Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The electrification of local public transport as a strategic wayfinding process: policy implementation, path dependence, and organizational practices in Italy","authors":"Angelo Gasparre ,&nbsp;Claudia Burlando ,&nbsp;Tiziano Pavanini","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the electrification of local public transportation in Italy as a complex and uneven organizational transformation, which is an underexplored dimension in existing research. Drawing on nearly four years of qualitative research, the study employs the theoretical lenses of strategic wayfinding and organizational path dependence to analyze how public transportation authorities (PTAs) navigate the transition to electric buses. The findings reveal that electrification is not a linear implementation of policy; rather it is an emergent process shaped by institutional mandates, technological uncertainties, and localized conditions. Rapid changes, driven by top-down regulations and funding logics, often constrain local agency and hamper strategic decision-making. At the same time, the widespread framing of electrification as the ‘one best way’ to greener transportation may restrict technological options and reinforce symbolic pressures. PTAs must respond to evolving battery technologies and infrastructure needs while adapting their strategies to diverse environmental, geographical, and organizational contexts. The study shows how path dependent trajectories both enable and inhibit change, depending on how past investments and practices are interpreted and mobilized. These findings furnish new insights into the organizational dynamics of sustainable mobility transitions, and they underscore the need for multifaceted policies that combine funding with flexible regulation to support rapid technological advances and cross-sector collaboration. Strengthening skills development, aligning strategies with local authorities, and fostering proactive stakeholder engagement are also essential for addressing the diverse challenges of electrification across urban and regional contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 104648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of freeway speed cameras: Evidence from a natural experiment in Dayton, Ohio","authors":"Fredrick Bedsworth ,&nbsp;Bryan Weber ,&nbsp;Kevin Willardsen","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nearly 42,000 people die annually in the United States in automobile crashes. Speed cameras are seen as an indispensable tool to prevent crashes and fatalities, while opponents merely see them as a means to generate revenue. Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of speed cameras in reducing automobile crashes is mixed primarily due to the endogeneity of the timing of camera activation and/or their placement. We circumvent these concerns by leveraging multiple plausibly exogenous state-level court cases and political infighting that turn freeway speed cameras off, on, and off again in Dayton, Ohio. We estimate the efficacy of cameras using a difference-in-differences estimator using untreated interstates and highways as controls. After a considerable number of tests across different samples, we find no significant evidence of a relationship between the use of freeway speed cameras and various measures of crashes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104649"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic relationships between working from home, commute distance, mode preference, and car use: A six-year longitudinal study","authors":"Senkai Xie,&nbsp;Feixiong Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to low-carbon mobility has emerged as a key objective of climate action. While much is known about the determinants of modal shifts between cars and other modes, little research was conducted on the dynamic relationships between working from home (WFH), commute distance, mode preference, and car use. Applying random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling, this study provides a six-year (2017–2022) longitudinal analysis in the Netherlands to investigate the bidirectional effects among these targeted variables while accounting for the effects of built environment attributes and life events. Results show that WFH was associated with a significant reduction in car use frequency and higher levels of WFH were related to longer commute distance during COVID-19, while a preference for cars was linked to sustained car use in general. We also found significant effects of urbanity, land use diversity, distance to public transit, and intersection density on car use, car preference, and WFH. In addition, life events, such as job changes, childbirth, and relocation, played a role in reshaping mobility and work behaviors. Therefore, the important roles of WFH, commute distances, mode preference, built environment, and life events provide great implications for transitioning to low-carbon mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity and efficiency trade-off in allocating airport and airspace capacity in a multiple airport system","authors":"Xitong Fan,&nbsp;Mengyin Wang,&nbsp;Yanjun Wang,&nbsp;Rong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of airport slot allocation is to distribute slots to airlines following specific procedures and regulations. With the rapid growth of air traffic and increasing congestion at major airports, optimizing slot allocation has become a critical issue to enhance operational efficiency and mitigate delays. While extensive research has been conducted on slot allocation at individual airports, less attention has been given to the complexities of slot allocation in a Multiple Airport System (MAS), where airlines must compete for both airport and airspace resources. In a single airport slot allocation, the only resource that airlines compete for is airport capacity; in an MAS, there are several resources that must be taken into account, such as airport capacity and fix (i.e., route point) capacity. In this article, a model is presented that considers the capacity of the airport and airspace, as well as the efficiency and fairness among airlines operating in the MAS. The goal of the model is to minimize total slot displacements of the MAS, while satisfying airport capacity and fix capacity constraints, operational constraints, and fairness constraints. To measure fairness, comprehensive fairness metrics for airlines are developed. The trade-off between efficiency and equity in an MAS slot allocation problem is investigated, with the Price of Fairness(POF) taken into account. The proposed model is tested using MAS slot request data from an MAS in China. The results demonstrate that the model can achieve a better Gini-based fairness by sacrificing a certain amount of slot displacements. These findings have significant implications for slot regulators in improving the efficiency of managing airport slot resources within an MAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective resilience-oriented optimisation for the global container shipping network against cascading failures","authors":"Yuhao Cao ,&nbsp;Xuri Xin ,&nbsp;Xinjian Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Zaili Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disruptive events at ports (e.g., epidemics, natural hazards and regional conflicts) continuously challenge the stability of cargo flows, leading to cascading failures that significantly undermine the resilience of global shipping networks. To address these challenges, this study proposes a new Multi-objective Stepwise Optimisation (MSO) framework that can aid decision-makers in maintaining resilience against cascading failures. Specifically, this study first formulates multiple objectives aimed at minimising adverse impacts on maritime stakeholders by reducing transit time, alleviating port overload, and preserving the network’s structural completeness. Then, to explore ideal load redistribution strategies mitigating the cascading effects, a Stepwise Cascading Mitigation (SCM) model is newly developed. In this model, all feasible target ports are identified, followed by an iterative algorithm applied to determine the equilibrium volumes of load redistributed to each target. An evolutionary procedure is then designed to ensure renewal of diverse solutions and reduce computational complexity. By simulating the entire cascading process, multi-dimensional reductions in shipping network resilience are eventually assessed. Taking the Global Container Shipping Network (GCSN) as a case study, comprehensive experiments, alongside targeted analyses of major international ports, are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the MSO framework over four benchmarking methods. Sensitivity analysis results further reveal that maintaining appropriate redundancy across the network, combined with the proposed optimal redistribution strategies, can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of cascading failures on system resilience. Therefore, this study provides stakeholders with adaptable emergency response protocols to alleviate excessive congestion at critical ports, ensuring the timely and reliable movement of goods, thereby proactively protecting the overall robustness and resilience of global supply chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104659"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercontinental air travel in the era of carbon pricing: demand and hub shifts","authors":"Xavier Fageda ,&nbsp;Katrin Oesingmann","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between carbon pricing and air travel demand in the intercontinental market. Using granular demand data for one-stop routes connecting airports in Europe with Asia and North America, we estimate regressions with multiple fixed effects to account for both time-invariant and time-varying factors that could confound the identification of policy effects. Our approach leverages variability in carbon prices in the European Union Emissions Trading System by comparing changes in routes subject to the policy (i.e., those involving European hubs) with routes unaffected by the policy (i.e., those involving non-European hubs). Our findings indicate that the carbon price variable is consistently negative and statistically significant across all regressions. A 100 % increase in the price of EU ETS allowances reduces passenger traffic through European hubs by 2–6 %. These results provide novel evidence of the policy’s effectiveness in the long-haul market, while also highlighting the phenomenon of hub carbon leakage. Additionally, we find that joint ventures between European and non-European airlines mitigate the policy’s impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the social and spatial effects of fare cuts on public transport with mobile geolocation data","authors":"Yuan Liao ,&nbsp;Carl Torbjörnsson ,&nbsp;Jorge Gil ,&nbsp;Rafael H.M. Pereira ,&nbsp;Sonia Yeh ,&nbsp;Niklas Gohl ,&nbsp;Philipp Schrauth ,&nbsp;Laura Alessandretti","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsidizing public transit fares is a common policy tool for promoting sustainable mobility and reducing car dependency. Nonetheless, few studies have been able to investigate the causal impact of large fare subsidies on travel behavior patterns. This study investigates the impacts of a nationwide fare reduction policy in Germany: the Deutschlandticket (DT), which priced regional and local transit at 49 euros per month, effective from May 2023 through December 2024. Using large-scale mobile geolocation data from over 11.1 million mobile phone devices, covering 11.7 billion geolocation records in March, April, and May for 2022 and 2023, we employed a time-shifted difference-in-difference model to assess changes in visitor volumes and distance of trips to various locations across Germany. Our results indicate that the D-Ticket increased visit numbers (+26.2%) and increased travel distances (+11.8%) in the first month. Moreover, we found that the impact varied spatially and socioeconomically: urban centers such as high-activity hubs experienced the highest increase in visits and travel distance. Areas visited by a higher share of the foreign population (residents w/o German citizenship) and people from low-rent areas benefited the most, seeing more substantial increases in trips and distances. These results contribute to understanding the effectiveness of transit policy interventions by offering large-scale, high-resolution, and previously unobserved evidence of how they influenced mobility in Germany. Our study provides valuable insights into the broader impacts of public transit pricing, informing equitable and effective fare subsidy policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and validity of threat image projection data as a measure of performance in X-ray baggage screening","authors":"D. Buser ,&nbsp;A. Schwaninger ,&nbsp;V. Rehor ,&nbsp;Y. Sterchi","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passenger baggage is screened using X-ray machines at airports worldwide to ensure transportation security. Many airports use a technology called threat image projection (TIP) to measure detection performance of airport security officers (screeners). TIP projects prerecorded X-ray images of prohibited items into X-ray images of passenger baggage being screened, and each time a TIP image is displayed (a <em>TIP event</em>), the TIP system records whether the screener detected the prohibited item. Because the prohibited items and the location of their placement in bags are randomly selected, the resulting TIP images vary substantially in difficulty and do not always look realistic. It is therefore not clear whether TIP data provides a good measure of screener performance, despite the technology’s long-standing and widespread use at airports. To address this research gap, we conducted a study to estimate TIP’s psychometric properties of reliability and validity by analysing a large set of TIP data from cabin baggage screening of a European airport (1,199,838 TIP events from 728 screeners over four years). We found the reliability of performance measurement to increase with the number of TIP events in accordance with the Spearman–Brown prediction. Approximately 100 TIP events were sufficient to achieve a minimum reliability value of 0.7 when TIP was challenging enough (mean hit rate below 0.9). TIP performance predicted the covert test results (wherein instructed people tried to smuggle real prohibited items through the checkpoint; 1,184 covert tests from 474 screeners), indicating that TIP is a valid measure of detection performance in X-ray baggage screening. The results imply that TIP data provides a reliable and valid performance measure if the TIP images are challenging enough and about 100 TIP events are considered per screener.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airport subsidy for air-HSR intermodal service in a multi-airport system: Direct amount vs. discount","authors":"Yingzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiushan Jiang ,&nbsp;Chuanzhong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating air transport and high-speed rail (HSR) to provide air-HSR intermodal services (AHIS) can coordinate transport resources, enhance airport connectivity, and improve the environment. This paper develops a game model to investigate the optimal rates and market outcomes of airport subsidy schemes for AHIS passengers within a multi-airport system (MAS), considering monopoly and duopoly structures in the airline market as well as typical MAS governance structures (private individual, private group, and public group operations). We analyze a direct amount subsidy with a fixed amount of money and a discount subsidy dependent on AHIS prices. Our analytical findings show that, compared with no subsidy, the direct amount subsidy increases the AHIS price, AHIS traffic and total traffic, and consistently enhances consumer surplus in monopoly markets and social welfare in duopoly markets. Its positive impacts on the secondary airport's profit and the airport system's total profit are conditional on private ownership and higher secondary airport charges. In duopoly markets, when a public airport group implements subsidies, the discount subsidy yields a higher AHIS price and operator profit but reduces the secondary airport's profit compared to the direct amount subsidy, with identical effects on other outcomes. Numerical simulations and a case study of the Chengdu-Nanchong-Shanghai market suggest that the direct amount subsidy has a robust advantage in traffic growth, while the welfare implications of subsidies require careful consideration of the subsidy implementer and market circumstances. These findings provide strategic guidance for designing context-specific airport subsidy schemes to promote the development of AHIS and effective management of MAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The implementation effectiveness of Transit Metropolis policy: A case study of information intervention experiments","authors":"Chunqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongbin Ma ,&nbsp;Xuanxuan Jin ,&nbsp;Dini Pan ,&nbsp;Martin Skitmore ,&nbsp;Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tra.2025.104644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the effectiveness of the Transit Metropolis policy in advancing sustainable urban transportation, this study examines how information interventions influence public travel attitude, policy responsiveness, and support. The research in pilot cities across China involved an information intervention experiment targeting urban residents to understand changes in their transportation choices and attitudes toward the policy. A Propensity Score Matching-Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) approach was employed to rigorously evaluate the policy’s impact. This combined methodology allows for a more accurate estimation of effects by reducing potential biases in the data, revealing important insights into the policy’s role in enhancing public transit preference and reducing private car reliance.</div><div>The PSM-DID approach, supported by robustness and heterogeneity analyses, provided reliable findings highlighting the intervention’s significant influence on urban residents’ attitude. Specifically, the results indicate a substantial increase in residents’ willingness to use public transportation and a noticeable decrease in private vehicle use. Moreover, residents’ responsiveness to policy goals and overall support for the Transit Metropolis policy have increased significantly following the intervention, suggesting that targeted information can effectively promote sustainable mobility choices.</div><div>These findings yield valuable recommendations for policy enhancement, highlighting the value of sustained public engagement and targeted interventions to boost public transit’s modal share. Additionally, they suggest the necessity of rational private car usage to reduce environmental impact further. By encouraging public support and influencing travel choices, the Transit Metropolis policy demonstrates significant potential to contribute to sustainable urban development and mobility in China’s rapidly urbanizing cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49421,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part A-Policy and Practice","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}