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Steady state analysis for Kalman filters with Poisson-sampled observations 泊松采样卡尔曼滤波器的稳态分析
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106209
Anubhab Dasgupta , Aneel Tanwani
{"title":"Steady state analysis for Kalman filters with Poisson-sampled observations","authors":"Anubhab Dasgupta ,&nbsp;Aneel Tanwani","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study optimal filtering for continuous-time linear stochastic systems with Poisson-sampled observation processes. For each realization of the sampled observation process, the posterior distribution is a Gaussian process whose mean and covariance are described by continuous-discrete process. We are particularly interested in analyzing the expectation of the first and second moment of the estimation error with respect to the sampling process. Using the system-theoretic properties like observability and controllability, our results provide tractable conditions on the mean sampling rate for convergence of the expected error covariance, its boundedness and convergence of expected estimation error to zero. Some comparisons are also drawn with the solution of Riccati differential equation associated with the continuous-observation process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fixed-time event-triggered and periodic event-triggered containment control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems under DoS attacks DoS攻击下异构多代理系统的固定时间事件触发和周期性事件触发遏制控制
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106208
Ji Han , He Jiang , Yan Zhao , Jiaqi Shi
{"title":"Fixed-time event-triggered and periodic event-triggered containment control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems under DoS attacks","authors":"Ji Han ,&nbsp;He Jiang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the fixed-time containment control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems (HMASs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A continuous control scheme is provided to enable HMASs to solve fixed-time containment control problems with unknown DoS attacks and arbitrary initial conditions. To reduce the frequency of controller updates, a novel control strategy based on event-triggered conditions has been designed, which can settle the fixed-time containment control issue without requiring continuous controller updates. In the scenario where the initial states of the systems are bound, an improved event-triggered control scheme with periodic event-triggered conditions is designed, which can avoid continuous controller updates and does not need continuous system messages. Compared with many existing results, all the designed control schemes can settle fixed-time containment issues even when the DoS attacks and initial conditions are unknown. Moreover, the given event-based control schemes can avoid Zeno-behavior. Numerical examples are provided to support the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fully distributed constrained optimization algorithm over unbalanced network and its application to smart grids 不平衡网络的全分布约束优化算法及其在智能电网中的应用
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106211
Xiasheng Shi , Lei Xu
{"title":"Fully distributed constrained optimization algorithm over unbalanced network and its application to smart grids","authors":"Xiasheng Shi ,&nbsp;Lei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practical engineering, due to the limited bandwidth and other physical constraints, directed network communication topology among agents is more common. This paper studies the distributed constrained optimization problem over the weight-unbalanced directed network, considering local inequality and coupled equality constraints. First, a distributed consensus scheme with a time-based generator is provided to estimate the left eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix. Building on this estimator, an adaptive proportional–integral-based gradient flow scheme is designed to solve the coupled constraint, introducing a time-varying control parameter to remove the requirement of the Laplacian matrix’s eigenvalues. Subsequently, a fully distributed primal–dual optimization method is proposed based on KKT conditions for the constrained optimization problem with a nonsmooth objective function. The optimality and convergence analysis are conducted through Lyapunov theory under the strongly connected and weight-unbalanced directed network. Finally, the established method is applied to the economic dispatch problem in smart grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Event-triggered control for uncertain singular switched positive systems with actuator saturation under persistent dwell-time constraint 持续驻留时间约束下具有执行器饱和的不确定奇异开关正系统的事件触发控制
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106215
Ang Gao, Jinling Wang, Cheng-Tang Zhang, Yangang Yao, Qiang Li
{"title":"Event-triggered control for uncertain singular switched positive systems with actuator saturation under persistent dwell-time constraint","authors":"Ang Gao,&nbsp;Jinling Wang,&nbsp;Cheng-Tang Zhang,&nbsp;Yangang Yao,&nbsp;Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the event-triggered (E-T) control problem for a class of singular switched positive systems with actuator saturation and parameter uncertainties, subject to persistent dwell-time (PDT) constraints. Generally, the introduction of an E-T mechanism can enhance resource utilization and prevent data congestion. Subsequently, both state feedback control strategies and observer-based control schemes are applied. Sufficient conditions, derived through linear programming (LP), are presented to ensure the positivity, causality, regularity, and exponential stability of the corresponding closed-loop systems. Furthermore, the controller gain matrices and the auxiliary gain matrices are constructed by employing matrix decomposition techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is validated through an illustrative example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite dimensional observer design for a class of ODE-PDE systems with delayed coupling 一类时滞耦合ODE-PDE系统的有限维观测器设计
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106213
Tarek Ahmed-Ali , Filippo Cacace
{"title":"Finite dimensional observer design for a class of ODE-PDE systems with delayed coupling","authors":"Tarek Ahmed-Ali ,&nbsp;Filippo Cacace","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the state estimation problem for a ODE-PDE delayed cascaded coupling. The delayed output of a nonlinear system in triangular form is the boundary condition of a 1-D diffusion PDE at one side and the available measurement is taken at the opposite side. We propose a finite-dimensional observer and prove that under reasonable hypotheses the error can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the size of the observer even when the diffusion PDE is not stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A gradient descent-ascent method for continuous-time risk-averse optimal control 连续时间风险规避最优控制的梯度下降-上升方法
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106186
Gabriel Velho, Jean Auriol, Riccardo Bonalli
{"title":"A gradient descent-ascent method for continuous-time risk-averse optimal control","authors":"Gabriel Velho,&nbsp;Jean Auriol,&nbsp;Riccardo Bonalli","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we consider continuous-time stochastic optimal control problems where the cost is evaluated through a coherent risk measure. We provide an explicit gradient descent-ascent algorithm that applies to problems subject to non-linear stochastic differential equations. More specifically, we leverage duality properties of coherent risk measures to relax the problem via a smooth min–max reformulation which induces artificial strong concavity in the max subproblem. We then formulate necessary optimality conditions for this relaxed problem, which we leverage to prove convergence of the gradient descent-ascent algorithm to candidate solutions of the original problem. Finally, we showcase the efficiency of our algorithm through numerical simulations involving trajectory tracking problems and highlight the benefit of favoring risk measures over classical expectations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability and stabilization of discrete-time linear time-varying systems via Lyapunov difference equations and inequalities 离散线性时变系统的Lyapunov差分方程与不等式的稳定性与稳定化
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106203
Jiacheng Dong, Bin Zhou
{"title":"Stability and stabilization of discrete-time linear time-varying systems via Lyapunov difference equations and inequalities","authors":"Jiacheng Dong,&nbsp;Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the stability and stabilization issues of discrete-time linear time-varying (DLTV) systems are investigated. The recently proposed concepts of stability for continuous linear time-varying (LTV) systems are extended to DLTV systems, including uniform upper boundedness (by an exponential function) and uniform lower boundedness (by an exponential function). For the newly proposed concepts of stability, techniques for testing stability are developed. First, utilizing the scalar stable function, the Lyapunov difference inequalities (LDIs) provide both sufficient and necessary conditions for the new concepts of stability. Second, sufficient and necessary criteria based on Lyapunov difference equations are presented. Third, by introducing uniform complete controllability and uniform complete reconstructibility, the Lyapunov equations whose matrix Q is degenerated are further examined. Finally, a method for designing state feedback controller is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A smooth Conley–Lyapunov function for hybrid inclusions on Rn Rn上杂化夹杂的光滑Conley-Lyapunov函数
IF 2.5 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106204
Rafal K. Goebel , Andrew R. Teel
{"title":"A smooth Conley–Lyapunov function for hybrid inclusions on Rn","authors":"Rafal K. Goebel ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Teel","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the setting of a hybrid inclusion, smooth Conley–Lyapunov functions are constructed on a compact invariant set and on the basin of attraction of an attractor. The strict decrease of these functions outside of the chain-recurrent parts of the invariant set or the attractor is characterized by Lyapunov inequalities. An application to an Euler-like approximation of a hybrid inclusion is given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CIL: Cyber security index level of cyber-physical systems: A robust stochastic game approach using MITRE ATT&CK framework 网络物理系统的网络安全指数水平:使用MITRE攻击和ck框架的稳健随机博弈方法
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106207
Zahra Azimi, Ahmad Afshar
{"title":"CIL: Cyber security index level of cyber-physical systems: A robust stochastic game approach using MITRE ATT&CK framework","authors":"Zahra Azimi,&nbsp;Ahmad Afshar","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the challenge of cyber security assessment in interdependent cyber-physical systems (CPS) under model uncertainty and partial observability by developing a Hybrid Zero-Sum Multi-Stage Robust Stochastic-Bayesian (HZMRS) game model. In the cyber layer, HZMRS models attack infiltration dynamics by incorporating tactics and techniques from the ICS MITRE ATT&amp;CK framework, thereby systematically enhancing the modeling of adversarial progression. For the power network as the physical layer, HZMRS employs the Transient Energy Function (TEF) approach, instead of linear approximations and small-signal stability criteria, to effectively capture the severe transient disturbances triggered by DoS attacks. To solve the HZMRS game, we propose a Robust Accelerated Value Iteration (RAVI) algorithm that ensures robust performance against worst-case transition probabilities and employs prioritized sweeping to accelerate convergence. We also provide a proof of convergence for this algorithm. Unlike classic algorithms, RAVI is designed to handle model uncertainties arising from zero-day vulnerabilities and incomplete information about attacker capabilities. Based on the outcome of the HZMRS, we introduce a novel metric called <em>Cyber Security Index Level</em> (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>L</mi></mrow></math></span>), which quantifies the probability of successful physical layer intrusion after breaching the cyber layer. The proposed model is validated through simulations conducted on the IEEE 9-bus power network, considering an attack scenario adapted from the BlackEnergy v3 malware. Comparative results show that RAVI achieves successful convergence under uncertainty, and the derived security metrics offer improved reliability and practical relevance for real-world CPS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PDE-based deployment of multi-agent systems with enhanced leader communication and Wentzell boundary control 基于pde的多智能体系统部署,增强了领导者通信和Wentzell边界控制
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106201
Shubham Khansili, Anton Selivanov
{"title":"PDE-based deployment of multi-agent systems with enhanced leader communication and Wentzell boundary control","authors":"Shubham Khansili,&nbsp;Anton Selivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a deployment strategy for a multi-agent system (MAS) with a chain topology, where leader agents communicate and direct the system using controllers designed from a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) model. Both the leader and follower agents implement a consensus protocol, resulting in a system that can be modeled by a semilinear parabolic PDE. Based on this model, we design global controllers that utilize the information available to the leader agents, who can assess their deviation from the target position. By enhancing communication between the leaders, we achieve more accurate state estimation, which improves the performance of the global controllers. Additionally, we introduce a Wentzell-type boundary control, enabling the boundary agents to balance swarm cohesion with the deployment objective. We establish sufficient conditions for successful deployment, expressed as Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Numerical simulations show that the proposed global controllers outperform those used by non-communicating leaders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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