Ultraschall in Der Medizin最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB): EFSUMB Position Statement on Live Ultrasound Scanning (update 2026). 欧洲医学和生物学超声学会联合会(EFSUMB): EFSUMB关于实时超声扫描的立场声明(更新2026)。
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-05-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2818-8609
Christian Kollmann, Klaus-Vitold Jenderka, Carmel M Moran, J F Jimenez Diaz, Panos Ansaklis, Camilla Aakjær Andersen, Christian Jenssen, Caroline Ewertsen
{"title":"The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB): EFSUMB Position Statement on Live Ultrasound Scanning (update 2026).","authors":"Christian Kollmann, Klaus-Vitold Jenderka, Carmel M Moran, J F Jimenez Diaz, Panos Ansaklis, Camilla Aakjær Andersen, Christian Jenssen, Caroline Ewertsen","doi":"10.1055/a-2818-8609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2818-8609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This document was initiated by the Safety Committee (ECMUS) of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) and prepared together with the Executive Board. It gives directions as to how to perform live ultrasound demonstrations at courses, meetings, and conferences with respect to the patients and models including informed consent.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiomics or ultrasonomics? 放射组学还是超声波学?
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-05-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2771-2978
Orlando Catalano
{"title":"Radiomics or ultrasonomics?","authors":"Orlando Catalano","doi":"10.1055/a-2771-2978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2771-2978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Late-onset ventriculoatrial shunt infection presenting as a cervical mass: the key role of ultrasound. 迟发性脑室房分流感染表现为宫颈肿块:超声的关键作用。
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2831-9529
Lukas Schmutzler, Marcel Kloppenburg, Ljilja Bektic-Tadic, Julia Klingenschmid, Benedikt Hofauer
{"title":"Late-onset ventriculoatrial shunt infection presenting as a cervical mass: the key role of ultrasound.","authors":"Lukas Schmutzler, Marcel Kloppenburg, Ljilja Bektic-Tadic, Julia Klingenschmid, Benedikt Hofauer","doi":"10.1055/a-2831-9529","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2831-9529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applicability of thoracic ultrasound for the assessment of patients with fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: a systematic review. 胸部超声在评估纤维化间质性肺疾病患者中的适用性:一项系统综述。
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2785-1857
Sanjeewa Patabendige, Casper Falster, Henrik Z Langkilde, Stefan M W Harders, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Michael T Durheim, Jesper Rømhild Davidsen
{"title":"Applicability of thoracic ultrasound for the assessment of patients with fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: a systematic review.","authors":"Sanjeewa Patabendige, Casper Falster, Henrik Z Langkilde, Stefan M W Harders, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Michael T Durheim, Jesper Rømhild Davidsen","doi":"10.1055/a-2785-1857","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2785-1857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (F-ILD), which include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other ILDs conferring risk for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), are a heterogeneous group of diseases with multiple subtypes. A multidisciplinary team discussion (MDD) incorporating HRCT is considered the gold standard for diagnosing and quantifying pulmonary fibrosis. However, repeated HRCTs are associated with substantial costs and radiation exposure. Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) has emerged as a potential radiation-free method for diagnosing and monitoring disease severity in F-ILD. However, consistent knowledge regarding the use of TUS in patients with F-ILD remains limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate existing literature on the applicability of TUS in patients with F-ILD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane library databases were searched. Prospective, cross-sectional, and retrospective studies were considered. Risk of bias was assessed using quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All examined patients had IPF, and two had other F-ILD subtypes. The most frequently evaluated TUS findings were B-lines and pleural line irregularities (PI). However, there was marked heterogeneity in TUS methodology and protocols, precluding meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the preliminary findings in this review suggest TUS may have potential utility in this patient group, available data on TUS in F-ILD are sparse and heterogeneous, highlighting the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intracranial pressure correlates with brain stiffness measured by noninvasive ultrasound-based transcranial time-harmonic elastography in children and young adults. 颅内压与儿童和年轻人无创超声经颅时间谐波弹性成像测量的脑刚度相关。
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1055/a-2836-3847
Corona Metz, Simon Veldhoen, Valentina Pennacchietti, Hossein Aghamiry, Heiko Tzschätzsch, Matthias Stephan Anders, Ulrich Wilhelm Thomale, Ingolf Sack, Tom Meyer
{"title":"Intracranial pressure correlates with brain stiffness measured by noninvasive ultrasound-based transcranial time-harmonic elastography in children and young adults.","authors":"Corona Metz, Simon Veldhoen, Valentina Pennacchietti, Hossein Aghamiry, Heiko Tzschätzsch, Matthias Stephan Anders, Ulrich Wilhelm Thomale, Ingolf Sack, Tom Meyer","doi":"10.1055/a-2836-3847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2836-3847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) accompanies many neurological disorders, and delayed diagnosis can cause irreversible brain damage. Current diagnostic testing is invasive. Ultrasound elastography allows non-invasive assessment of tissue stiffness, which is influenced by pressure. Transcranial time-harmonic elastography (THE), using externally induced low-frequency vibrations and standard ultrasound to generate quantitative stiffness maps, has proven sensitive to ICP changes in adults. This study evaluated the quantitative correlation between ICP and brain stiffness in children and adolescents using a novel point-of-care THE system with a portable vibration unit.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten pediatric and one young adult patient (four females; mean age 11±5 years; range 6-24 years) with an implanted sensor reservoir (n=7) or external ventricular drainage (EVD; n=4) underwent transcranial THE with a portable vibration driver providing external multifrequency vibration. Quantitative shear-wave speed maps (m/s) of the temporal lobe were acquired. ICP was measured via sensor reservoir within two hours of THE or via EVD simultaneously. Three patients with sensor reservoirs were examined repeatedly at intervals of at least one month, yielding 16 ICP-THE pairs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median ICP was 8mmHg (range 2-13) and the median shear-wave speed was 1.54m/s (range 1.20-1.94). ICP correlated positively with brain stiffness measured by THE (r=0.72, p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cerebral stiffness quantified by transcranial THE closely reflects invasively measured ICP. Therefore, portable, point-of-care THE may provide a cost-effective, non-invasive tool to monitor cerebral stiffness and detect increased ICP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Rare Case of Anorectal Mucosal Melanoma Discovered by Transperineal Ultrasound. 经会阴超声发现肛门直肠粘膜黑色素瘤1例。
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1055/a-2812-1501
Agnese Favale, Antonella Marra, Chiara Lillo, Leonardo Sacco, Francesco Cocomazzi, Simone Mammone, Massimo Claudio Fantini, Francesco Perri, Fulvia Terracciano
{"title":"A Rare Case of Anorectal Mucosal Melanoma Discovered by Transperineal Ultrasound.","authors":"Agnese Favale, Antonella Marra, Chiara Lillo, Leonardo Sacco, Francesco Cocomazzi, Simone Mammone, Massimo Claudio Fantini, Francesco Perri, Fulvia Terracciano","doi":"10.1055/a-2812-1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2812-1501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFSUMB Guidelines on Multiparametric Ultrasound of the Scrotum. EFSUMB睾丸多参数超声指南。
IF 2.9 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1055/a-2785-3267
Michele Bertolotto, Simon Freeman, Dean Y Huang, Paul S Sidhu, Irene Campo, Dirk-André Clevert, Vikram Dogra, Francesco Maria Drudi, Thomas Fischer, Andrea M Isidori, Christian Jenssen, Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer, Guntram Lock, Francesco Lotti, Malene Roland Vils Pedersen, Carlotta Pozza, Subramaniyan Ramanathan, Jonathan Richenberg, Valeria Scotti, Paul Spiesecke, Christoph F Dietrich, Vito Cantisani
{"title":"EFSUMB Guidelines on Multiparametric Ultrasound of the Scrotum.","authors":"Michele Bertolotto, Simon Freeman, Dean Y Huang, Paul S Sidhu, Irene Campo, Dirk-André Clevert, Vikram Dogra, Francesco Maria Drudi, Thomas Fischer, Andrea M Isidori, Christian Jenssen, Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer, Guntram Lock, Francesco Lotti, Malene Roland Vils Pedersen, Carlotta Pozza, Subramaniyan Ramanathan, Jonathan Richenberg, Valeria Scotti, Paul Spiesecke, Christoph F Dietrich, Vito Cantisani","doi":"10.1055/a-2785-3267","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2785-3267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) combines B-mode, Doppler techniques, microvascular imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and elastography, thereby enhancing diagnostic precision across a wide spectrum of scrotal diseases. Developed under the auspices of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), these guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the clinical use of MPUS in scrotal imaging. Based on the framework of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, this document outlines the diagnostic value of MPUS in acute scrotal pain, trauma, infertility, focal and extratesticular lesions, cryptorchidism, and testicular incidentalomas. The recommendations highlight CEUS as the reference method for vascular assessment and elastography as a complementary tool for tissue characterization. These guidelines aim to standardize MPUS practice and promote its integration in routine scrotal imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transthoracic echocardiography Guidelines of the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine, German Cardiac Society, German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, German Society of Internal Medicine, Professional Association of German Internists, and the German Association of Cardiologists in Private Practice (Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany, S2k LL85-004, 9/1/20. 德国医学超声学会、德国心脏学会、德国麻醉学和重症监护医学学会、德国内科医学会、德国内科医师专业协会和德国私人执业心脏病专家协会(德国科学医学学会协会,S2k LL85-004, 20年9月1日)的经胸超声心动图指南。
IF 3.2 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2775-3065
Jan Knierim, Henrik Ten Freyhaus, Harry Magunia, Sebastian Kruck, Matthias Göpfert, Norbert Smetak, Constantin S von Kaisenberg, Caroline Morbach, Sebastian Ewen, Frank Flachskampf
{"title":"Transthoracic echocardiography Guidelines of the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine, German Cardiac Society, German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, German Society of Internal Medicine, Professional Association of German Internists, and the German Association of Cardiologists in Private Practice (Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany, S2k LL85-004, 9/1/20.","authors":"Jan Knierim, Henrik Ten Freyhaus, Harry Magunia, Sebastian Kruck, Matthias Göpfert, Norbert Smetak, Constantin S von Kaisenberg, Caroline Morbach, Sebastian Ewen, Frank Flachskampf","doi":"10.1055/a-2775-3065","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2775-3065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echocardiography is the most commonly used imaging method for evaluating the heart. It plays a central role in the cardiology routine and in acute and emergency situations, and is an essential component of the medical decision-making process. In spite of its high clinical relevance, national recommendations standardizing the examination procedure, equipment settings, and image documentation have been lacking. The present guidelines were created by the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine and the German Cardiac Society in coordination with the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, German Society of Internal Medicine, Professional Association of German Internists, and the German Association of Cardiologists in Private Practice. The recommendations were formulated in consensus, published as draft guidelines, and finalized by the participating professional associations after evaluation of the feedback. The document meets the criteria for S2k guidelines in accordance with the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and defines binding standards for performing transthoracic echocardiography. The guidelines define which images and measurements are required to ensure valid and reproducible findings. The main recommendations relate to device settings, image acquisition, the minimum dataset to be acquired, and the definition of focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS). The complete long version of the guidelines is available on the website of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany. NOTE : The short version of this guideline is being published simultaneously in the journals Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound and Die Kardiologie.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SonoGame - more than just a game: Evaluation of an ultrasound training platform. SonoGame -不仅仅是一个游戏:评估超声训练平台。
IF 3.2 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1055/a-2627-8194
Selin Guergan, Victoria Henze, Christian Gall, Birgitt Schönfisch, Sara Y Brucker, Sven Bertel, Lukas Mayer, Matthias Süncksen, Michael Teistler, Markus Hahn
{"title":"SonoGame - more than just a game: Evaluation of an ultrasound training platform.","authors":"Selin Guergan, Victoria Henze, Christian Gall, Birgitt Schönfisch, Sara Y Brucker, Sven Bertel, Lukas Mayer, Matthias Süncksen, Michael Teistler, Markus Hahn","doi":"10.1055/a-2627-8194","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2627-8194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound examination is a vital imaging tool in medicine, yet opportunities for comprehensive theoretical and practical training during medical education are limited. Effective ultrasound education requires both theoretical knowledge and hands-on practice. To address this, we developed SonoGame, a gamified platform designed to teach ultrasound skills to medical students. SonoGame provides a step-by-step introduction to ultrasound imaging and aims to improve skills such as image orientation, spatial visualization, and hand-eye-coordination through mini-games using geometric objects. This study evaluates the impact of SonoGame training on ultrasound skills.In this prospective, single-center study, 56 medical students, the majority of whom had no prior ultrasound experience, were randomly assigned to either a control group or a SonoGame group. The SonoGame group trained with the platform in four 30-minute sessions over 4 weeks, while the control group received no training. Ultrasound skills were assessed in both groups before and after the training period.The SonoGame group showed significant improvement in ultrasound skills, particularly with complex anatomical structures, compared to the control group. Participants in the SonoGame group also reported increased familiarity and confidence with sonography, viewing SonoGame as a valuable tool in their training.SonoGame is an effective supplement to conventional ultrasound education, enhancing the skills necessary for ultrasound examinations in medical students.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":" ","pages":"171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Ultrasound in Gynecomastia. 超声在男性乳房发育中的作用。
IF 3.2 3区 医学
Ultraschall in Der Medizin Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1055/a-2790-6576
Dana Stoian, Andreea Bena, Octavian Neagoe
{"title":"The Role of Ultrasound in Gynecomastia.","authors":"Dana Stoian, Andreea Bena, Octavian Neagoe","doi":"10.1055/a-2790-6576","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2790-6576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynecomastia is a frequent cause of male breast enlargement and may result from physiological, pathological, or drug-induced mechanisms. Ultrasound offers a dynamic, non-invasive assessment that goes beyond image depiction, helping to differentiate gynecomastia from pseudogynecomastia and identify morphological stages. Typical sonographic patterns support clinical decisions, guide additional laboratory or imaging workup, and allow early recognition of suspicious features suggestive of malignancy. While mammography retains value in older patients or when cancer is suspected, ultrasound is generally the preferred first-line modality, providing essential information for accurate diagnosis and individualized management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49400,"journal":{"name":"Ultraschall in Der Medizin","volume":"47 2","pages":"122-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书