Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106292
Qiyao Wang , Jitao Sun
{"title":"Global asymptotic local exponential stability of time-delay hybrid systems with logical dynamics","authors":"Qiyao Wang , Jitao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concerned with the problem of global asymptotic local exponential stability (GALES) for a new class of time-delay hybrid systems with logical dynamics. Firstly, we establish the mathematical expression of the so-called systems. This class of hybrid systems consists of continuous and logical parts, in which the change of continuous variable is impacted by its past and present states and the logical events. Next, via the semi-tensor product (STP, i.e., Cheng product) of matrices, the algebraic form of the time-delay hybrid is given. Furthermore, the concept of GALES for the time-delay hybrid system is proposed. After that, based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach, a sufficient condition is derived for testing GALES. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106296
Ziqi Liu, Chao Zhai
{"title":"Connectivity-aware coverage control with time-varying projection in non-convex environments","authors":"Ziqi Liu, Chao Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The communication connectivity of multi-agent system plays a pivotal role in enhancing coverage efficiency in complex environments. The loss of communication connectivity during the coverage process often leads to the failure of cooperative algorithm, which poses a significant challenge for coverage control. To address this issue, this paper proposes a connectivity-aware coverage control algorithm by integrating time-varying constraint sets with projection operations, which ensures persistent connectivity under dynamic conditions. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a control strategy is developed to ensure the finite-time convergence of multi-agent system to the centroids of their respective subregions. Furthermore, an upper bound on the distance between the centroid and its optimal point is estimated, and the communication connectivity among adjacent agents is rigorously taken into account with the assistance of geometric relationships. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed coverage control approach. This work provides a practical framework for the real-world applications of coverage control algorithms in the fields such as geohazards monitoring based on unmanned aerial vehicles and wireless sensor networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106308
Luka Grubišic , Martin Lazar
{"title":"Pollution free eigenvalue bounds for the Gramian operator","authors":"Luka Grubišic , Martin Lazar","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we study eigenvalue estimates for solutions of the Lyapunov equation with a non-compact control operator. We compute eigenvalue estimates from Galerkin discretizations of Lyapunov equations and discuss the appearance of a spurious branch in the discrete spectrum. In this work we focus on providing estimates for the eigenvalues of the Gramian based on the monotonicity of the spectrum (with respect to the Löwner order) so that constants in the estimate do not depend on the dimension of the approximating matrices. We provide criteria for determining the part of the spectrum of the finite-dimensional Gramian which is localized by the same bounds as the spectrum of the full Gramian (pollution free part of the spectrum). Our main tools, which are of independent interest in their own right, are new improved asymptotic estimates for the eigenvalue decay in the case of control operators of large or infinite rank (dimension of the image space). We test our results numerically on an academic prototype problem using spectral element discretizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106337
Hongru Wang, Jinzhi Wang
{"title":"Distributed model predictive consensus control for linear multiagent system with coupled state constraints","authors":"Hongru Wang, Jinzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the consensus control problem for general constrained linear multiagent systems (MAS) with inter-agent communication distance limitations. A novel distributed model predictive control (DMPC) algorithm is proposed that guarantees consensus while ensuring that neighboring agents remain in a predefined range, which is formulated as coupled state constraints in the control problem. Within a leader–follower framework, the cost function of the DMPC optimization problem is carefully designed to include the tracking error with respect to the leader, the consensus error among followers, and the control input effort. By using the optimal trajectories from the previous time step as pseudo-references and introducing individual constraints, the originally coupled state constraint is transformed into decoupled local constraints for each agent, enabling a fully distributed solution. Theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability establishes consensus convergence and the connectivity preservation between agents is proved. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106326
Haoyu Yin, Xudong Chen, Bruno Sinopoli
{"title":"On zero-sum game representation for replicator dynamics","authors":"Haoyu Yin, Xudong Chen, Bruno Sinopoli","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Replicator dynamics have been widely used in evolutionary game theory to model how strategy frequencies evolve over time in large populations. The so-called payoff matrix encodes the pairwise fitness that each strategy obtains when interacting with every other strategy, and it solely determines the replicator dynamics. If the payoff matrix is unknown, we show in this paper that it cannot be inferred from observed strategy frequencies alone — distinct payoff matrices can induce the same replicator dynamics. We thus look for a canonical representative of the payoff matrix in the equivalence class. The main result of the paper is to show that for every polynomial replicator dynamics (i.e., the vector field is a polynomial), there always exists a skew-symmetric, polynomial payoff matrix that can induce the given dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106327
Chengzhen Yu , Kairui Chen , C.L. Philip Chen , Zhi Liu , Jianhui Wang
{"title":"Adaptive boundary prescribed-performance MPC for 3-D UAV formation with obstacle/collision avoidance","authors":"Chengzhen Yu , Kairui Chen , C.L. Philip Chen , Zhi Liu , Jianhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This brief aims to address the contradiction between prescribed performance constraint and the obstacle/collision avoidance for the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles. Firstly, a prescribed-time performance function with adaptive slack variable is proposed to improve the prescribed performance strategy, prioritizing safety while detecting obstacles or neighbor unmanned aerial vehicles. Based on the proposed performance function, a homeomorphic transformation is applied to restrict the formation error within a certain range, mitigating undesired overshoot. By introducing avoidance function into the cost function, a model predictive control framework based formation algorithm is designed for unmanned aerial vehicles to avoid obstacle/collision in 3-D scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106333
Xiaoling Liang , Dan Bao , Shuzhi Sam Ge
{"title":"Practical adaptive control of state constrained system via zone barrier Lyapunov function","authors":"Xiaoling Liang , Dan Bao , Shuzhi Sam Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper has investigated the stability proof, robustness design and applications on practical adaptive control for state constraints. Even though adaptive control and backstepping have been around for a while and are generally regarded as stable at this point, there is still a lot of work being done to improve them and apply them to new scenarios. The theoretical challenge of this topic lies in identifying methods to mitigate the effects of area adaptation dynamics, while the practical significance of this issue arises from the fact that constraints are ubiquitous in physical and technical systems. Motivated by the idea of zone barrier Lyapunov function, the control of strict feedback systems is studied along with full and partial states constraints scenarios wherein parametric uncertainties. In contrast to traditional Lyapunov functions, which are well-defined over the whole domain and radially unbounded for global stability, adaptive zone barrier Lyapunov function (zBLF) not only has the unique property of finite escape if the values of their arguments approach certain bounds, but also offers more freedom space for the states. For the presence of uncertainty in the nonlinear system, under specific feasibility criteria, a practical area is obtained regarding the scenario involving full-state constraints. The zone stability and robustness design guarantee non-violation of constraints via rigorous theory proof. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that feasibility conditions for partial state constraints with linearly parameterized system nonlinearities exist and similar results of practical stability can be achieved with state satisfactions. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical findings obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106324
Wouter Jongeneel
{"title":"Asymptotic stability equals exponential stability—while you twist your eyes","authors":"Wouter Jongeneel","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suppose that two vector fields on a smooth manifold render some equilibrium point globally asymptotically stable (GAS). We show that there exists a homotopy between the corresponding semiflows such that this point remains GAS along this homotopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106336
Meng-Yuan Lou, Hua-Cheng Zhou
{"title":"Finite-time stabilization for a chaos wave equation with disturbance","authors":"Meng-Yuan Lou, Hua-Cheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we investigate the output feedback finite-time stabilization for a chaotic wave equation with a superlinear boundary condition and with boundary total disturbance. Using two boundary measurements as output signals, a disturbance estimator is designed to estimate the boundary total disturbance, ensuring finite-time convergence of the estimation error. Based on the estimated disturbance, an observer is proposed such that its state converges to the state of the original system in finite-time. Finally, via the active disturbance rejection control strategy, we derive an observer-based output feedback control law that stabilizes the system and compensates the total disturbance. The resulting closed-loop system is proven to be finite-time stable, while the disturbance estimator is bounded, which essentially improves the results of Feng (2016) and Xiang (2024). Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106281
He Hao , Daniel Silvestre , Carlos Silvestre
{"title":"Smooth surveillance using quadrotors for tasks with nonconvex utility functions","authors":"He Hao , Daniel Silvestre , Carlos Silvestre","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we target the problem of having a quadrotor navigate in an area for surveillance where the relative importance is an unknown nonconvex function with multiple local optima. Typical techniques often split the task into a planning phase for the trajectory and a control part to track that reference following the calculated waypoints. A problem arising from any planning strategy is that it requires knowledge of the nonconvex utility function which is not assumed in this setup. We propose a technique where a hybrid system designs the trajectory that is passed as the reference of a backstepping nonlinear controller or a differential flatness-based control law. For handling multiple optima, the system integrates a three-state automaton that supports ascent phases, spiral coverage, and random restarts to prevent revisits and facilitate comprehensive exploration. Numerical simulations show that our approach matches Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies if the function was assumed to be known, yet requiring much less computation and enabling real-time full inspection of large maps without prior utility knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}