Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106366
Siying Chen , Xisheng Zhan , Jie Wu , Huaicheng Yan
{"title":"Adaptive dynamic event-triggered formation tracking for nonlinear multiagent systems under FDI attacks","authors":"Siying Chen , Xisheng Zhan , Jie Wu , Huaicheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the time-varying formation (TVF) control problem for nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) under false data injection (FDI) attacks. To address the challenges of unknown nonlinearities, unmeasurable states, and malicious attacks, a distributed adaptive formation control strategy is proposed. Specifically, neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate unknown nonlinear dynamics, while observers combined with adaptive compensators are designed to estimate unmeasurable states and mitigate FDI attacks simultaneously. Furthermore, a dynamic event-triggered (DET) mechanism is introduced to reduce communication burden and minimize attack surfaces. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov theory, and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106384
Huu-Thinh Do, Ilya Kolmanovsky
{"title":"Low-complexity nonlinear constrained control with Explicit Reference Governors and sub-control Lyapunov functions","authors":"Huu-Thinh Do, Ilya Kolmanovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerically synthesized control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) have attracted considerable attention due to their general applicability and the potential to reduce the online computational cost. A key limitation, however, is that these stability certificates are typically tailored to a specific setpoint, and thus do not readily account for transient behaviors or state constraints. In this work, we combine a class of numerically constructed CLFs, referred to as sub-CLFs, with the Explicit Reference Governor (ERG) to develop a computationally efficient control strategy that can enforce safety constraints while tracking reference commands. The approach is illustrated through numerical tests on lane-keeping for car-like dynamics and obstacle-avoidance navigation for an aerial vehicle model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106379
Ramen Ghosh
{"title":"Spectral collapse and ergodicity recovery in stochastic networked systems with adversarial feedback","authors":"Ramen Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study nonlinear stochastic dynamics on Erdős–Rényi networks with a <em>single</em> node that injects persistent antagonistic feedback. Nodes evolve via an explicitly stateful, Lipschitz–saturating update under i.i.d. noise. We establish three destabilization effects and a recovery mechanism: (i) the antagonist exhibits variance blow-up and loss of empirical centrality while non-antagonists remain uniformly bounded; (ii) beyond a critical negativity level the system loses a unique invariant law (<em>ergodicity breaking</em>); (iii) with disagreement-triggered, budget-limited rewiring the network almost surely isolates the antagonist. On the control side, we recast the dynamics as structured feedback and show that sparse diagonal gains on a cooperative subset restore Wasserstein-contractivity and re-establish a unique invariant measure, while the controllability Gramian undergoes <em>exponential spectral collapse</em> as antagonism increases, quantifying reachability loss. The rewiring rule admits a decentralized model-predictive interpretation that myopically reduces disagreement subject to resource constraints. Collectively, the results provide implementable prescriptions for adversarial containment, resilient stabilization, and adaptive topology control in decentralized stochastic networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106378
Zhiyong Li, Yanzhi Wu
{"title":"Predefined-time distributed average tracking for multiagent systems with actuator faults","authors":"Zhiyong Li, Yanzhi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the predefined-time distributed average tracking (DAT) problem for multiagent systems with actuator faults, where each agent is affected by a biased fault and a partial loss of effectiveness fault. To address the challenge of preserving the sum-of-consensus-variables invariance under actuator failures, a novel fault-tolerant DAT approach is proposed via output feedback and sliding mode control. Specifically, output feedback ensures the preservation of the sum-of-consensus-variables invariance under partial loss of effectiveness faults, while sliding mode control counteracts the impact of biased faults. Meanwhile, the proposed DAT can be achieved within a predefined time, where the upper bound of the settling time is explicitly determined by a user-adjustable controller parameter, thereby providing a more straightforward way to adjust the settling time compared to existing finite/fixed-time DAT approaches. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed predefined-time and fault-tolerant DAT approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106363
Hugo Lhachemi , Christophe Prieur , Emmanuel Trélat
{"title":"Boundary output feedback stabilization of a cascade of N heat equations","authors":"Hugo Lhachemi , Christophe Prieur , Emmanuel Trélat","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper solves the problem of output feedback stabilization for a cascade of <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> heat equations that are coupled at the boundary, the input being a scalar boundary control applied to the first heat equation of the cascade, and the scalar output being either a distributed or a pointwise in-domain measurement done on the last equation of the cascade. Two different configurations are studied in details. The first one consists of a cascade of <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> heat equations with totally disconnected spectra. The second one consists of a cascade of <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> identical heat equations, inducing eigenvalues of multiplicity <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>. In both cases, the problem is solved thanks to a spectral analysis and a study of the modal controllability and observability properties. The key point is that the generalized eigenvectors form a Riesz basis of the state space. The stabilization property is established in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> norms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed optimal coordination for Euler–Lagrange systems with input dead-zone","authors":"Guangru Shao, Yihan Wang, Dianfeng Zhang, Zhaojing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a distributed optimal coordination problem in which the agents exhibit Euler–Lagrange (EL) dynamics with input dead-zone nonlinearities. For the purpose of resolving this problem, this paper proposes a new distributed control algorithm that integrates a dynamic dead-zone compensator. As a fast subsystem, the compensating dynamics can be used to compensate for input dead-zone effects. The other subsystem, functioning as a slow optimization module, guarantees EL agents to coordinately achieve the global optimal solution. Due to the two-time-scale model of the proposed strategy, the generalized singular perturbation method is leveraged to achieve semi-global practical asymptotic stability of this algorithm. To validate these theoretical findings, an example of source localization is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106377
Yicheng Liu, Quanxin Zhu
{"title":"Stabilization in distribution by discrete-time feedback control of highly nonlinear stochastic delay differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion","authors":"Yicheng Liu, Quanxin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the problem of stabilization in distribution for a class of nonlinear stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs) driven by G-Brownian motion. A novel control scheme is proposed where a discrete-time state-feedback controller is applied at discrete sampling instants, as opposed to traditional continuous control, to reduce observation frequency and implementation cost. By constructing an appropriate G-Lyapunov functional, we derive conditions that guarantee the existence of a unique global solution and asymptotic stability in distribution for the closed-loop system. The model accounts for time-varying delays and nonlinear (polynomial) growth in the coefficients, broadening the scope of existing literature. To our knowledge, this is the first stabilization in distribution result for G-SDDEs via discrete-time control. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for developing low-cost control strategies under uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106382
Xilun Li , Zhan Li , Xuebo Yang , Xinghu Yu , Jianbin Qiu
{"title":"Strategies and equilibrium for two-evader single-pursuer chase games under incomplete information structure","authors":"Xilun Li , Zhan Li , Xuebo Yang , Xinghu Yu , Jianbin Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates a zero-sum chase differential game involving two cooperating evaders and a pursuer under incomplete information. The evaders aim to reach a target area, whereas the pursuer attempts to capture them beforehand. Cooperation through cover or deception may occur in realistic scenarios, such as UAV confrontation and coordinated decoy–target defense, leading to multiple possible types of evaders and fundamentally increasing the complexity of the problem. Solving the perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium (PBNE) of the chase game under incomplete information is a challenging problem, and this constitutes the focus of our research. To this end, the chase game is investigated in two steps. First, the chase game without capture order restriction is formulated as a Stackelberg game. A non-inferior open-loop escape strategy is constructed for the evasion team, and an optimal capture strategy is derived for the pursuer. The solution ensures the maximum achievable minimum payoff for the evaders, regardless of the pursuer’s capture order. Second, the game with two types of evaders, including task-oriented evaders and aiding evaders, is formulated as a signaling game where the type information is private. By representing a potentially infinite set of strategies with only three signals, the model becomes tractable and allows a full characterization of the PBNE. Simulation results illustrate both the Stackelberg strategies and the PBNE outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106362
Xin Chen
{"title":"Optimal control of uncertain singular systems based on the α-pessimistic value","authors":"Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncertainty theory provides a powerful framework for addressing optimal control problems under indeterminate conditions. In this paper, we focus on the theoretical analysis of optimal control for uncertain singular systems using the <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-pessimistic value criterion within the uncertainty theory framework. We propose a novel optimal control problem and introduce a theoretical method for deriving the optimal solution. To solve this problem effectively, we establish the equivalence between the optimal control problem of uncertain singular systems and that of standard uncertain systems through algebraic transformation methods. We then derive a recurrence equation based on the properties of the <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-pessimistic value and dynamic programming principle. Under the <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-pessimistic criterion, we consider two classes of uncertain singular optimal control problems. For each class, explicit analytical solutions for the optimal controls and their corresponding values are acquired through the recurrence equation. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems & Control LettersPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106343
Xiaolong Wang , Kejia Xu , Xiaoli Wang
{"title":"Balanced truncation for discrete time-delay systems with inhomogeneous initial conditions","authors":"Xiaolong Wang , Kejia Xu , Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2026.106343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate balanced truncation for model order reduction of discrete time-delay systems with inhomogeneous initial conditions. The superposition principle is exploited to achieve a decomposition of the original systems, but each subsystem cannot be simplified directly via the standard balanced truncation approach. To this end, we first introduce a couple of auxiliary subsystems based on the particular structure of transfer functions, and Lyapunov matrices are defined properly for each auxiliary subsystem to facilitate the execution of balanced truncation. Two methodologies are proposed for our purpose. The first one reduces each subsystem independently by using a suitable balanced truncation procedure, and the full-order output is approximated by superposition. The second methodology is designed to conduct a balanced truncated procedure directly based on the summation of the individual Lyapunov matrices of each subsystem, leading to structure-preserving reduced models. In addition, we provide a low-rank approximation to Lyapunov matrices based on the discrete Laguerre polynomials, which enables an efficient execution of our approach. Numerical examples confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}