Surveys in Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Iterative Downward Continuation and Modeling of the Earth’s Global Gravity Field in Ellipsoidal Harmonics","authors":"Cong Liu,&nbsp;Zhengtao Wang,&nbsp;Yu Gao,&nbsp;Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09931-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09931-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Downward-continuing the Earth’s surface gravity observations to the reference ellipsoid is a key issue in gravity field modeling. In this paper, we present an iterative downward continuation approach completely in the oblate spheroidal coordinate system and ellipsoidal harmonics, based on the Taylor series with respect to the semi-minor axis of the confocal ellipsoid. The use of the oblate spheroidal coordinates simplifies the calculation of gradients. Through numerical tests, the accuracy of the Taylor series expansion was validated. In the closed-loop experiments, we applied the iterative technique to the global disturbing potential and gravity disturbance grids synthesized from truncated XGM2019e ellipsoidal harmonic coefficients. We found that 500 iterations are sufficient for practical applications of downward continuation up to degree 5399, to recover the gravity field with a global error of <span>(sim 4.93 times 10^{ - 4} {text{ m}}^{{2}} {text{s}}^{{ - 2}})</span> in disturbing potential, <span>(sim 5.03 times 10^{ - 5} {text{ m}})</span> in height anomaly at most. The iterative downward continuation approach was then applied to modeling a composite of gravity disturbance data set from SRTM2gravity and XGM2019e up to d/o 5399. The results show that short wavelength signals with a root mean square (RMS) of 0.60 mGal above the harmonic band are not modeled, so the model yields significant errors in some areas. At last, we augment the existing XGM2019e model on the continents up to d/o 10,799 via the iterative downward continuation approach; the evaluations by ground-truth data show that the augmented model improves XGM2019e by ~ 25% in Colorado and ~ 37% in Switzerland. In summary, the proposed iterative downward continuation method can provide a convenient and reliable solution to the modeling of the Earth’s surface gravity field. This may be beneficial to further enhance the resolution of global gravity field models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"217 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of a Dense Seismic Network on La Palma Island (2023-2024) for High-Resolution Imaging of the Velocity Structure Using Passive Seismic Methods","authors":"Javier Tortosa,&nbsp;Javier Almendros,&nbsp;Enrique Carmona,&nbsp;José Benito Martín,&nbsp;Janire Prudencio,&nbsp;Joan Antoni Parera-Portell,&nbsp;Rafael Abella,&nbsp;Carlos Araque-Pérez,&nbsp;José Morales,&nbsp;Pablo Rey-Devesa,&nbsp;Benjamin Heit,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yuan,&nbsp;Alfonso Ontiveros-Ortega,&nbsp;Iván Melchor,&nbsp;Cinthia Guerrero-Reinoso,&nbsp;David Carrero,&nbsp;Inmaculada Serrano,&nbsp;Gerardo Alguacil,&nbsp;Guillermo Cortés,&nbsp;Mercedes Feriche,&nbsp;Antonio Martos,&nbsp;Javier Moreno,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Dengra","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09933-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09933-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the IMAGMASEIS project, a large-N seismic experiment carried out on La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) between 2023 and 2024, aimed at high-resolution imaging of the crustal and upper mantle structure using passive seismic methods. The project involved the deployment of 235 temporary broadband and short-period seismic stations, supplementing 21 permanent stations, thus creating the densest seismic network ever installed on the island. The main goal is to characterise the magmatic plumbing system beneath Cumbre Vieja volcano, identify magma accumulation zones, and investigate structural changes related to the 2021 Tajogaite eruption. We describe the experimental design, network configuration, instrumentation, deployment strategies, and challenges encountered, including difficult terrain and logistical constraints. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the dataset for ambient noise tomography, receiver function analysis, and local earthquake studies. IMAGMASEIS provides a valuable resource for understanding volcanic and tectonic processes in oceanic island settings and serves as a model for cost-effective, high-density seismic deployments in similar environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"191 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10712-026-09933-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Body-Wave Travel-Time Tomography by an Inland Seismic Array Using Ambient Noise Excited by Typhoons","authors":"Mingze Du,&nbsp;Ji Gao,&nbsp;Haijiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09934-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09934-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambient noise tomography using surface waves extracted from ambient noise is routinely employed to determine subsurface velocity models at various scales. In contrast, fewer studies have reported extracting body waves for tomography, particularly using seismic arrays far from the ocean. In this study, we successfully extracted reliable diving body waves between stations using a temporary dense seismic array deployed in the Zhangbaling segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone, China, located approximately 400 km from the ocean. Through an ambient noise analysis workflow incorporating beamforming, time–frequency spectral analysis, and polarization analysis, we demonstrate that western-Pacific typhoons act as critical noise sources for exciting body waves recorded by this inland array. We further adopt rigorous data segment selection and signal enhancement techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratios of extracted P waves. These body waves were then used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) P-wave velocity (Vp) structure of the upper crust surrounding the Tanlu Fault Zone, which exhibits patterns similar to the 3D S-wave velocity (Vs) model obtained from ambient noise surface-wave tomography. Our study shows that high-quality diving P waves can be extracted via cross-correlation and stacking of ambient seismic noise for an inland seismic array during intense pelagic atmospheric activity. These body waves provide additional constraints on subsurface structures compared to conventional ambient noise surface-wave tomography.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"173 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty Quantification of Satellite-Based Essential Climate Variables Derived from Deep Learning","authors":"Junyang Gou, Arnt-Børre Salberg, Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi, Mohammad J. Tourian, Ulrich Meyer, Eva Boergens, Anders U. Waldeland, Isabella Velicogna, Fredrik Dahl, Adrian Jäggi, Konrad Schindler, Benedikt Soja","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09919-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09919-2","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate uncertainty information associated with essential climate variables (ECVs) is crucial for reliable climate modeling and understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the Earth system. Recent developments in deep learning have remarkably advanced the estimation of ECVs with improved accuracy. However, the quantification of uncertainties associated with outputs of such deep learning models has yet to be widely adopted. This survey explores the types of uncertainties associated with ECVs derived from deep learning methods, including aleatoric (data) and epistemic (model) uncertainty, and the techniques to quantify them. The focus is on highlighting the importance of considering uncertainty associated with inputs in the deep learning models to account for the dynamic and multifaceted nature of satellite observations. The survey starts by clarifying the definitions of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties and their roles in a typical satellite observation processing workflow, followed by bridging the gap between conventional statistical and deep learning views on uncertainties. Then, we comprehensively review the existing uncertainty quantification methods for deep learning algorithms and discuss their strengths and limitations. A comprehensive literature review about quantifying uncertainties in the deep learning estimates of ECVs follows the theoretical survey, covering a wide range of ECVs. The specific need for modification to fit the requirements from both the Earth observation side and the deep learning side in such interdisciplinary tasks is highlighted. We further demonstrate our findings with two selected ECV examples, snow cover and terrestrial water storage, to provide clear insights into different methods by promoting quantitative comparison. In the end, we summarize our findings and provide perspectives for future research.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unresolved Questions in Subauroral Science: Exploring Key Challenges in Physics and Chemistry","authors":"Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, Maxime Grandin, Aurélie Marchaudon, Mathieu Barthelemy","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09928-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-026-09928-9","url":null,"abstract":"The subauroral region, located equatorward of the auroral oval, is a highly dynamic and complex interface between the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. While traditionally associated with stable optical structures such as stable auroral red arcs, recent observations have revealed a wide range of transient and extreme phenomena—such as subauroral ion drifts and strong thermal emission velocity enhancement—which highlight the region’s variability and intense coupling. The dynamics of the subauroral ionosphere are not only influenced by processes occurring at higher latitudes within the auroral oval but are also shaped by interactions across multiple regions of geospace, including the inner magnetosphere, ring current, inner plasma sheet, and the lower-altitude thermosphere. This growing body of research has underscored both the scientific richness of the subauroral region and the many outstanding questions regarding its drivers and chemical processes. In this paper, we present a in-depth review of observed subauroral structures, available ground-based and satellite datasets, and current modeling efforts aimed at understanding the region’s dynamics. We also examine the state of knowledge surrounding the subauroral ionospheric/thermospheric chemistry and outline critical gaps that require further investigation. Finally, we discuss the pressing need for targeted experiments and new space missions to advance our understanding of this key geospace region.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Origin and Evolution of Earth’s Deep Structure","authors":"Peng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09932-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09932-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating the deep interior of Earth, particularly large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) and ultra-low-velocity zones (ULVZs), is crucial for elucidating mantle convection, core-mantle coupling, and planetary evolution. Existing research identifies significant gaps in knowledge regarding the origins, compositions, and evolutionary processes of these features. This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating dynamical simulations, seismic imaging techniques, and geochemical analyses to comprehensively investigate the formation, evolution, and fate of LLVPs and ULVZs. Key findings reveal that LLVPs predominantly arise from primordial materials and subducted oceanic crust, while ULVZs are primarily products of core-mantle interactions and subduction-related processes. The convective dynamics at the mantle’s base driven by subduction facilitate the evolution of LLVPs into thermochemical reservoirs and the emergence of ULVZs. Notably, LLVPs are intricately linked to the global supercontinent cycle; for instance, the Pacific LLVP is associated with the Rodinia supercontinent’s aggregation, while the Africa LLVP is linked to Pangaea’s formation. This research offers a framework for advancing our understanding of the intricate interactions between Earth’s deep structures and surface tectonics, possibly laying the groundwork for future geodynamic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"149 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Footsteps of Research on Electrical Conductivity Distribution in Volcanically and Seismically Active Japan Arcs: Interpretation from the Perspective of Subduction Dynamics","authors":"Maki Hata","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09929-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09929-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Japanese archipelago, situated in subduction zones, consists of island arcs formed at the collision areas of four tectonic plates that cover the Earth. The complex movements of these four plates, which control the crustal structure around the archipelago, drive various crustal processes, including mountain building, volcanic/magmatic activity, fault movement, and seismic activity. This makes the island arcs much more unstable compared to continental landmasses. Extensive surveys and research have been conducted in both terrestrial and marine regions around Japan to elucidate the heterogeneous subsurface structures in seismogenic and volcanic zones. These efforts aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying earthquake and volcanic phenomena and to apply this knowledge for disaster prevention in anticipation of potential future threats. The Japanese geo-electromagnetic research community, organized in the 1950s as a pioneering global entity, has consistently and actively pursued investigations into the subsurface heterogeneous structures and phenomena of seismogenic and volcanic zones of varying scales throughout Japan. This paper synthesizes advances in three-dimensional electrical conductivity imaging conducted over the past two decades at the island-arc scale, with particular emphasis on constraining subduction dynamics by characterizing fluid distribution and its influence on seismic and volcanic processes. Consequently, I suggest that a major forthcoming challenge for the Japanese geo-electromagnetic community is the development and broader implementation of controlled-source electromagnetic methods to improve characterization of the upper kilometer of the crust, along with the enhancement and expansion of rock-physical datasets and modeling frameworks to enable more quantitative interpretations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 :","pages":"539 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Atmospheric Waves for the Detection and Early Warning of Natural Hazards: A Review Combining Results from the Neutral Atmosphere and the Ionosphere","authors":"Sabine Wüst, Marco Guerra, Jaroslav Chum, L. Claire Gasque","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09909-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09909-4","url":null,"abstract":"Waves transport energy through the atmosphere without transporting mass. Often excited in the troposphere, they can propagate horizontally and vertically over long distances, depending on the type of wave and the background atmosphere. The fastest atmospheric waves are (infra)sound and acoustic gravity waves. The list of possible reasons for the generation of these atmospheric waves is not short; here, we concentrate on natural hazards. Due to their comparatively high propagation speed, infrasound and acoustic gravity waves can contribute to or even improve early warning of natural hazards, even when measured at high altitudes. Traditionally, each scientific community—the one that deals with the neutral atmosphere and the one that addresses the ionosphere—usually works on its own. The aim of this manuscript is to bring together observations and results from both communities. The main challenges of the respective communities with regard to the use of these waves in the context of early warning of natural hazards are identified.","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Petrophysical Inversion Guided by Rock Physics Modeling for Quantitative Estimation of Permeability and Gas Saturation in Volcanic Reservoirs","authors":"Yuedong Li,&nbsp;Zhiqi Guo,&nbsp;Cai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10712-026-09930-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-026-09930-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimation of permeability (<i>κ</i>) and gas saturation (<i>S</i>_g) is critical for identifying productive intervals in volcanic reservoirs, yet severe heterogeneity in rock matrix and fluid distribution poses significant challenges to reliable prediction. This study presents a physics-based seismic petrophysical inversion framework that integrates log-scale rock physics modeling with seismic-scale stochastic nonlinear inversion to quantitatively estimate <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g. A rock physics model is formulated with a parameter <i>α</i> that modulates the permeability-dependent effective fluid modulus (<i>K</i>_f), providing a physically interpretable mechanism that allows<i> K</i>_f to vary continuously between relaxed and unrelaxed fluid mixing regimes. The parameter <i>α</i> is estimated from well logs using a model-based approach, and its strong correlation with <i>κ</i> demonstrates its utility as a permeability proxy. Two seismic indicators, <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i>, are derived from rock physics relationships linking <i>α</i> and fluid properties to <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g measurements. The calibrated rock physics regressions provide quantitative estimates of <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g from<i> I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i>. A PP-wave reflectivity formulation parameterized by <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i> is derived, benchmarked against conventional expressions, and incorporated into the stochastic nonlinear inversion scheme to retrieve <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i> from seismic data. Synthetic tests confirm the robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach. For field data applications, stratigraphic complexity is addressed through seismic waveform-constrained prior construction, enabling reliable inversion of <i>I</i>_<i>α</i> and <i>I</i>_<i>G</i>, which are then converted into <i>κ</i> and <i>S</i>_g via calibrated regressions. This framework provides a physics-based strategy for quantitative characterization of permeability and gas saturation in complex volcanic formations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"109 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in 2D Frequency-Domain Marine Controlled-Source EM Inversion Using Adjoint Approximate Sensitivities","authors":"Gang Li,&nbsp;Yutao Liu,&nbsp;Octavio Castillo-Reyes","doi":"10.1007/s10712-025-09925-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10712-025-09925-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) inversion is a widely used technique for imaging subsurface structures beneath the seafloor and exploring hydrocarbon or mineral resources. Although essential for data interpretation, the inversion process is computationally intensive, particularly due to the high memory demands and time consumption associated with sensitivity calculations, even in 2D cases. This paper presents recent advances in frequency-domain marine CSEM inversion algorithms, including a novel method for approximating sensitivities that significantly accelerates 2D inversion without relying on exact sensitivity matrices. A 2.5D frequency-domain CSEM forward modeling solver is employed as a testbed, where the secondary-field formulation is adopted to mitigate source singularities and enhance numerical accuracy. In the developed 2D inversion routine, the sensitivity matrix is computed via the adjoint-state method, integrating the inner product of the adjoint and forward electric fields over each cell during each iteration. The inversion is performed using the Gauss–Newton optimization scheme. To improve computational efficiency, adjoint fields are evaluated over a simplified layered model rather than the full multidimensional true model. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed sensitivity approximation achieves nearly identical inversion performance to that of the exact sensitivities. Results from both synthetic and experimental datasets confirm that the approximate sensitivities are sufficiently accurate to ensure convergence toward geologically meaningful solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49458,"journal":{"name":"Surveys in Geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":"85 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}