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Stackelberg–Nash solution to the mean-field stochastic difference game with two followers
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106026
Shuaichen Geng , Yaning Lin , Weihai Zhang
{"title":"Stackelberg–Nash solution to the mean-field stochastic difference game with two followers","authors":"Shuaichen Geng ,&nbsp;Yaning Lin ,&nbsp;Weihai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the Stackelberg–Nash strategy for the discrete-time mean-field stochastic systems with two followers. First, utilizing two pairs of generalized difference Riccati equations, a non-zero sum mean-field stochastic difference game is solved for two followers and the Nash equilibrium solution is obtained. Then, the leader settles the optimization problem of a mean-field forward-backward stochastic difference equation. Necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability is put forward. Moreover, feedback representation of Stackelberg–Nash strategy is obtained by introducing new state and costate variables. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resilient abstraction-based hierarchical control of linear systems
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106028
Elnaz Firouzmand, H.A. Talebi, Iman Sharifi
{"title":"Resilient abstraction-based hierarchical control of linear systems","authors":"Elnaz Firouzmand,&nbsp;H.A. Talebi,&nbsp;Iman Sharifi","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a resilient hierarchical control structure for cyber–physical systems (CPSs) using an extended resilient approximate simulation function. Data transmission through wireless communication channels in CPSs is vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Furthermore, these systems may be modeled using linear dynamics with high-state dimensions. Hence, the control synthesis problem for concrete systems is computationally challenging. The extended resilient approximate simulation function introduced in this paper enables the use of an abstract system for computationally efficient controller design. This function is mathematically defined as the sum of the resilient approximate simulation function between the abstract model and the unknown input observer (UIO), and the simple approximate simulation function between the UIO and the concrete system. Accordingly, the controller can first be designed for the abstract system and then refined for the concrete system by introducing an appropriate interface controller. This controller constitutes an observer-based robust control law based on <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> to guarantee the desired performance despite external disturbances and includes an adaptive compensator to mitigate the effect of attacks on the simulation relation. The applicability of the presented approach is demonstrated through two case studies: load frequency control in a power system and frequency regulation in an isolated area of the New England 39-Bus Test System.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 106028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive leaderless consensus of MIMO multi-agent systems with unknown dynamics and nonlinear dynamic uncertainties 具有未知动态和非线性动态不确定性的 MIMO 多代理系统的自适应无领导共识
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105983
Yanhua Yang, Jie Mei, Guangfu Ma
{"title":"Adaptive leaderless consensus of MIMO multi-agent systems with unknown dynamics and nonlinear dynamic uncertainties","authors":"Yanhua Yang,&nbsp;Jie Mei,&nbsp;Guangfu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the bipartite consensus problem of a class of unknown uncertain multi-agent systems (MASs) under a signed graph is investigated via a filter-based model-free reinforcement learning (RL) based fully distributed control scheme. First, considering the completely unknown dynamics of the agents, a novel filter-based model-free RL algorithm is proposed to learn the stabilizable feedback gain matrix via the online input–output data. Then, fully distributed algorithm with adaptive control gains is designed such that all agents reach bipartite consensus in the presence of dynamic uncertainties. Finally, a numerical simulation is illustrated to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Model-free predictive iterative learning safety-critical consensus control for multi-agent systems with randomly varying trial lengths
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105987
Rui Xu, Hua Chen, Yao Tang, Xinyuan Long
{"title":"Model-free predictive iterative learning safety-critical consensus control for multi-agent systems with randomly varying trial lengths","authors":"Rui Xu,&nbsp;Hua Chen,&nbsp;Yao Tang,&nbsp;Xinyuan Long","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a model-free predictive iterative learning control (MFPILC) is proposed for a class of nonlinear and nonaffine single-input multiple-output (SIMO) discrete-time multi-agent systems with randomly varying trial lengths, input time-varying delay and nonrepetitive external disturbances to deal with the safety-critical consensus control problem. First, the agent dynamics are transformed into a novel dynamic linearization data model along the iteration axis containing the upper and lower bound of the unknown input time delay with an unknown system parameter pseudo gradient (PG). A steepest-descent estimation algorithm updated along the iterative learning axis is applied to deal with the unknown PG and the unknown non-repetitive external disturbances. Further, the predictive compensation mechanisms are proposed to address the problem of data loss caused by the varying trial lengths at each iteration of the MASs. Therefore, a predictive iterative learning consensus control method is designed for MASs based on consensus error and data compensation mechanisms. Moreover, a new model-free predictive iterative learning safety-critical consensus control combined with a discrete-time iterative learning control barrier function (ILCBF) is presented to ensure the output safety of nonlinear MASs. Finally, simulation results further verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive output feedback containment control for parabolic PDE multi-agent systems
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105994
Li Tang, Feixia Liu
{"title":"Adaptive output feedback containment control for parabolic PDE multi-agent systems","authors":"Li Tang,&nbsp;Feixia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the output feedback containment control problem of multi-agent systems (MASs) with multiple leaders described by partial differential equations (PDEs). In contrast to MASs modeled by ODEs, the PDEs system studied in this paper considers additional spatial variables, which leads to traditional ODEs control design methods inapplicable, then the design of observer based adaptive distributed protocols is more challenging. Considering that leaders may be task-driven, the control inputs of the leaders are non-zero and time-varying. Through the introduction of nonlinear terms in the containment controller to eliminate the influence of leader control inputs, the paper ultimately achieves bounded tracking errors and containment errors for agents under undirected graph topologies. Finally, the designed control scheme is validated through examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Practical considerations for implementing robust-to-early termination model predictive control
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106018
Mohsen Amiri, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
{"title":"Practical considerations for implementing robust-to-early termination model predictive control","authors":"Mohsen Amiri,&nbsp;Mehdi Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Model Predictive Control (MPC) is widely used to achieve performance objectives, while enforcing operational and safety constraints. Despite its high performance, MPC often demands significant computational resources, making it challenging to implement in systems with limited computing capacity. A recent approach to address this challenge is to use the Robust-to-Early Termination (REAP) strategy. At any time instant, REAP converts the MPC problem into the evolution of a virtual dynamical system whose trajectory converges to the optimal solution, and provides guaranteed sub-optimal and feasible solution whenever its evolution is terminated due to limited computational power. REAP has been introduced as a continuous-time scheme and its theoretical properties have been derived under the assumption that it performs all the computations in continuous time. However, REAP should be practically implemented in discrete-time. This paper focuses on the discrete-time implementation of REAP, exploring conditions under which anytime feasibility and convergence properties are maintained when the computations are performed in discrete time. The proposed methodology is validated and evaluated through extensive simulation and experimental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Myopic optimal strategies for a class of continuous-time deterministic and stochastic control problems
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106016
José E. Márquez-Prado , Onésimo Hernández-Lerma , Héctor Jasso-Fuentes
{"title":"Myopic optimal strategies for a class of continuous-time deterministic and stochastic control problems","authors":"José E. Márquez-Prado ,&nbsp;Onésimo Hernández-Lerma ,&nbsp;Héctor Jasso-Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We give conditions for a class of continuous-time deterministic and stochastic optimal control problems to have <em>myopic optimal strategies</em>, that is, optimal controls obtained by solving optimization problems independent of the state trajectory. We show how these sufficient conditions are the same for the deterministic and stochastic cases, which means that the <em>certainty equivalence principle</em> is satisfied. Moreover, for the infinite-horizon time-homogeneous case, myopic optimal strategies are obtained by solving a single optimization problem; hence, optimal controls are constant functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impulsive and impulse-free PD solutions of singular LQ control 奇异 LQ 控制的脉冲和无脉冲 PD 解
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106024
Jovan Stefanovski
{"title":"Impulsive and impulse-free PD solutions of singular LQ control","authors":"Jovan Stefanovski","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the singular linear–quadratic (LQ) control problem, considering cases with or without impulses in the state, and with or without stability. The optimal controller obtained includes a derivative of the state. The assumptions made are system stabilizability and the left-invertibility of the plant transfer matrix. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability and the impulse-freeness of the optimal state are provided. These conditions are related to the absence of invariant zeros on the imaginary axis, and at infinity with orders greater than one, as well as to strong<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> detectability. When these conditions are not met, the subspace ensuring that the optimal state is impulse-free, if the initial state belongs to that subspace, is determined. Additionally, a suboptimal yet practically realizable controller is presented, along with an explicit expression for the difference between the cost functional values corresponding to the suboptimal and optimal controllers. Illustrative examples are included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detectability of linear stochastic impulsive systems with state-dependent noises
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105989
Shixian Luo , Xin Chen , Feiqi Deng , Yan Jiang
{"title":"Detectability of linear stochastic impulsive systems with state-dependent noises","authors":"Shixian Luo ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Feiqi Deng ,&nbsp;Yan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the characterization of moment detectability and almost sure detectability for linear stochastic impulsive systems. The concepts and characterizations of the <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span>th moment detectability and almost sure detectability are first introduced. Two expanded systems, the state-expanded stochastic system and the moment equation, are established by utilizing the generalized <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span>-representation technique. A series of geometric and algebraic conditions for the <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span>th moment detectability of the linear stochastic impulsive systems are established by analyzing the 2nd moment detectability of the state-expanded system and the complete detectability of the moment equation. Subsequently, by introducing a strictly positive-definite quasi-periodic composite polynomial Lyapunov candidate, almost sure detectability criteria are framed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, showing that almost sure detectability is less conservative than moment detectability. Finally, two numerical examples with comparisons are provided to illustrate the proposed theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formal safety verification of non-deterministic systems based on probabilistic reachability computation
IF 2.1 3区 计算机科学
Systems & Control Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106014
Yuminghao Xiao, Tianbing Xia, Hongdong Wang
{"title":"Formal safety verification of non-deterministic systems based on probabilistic reachability computation","authors":"Yuminghao Xiao,&nbsp;Tianbing Xia,&nbsp;Hongdong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2024.106014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we develop a formal safety verification method based on analytic probabilistic reachability computation, which can estimate the probability of controlled non-deterministic systems entering unsafe states subject to disturbances. Specifically, we employ stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to describe the dynamics of the system and resort to a regularized indicator function to express the collision probability between the state trajectory of the system and unsafe states. We proceed to formulate this collision probability as the viscosity solution to a second-order variational-inequality and provide a rigorous proof for such a novel interpretation. Moreover, we discuss the ENO-Godunov scheme for solving the deduced variational-inequality, which obviates the need for Monte-Carlo simulations and the optimality condition along a complex boundary. The developed framework offers a structured approach to identify potential risks in safety critical systems and maintains a user-friendly implementation. Lastly, we demonstrate the above application in a safety verification problem related to maritime navigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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