Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"SSAT-Swin: Deep Learning-Based Spinal Ultrasound Feature Segmentation for Scoliosis Using Self-Supervised Swin Transformer","authors":"Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongping Zheng ,&nbsp;Jeb McAviney ,&nbsp;Sai Ho Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Scoliosis, a 3-D spinal deformity, requires early detection and intervention. Ultrasound curve angle (UCA) measurement using ultrasound images has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool. However, calculating the UCA directly from ultrasound images remains challenging due to low contrast, high noise, and irregular target shapes. Accurate segmentation results are therefore crucial to enhance image clarity and precision prior to UCA calculation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We propose the SSAT-Swin model, a transformer-based multi-class segmentation framework designed for ultrasound image analysis in scoliosis diagnosis. The model integrates a boundary-enhancement module in the decoder and a channel attention module in the skip connections. Additionally, self-supervised proxy tasks are used during pre-training on 1,170 images, followed by fine-tuning on 109 image-label pairs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The SSAT-Swin achieved Dice scores of 85.6% and Jaccard scores of 74.5%, with a 92.8% scoliosis bone feature detection rate, outperforming state-of-the-art models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Self-supervised learning enhances the model's ability to capture global context information, making it well-suited for addressing the unique challenges of ultrasound images, ultimately advancing scoliosis assessment through more accurate segmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 999-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Real-Time and Offline Short-Lag Spatial Coherence Imaging of Ultrasound Breast Masses","authors":"Nethra Venkatayogi ,&nbsp;Arunima Sharma ,&nbsp;Emily B. Ambinder ,&nbsp;Kelly S. Myers ,&nbsp;Eniola T. Oluyemi ,&nbsp;Lisa A. Mullen ,&nbsp;Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To perform the first known investigation of differences between real-time and offline B-mode and short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) images when evaluating fluid or solid content in 60 hypoechoic breast masses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Real-time and retrospective (<em>i.e.</em>, offline) reader studies were conducted with three board-certified breast radiologists, followed by objective, reader-independent discrimination using generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The content of 12 fluid, solid and mixed (<em>i.e.</em>, containing fluid and solid components) masses were uncertain when reading real-time B-mode images. With real-time and offline SLSC images, 15 and 5, respectively, aggregated solid and mixed masses (and no fluid masses) were uncertain. Therefore, with real-time SLSC imaging, uncertainty about solid masses increased relative to offline SLSC imaging, while uncertainty about fluid masses decreased relative to real-time B-mode imaging. When assessing real-time SLSC reader results, 100% (11/11) of solid masses with uncertain content were correctly classified with a gCNR&lt;0.73 threshold applied to real-time SLSC images. The areas under receiver operator characteristic curves characterizing gCNR as an objective metric to discriminate complicated cysts from solid masses were 0.963 and 0.998 with real-time and offline SLSC images, respectively, which are both considered excellent for diagnostic testing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Results are promising to support real-time SLSC imaging and gCNR application to real-time SLSC images to enhance sensitivity and specificity, reduce reader variability, and mitigate uncertainty about fluid or solid content, particularly when distinguishing complicated cysts (which are benign) from hypoechoic solid masses (which could be cancerous).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 941-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition)","authors":"ZhiLi Wang ,&nbsp;BaoMing Luo ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;JianQiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xi Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;LingYun Bao ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;ShuZhen Cong ,&nbsp;FengLin Dong ,&nbsp;QinMao Fang ,&nbsp;ZhiYong Fu ,&nbsp;Hua Hong ,&nbsp;Qiao Hu ,&nbsp;XuNing Huang ,&nbsp;TianAn Jiang ,&nbsp;Fang Li ,&nbsp;JianChu Li ,&nbsp;YongSheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice. This consensus describes in detail the diagnostic and interventional common problems of parathyroid ultrasound and provides in-depth discussion on related contents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1008-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor in Response to: Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Efficiency and Oxygen Scavenging in Whole Blood","authors":"Triwiyanto Triwiyanto ,&nbsp;Sari Luthfiyah ,&nbsp;I Putu Alit Pawana ,&nbsp;Achmad Rizal","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Page 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the Letter to the Editor in response to: “Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Efficiency and Oxygen Scavenging in Whole Blood”","authors":"Kateryna Stone ,&nbsp;Nour Al Rifai ,&nbsp;Demetria M. Fischesser ,&nbsp;John Dumancic ,&nbsp;Shameel Abid ,&nbsp;David Willett ,&nbsp;Christy K. Holland ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Haworth","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Page 1031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-based Velocity Vector Imaging in the Carotid Bifurcation: Repeatability and an In Vivo Comparison With 4-D Flow MRI","authors":"Janna Ruisch ,&nbsp;Joosje M.K. de Bakker ,&nbsp;Majorie van Helvert ,&nbsp;Maxime J.P. Schoonbrood ,&nbsp;Erik Groot Jebbink ,&nbsp;Suzanne Holewijn ,&nbsp;Michel M.P.J. Reijnen ,&nbsp;Chris L. de Korte ,&nbsp;Anne E.C.M. Saris","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Ultrasound-based velocity vector imaging (US-VVI) is a promising technique to gain insight into complex blood flow patterns that play an important role in atherosclerosis. However, <em>in vivo</em> validation of the 2-D velocity vector fields in the carotid bifurcation, using an adaptive velocity compounding method, is lacking. Its performance was validated <em>in vivo</em> against 4-D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, the repeatability of US-VVI was determined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>High frame rate US-VVI, which was repeated three times, and 4-D flow MRI data were acquired of the carotid bifurcation of 20 healthy volunteers. A semiautomatic registration of all US-VVI (<em>n</em> = 60) and 4-D flow MRI data was performed. The 2-D velocity vector fields were compared using cosine similarity and the root-mean-square error of the velocity magnitude. Temporal velocity profiles from the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery were compared. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement of US-VVI was determined for peak systolic velocities and end-diastolic velocities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The registration was successful in 83% of cases. The 2-D velocity vector fields matched well between modalities, which is supported by high cosine similarities and low root-mean-square error of the velocity magnitudes. Temporal profiles showed high resemblance, with similarity indices of 0.87 and 0.80, and mean peak systolic velocity differences of 0.91 and 7.9 cm/s in the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery, respectively. Good repeatability of US-VVI was shown with a highest bias and standard deviation of 1.7 and 11.7 cm/s, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Good agreements were found of both vector angles and velocity magnitudes between US-VVI and 4-D flow MRI. Given the high spatiotemporal resolution, US-VVI enables the capture of small recirculating regions of short duration that are missed by 4-D flow MRI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 969-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Pressure Sensitivity of Subharmonic Vibrating Single Microbubbles","authors":"Sander Spiekhout ,&nbsp;Yuchen Wang ,&nbsp;Tim Segers ,&nbsp;Klazina Kooiman ,&nbsp;Michel Versluis ,&nbsp;Jason Voorneveld ,&nbsp;Nico de Jong ,&nbsp;Johannes G. Bosch","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The response of ultrasound contrast agents is sensitive to ambient pressure, especially <em>via</em> their scattered subharmonic signal, which makes them a promising candidate for non-invasive pressure measurements <em>in vivo</em>. This work aimed to understand the sensitivity to ambient pressure of subharmonic oscillations from single microbubbles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The subharmonic oscillation amplitude of single microbubbles in response to varying ambient pressure was studied both experimentally and numerically. In experiment, approximately 2200 single microbubbles from a monodisperse population were measured at a driving frequency close to twice their resonance frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of the numerical simulations and experiments show that a pressure change leads to a small size change in the bubble that then changes the lipid packing density, and with that the stiffness of the bubble shell.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The dependency of subharmonic oscillation amplitude to changes in ambient pressure can be explained by a shift in the resonance frequency of the bubble as a function of ambient pressure. The subharmonic response increases with ambient pressure when the resonance frequency shifts toward half the driving frequency and decreases when the resonance frequency shifts away from half the driving frequency. These findings help to understand non-invasive pressure sensing through subharmonic ultrasound imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 931-940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Model of Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Treatment for Chemotherapy Delivery to Brain Tumors","authors":"Mohammad Zoofaghari ,&nbsp;Martin Damrath ,&nbsp;Mladen Veletić ,&nbsp;Ilangko Balasingham","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a transformative technique for enhancing drug delivery to brain tumors by temporarily and locally disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite significant progress in both pre-clinical and clinical research, a major challenge remains: the absence of a model that connects the properties of drug particles and FUS sonication parameters to therapeutic effectiveness. In this study, we introduce a novel empirical model that integrates key factors, including drug pharmacodynamics, microbubble kinetics for BBB disruption, intrabrain ultrasound signal propagation, and skull-thickness variations. The model defines a new sonication parameter that encapsulates ultrasound signal characteristics and predicts the concentration of therapeutic agents internalized or bound to DNA with an accuracy exceeding 82%. By employing data from previous pre-clinical studies, this model facilitates the development of precise sonication protocols tailored for clinical applications. These advancements represent a significant step toward personalized FUS-mediated treatments, bridging the gap between experimental research and patient-centered therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 877-883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Early Progression Biomarker in Glioblastoma: Microcirculatory Heterogeneity on Ultrasound Localization Microscopy","authors":"Xing Hu ,&nbsp;Gaobo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiandi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Xie ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Dean Ta ,&nbsp;Hong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Microcirculatory heterogeneity plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). This study employs super-resolution ultrasound imaging to visualize the microcirculatory heterogeneity in GBM, with the objective of illustrating its predictive value in histological assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This <em>in vivo</em> study explored the microvasculature in GBM models using 15 Sprague–Dawley rats, divided into three groups based on tumor growth stages (12, 18 and 24 d post-implantation). Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) was employed to assess microvascular morphology, hemodynamics and heterogeneity. Structural, functional and heterogeneity parameters at different tumor growth stages were quantified using Kruskal–Wallis <em>H</em> tests, or analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni correction to characterize tumor progression. Linear correlations between these quantitative parameters and pathological indicators, including histological vascular density (VD-H), proliferation index and histological vascular maturity index (VMI-H), were evaluated. A stepwise linear regression model was constructed to assess the predictive performance in relation to histological parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to histology, ULM enabled the earlier detection of tumor progression. The quantitative parameters derived from ULM provided a more comprehensive assessment than conventional metrics such as tumor size and immunohistochemistry. Multivariate analysis exhibited significant correlations among curvature, blood flow orientation variance (OV) and VD-H. Additionally, curvature, blood flow and OV demonstrated significant correlations with the proliferation index, while blood flow and fractal dimension showed significant associations with VMI-H. Heterogeneity parameters exhibited superior predictive power for certain histological features compared to microvascular morphology and functional perfusion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ULM provides a basis for early, non-invasive <em>in vivo</em> imaging and quantification of microvascular structures in rat GBM and demonstrates super-resolution predictive capability for histological parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 921-930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Cavitation Emissions Predict Near-complete/complete Histotripsy Treatment in Soft Tissues","authors":"Scott C. Haskell ,&nbsp;Ellen Yeats ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Shi ,&nbsp;Tim Hall ,&nbsp;J. Brian Fowlkes ,&nbsp;Zhen Xu ,&nbsp;Jonathan R. Sukovich","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Histotripsy is a non-invasive acoustic ablation technique that leverages cavitation to impart mechanical damage to a viscoelastic medium, such as tissue. Although histotripsy bubbles and lesions can be imaged with a variety of modalities, reliable methods to predict tissue disruption across different tissue-types remain to be determined.</div></div><div><h3>Approach</h3><div>Several ex-vivo bovine tissues were ablated by intrinsic threshold histotripsy over a range of pulse-per-location acoustic doses. Acoustic Cavitation Emission (ACE) signals were captured following every other therapeutic pulse using transmit-receive capable histotripsy arrays. Final bubble lifespan, lifespan-slope, and percent-reduction were calculated and correlated against histologic necrosis score (0-5: 0=0% necrosis, 5=&gt;95% necrosis) and residual structure score (0-4: 0=none present, 4=intact) to evaluate the ability of features from ACE-signals to predict histotripsy-induced damage. Further, optimal ACE-feature thresholds were determined for binary evaluation of whether a necrosis score equal or greater than 4 had been reached.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Measured lifespans increased and lifespan-slopes decreased with pulses per location (ppl) and eventually plateaued in all tissue types, in similar trends to those previously observed in tissue phantoms. Necrosis score increased and residual structure decreased with increasing acoustic dose. Bubble lifespan-slope and percent-reduction correlated well with necrosis score. Thresholds able to predict the necrosis score of 4 or greater in brain, liver, and kidney were calculated with high sensitivity/specificity (&gt;80%). The necrosis score of 4 and 5 is expected to correspond to near-complete/complete ablation by histological evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Features measured from ACE-signals, particularly the lifespan-slope and percent reduction, were used to predict near-complete/complete ablation of large-volume histotripsy treatments in ex vivo bovine liver, kidney, and brain tissues with good accuracy. Tissue heterogeneities were observed to impact the histotripsy damage and corresponding ACE-signals, and thus the predication accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 909-920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}