for 3-D large-scale surveys. Additionally, different inversion frameworks will inevitably yield varying “preferred” models, highlighting the need to investigate the reasons behind these discrepancies, which can uncover model uncertainties linked to algorithm-specific choices. This study focuses on analyzing and comparing factors from the above two categories that contribute to uncertainties in inversions and interpretations. First, to explore the user-defined configurations that lead to differing results, we performed multiple tests using the USArray MT data. Specifically, we assessed the impact of regularization parameters, prior information, projection methods, regularization types, data types and frequencies, initial models, mesh settings, and distortion correction on inversion outcomes by the two most widely used inversion frameworks: ModEM and FEMTIC. After thoroughly analyzing these factors, we present a new electrical model for the Northwestern U.S. using FEMTIC code. The primary conductivity variation of this model aligns well with a previous one obtained by utilizing ModEM. However, large-scale differences between the two “preferred” solutions are still observed. We conclude that the discrepancies in geologically active high-conductivity zones are mainly due to different selection method for regularization parameter and mesh settings, and difference in average resistivities of the lower upper mantle primarily stem from differing degrees of dependence on the initial model, a distinction that fundamentally stems from differences in regularization assumptions and optimization algorithms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"46 6","pages":"1079 - 1135"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}