Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition)","authors":"ZhiLi Wang ,&nbsp;BaoMing Luo ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;JianQiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xi Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;LingYun Bao ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;ShuZhen Cong ,&nbsp;FengLin Dong ,&nbsp;QinMao Fang ,&nbsp;ZhiYong Fu ,&nbsp;Hua Hong ,&nbsp;Qiao Hu ,&nbsp;XuNing Huang ,&nbsp;TianAn Jiang ,&nbsp;Fang Li ,&nbsp;JianChu Li ,&nbsp;YongSheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice. This consensus describes in detail the diagnostic and interventional common problems of parathyroid ultrasound and provides in-depth discussion on related contents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1008-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor in Response to: Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Efficiency and Oxygen Scavenging in Whole Blood","authors":"Triwiyanto Triwiyanto ,&nbsp;Sari Luthfiyah ,&nbsp;I Putu Alit Pawana ,&nbsp;Achmad Rizal","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Page 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the Letter to the Editor in response to: “Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Efficiency and Oxygen Scavenging in Whole Blood”","authors":"Kateryna Stone ,&nbsp;Nour Al Rifai ,&nbsp;Demetria M. Fischesser ,&nbsp;John Dumancic ,&nbsp;Shameel Abid ,&nbsp;David Willett ,&nbsp;Christy K. Holland ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Haworth","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Page 1031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-based Velocity Vector Imaging in the Carotid Bifurcation: Repeatability and an In Vivo Comparison With 4-D Flow MRI","authors":"Janna Ruisch ,&nbsp;Joosje M.K. de Bakker ,&nbsp;Majorie van Helvert ,&nbsp;Maxime J.P. Schoonbrood ,&nbsp;Erik Groot Jebbink ,&nbsp;Suzanne Holewijn ,&nbsp;Michel M.P.J. Reijnen ,&nbsp;Chris L. de Korte ,&nbsp;Anne E.C.M. Saris","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Ultrasound-based velocity vector imaging (US-VVI) is a promising technique to gain insight into complex blood flow patterns that play an important role in atherosclerosis. However, <em>in vivo</em> validation of the 2-D velocity vector fields in the carotid bifurcation, using an adaptive velocity compounding method, is lacking. Its performance was validated <em>in vivo</em> against 4-D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, the repeatability of US-VVI was determined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>High frame rate US-VVI, which was repeated three times, and 4-D flow MRI data were acquired of the carotid bifurcation of 20 healthy volunteers. A semiautomatic registration of all US-VVI (<em>n</em> = 60) and 4-D flow MRI data was performed. The 2-D velocity vector fields were compared using cosine similarity and the root-mean-square error of the velocity magnitude. Temporal velocity profiles from the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery were compared. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement of US-VVI was determined for peak systolic velocities and end-diastolic velocities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The registration was successful in 83% of cases. The 2-D velocity vector fields matched well between modalities, which is supported by high cosine similarities and low root-mean-square error of the velocity magnitudes. Temporal profiles showed high resemblance, with similarity indices of 0.87 and 0.80, and mean peak systolic velocity differences of 0.91 and 7.9 cm/s in the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery, respectively. Good repeatability of US-VVI was shown with a highest bias and standard deviation of 1.7 and 11.7 cm/s, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Good agreements were found of both vector angles and velocity magnitudes between US-VVI and 4-D flow MRI. Given the high spatiotemporal resolution, US-VVI enables the capture of small recirculating regions of short duration that are missed by 4-D flow MRI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 969-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Pressure Sensitivity of Subharmonic Vibrating Single Microbubbles","authors":"Sander Spiekhout ,&nbsp;Yuchen Wang ,&nbsp;Tim Segers ,&nbsp;Klazina Kooiman ,&nbsp;Michel Versluis ,&nbsp;Jason Voorneveld ,&nbsp;Nico de Jong ,&nbsp;Johannes G. Bosch","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The response of ultrasound contrast agents is sensitive to ambient pressure, especially <em>via</em> their scattered subharmonic signal, which makes them a promising candidate for non-invasive pressure measurements <em>in vivo</em>. This work aimed to understand the sensitivity to ambient pressure of subharmonic oscillations from single microbubbles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The subharmonic oscillation amplitude of single microbubbles in response to varying ambient pressure was studied both experimentally and numerically. In experiment, approximately 2200 single microbubbles from a monodisperse population were measured at a driving frequency close to twice their resonance frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of the numerical simulations and experiments show that a pressure change leads to a small size change in the bubble that then changes the lipid packing density, and with that the stiffness of the bubble shell.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The dependency of subharmonic oscillation amplitude to changes in ambient pressure can be explained by a shift in the resonance frequency of the bubble as a function of ambient pressure. The subharmonic response increases with ambient pressure when the resonance frequency shifts toward half the driving frequency and decreases when the resonance frequency shifts away from half the driving frequency. These findings help to understand non-invasive pressure sensing through subharmonic ultrasound imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 931-940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Model of Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Treatment for Chemotherapy Delivery to Brain Tumors","authors":"Mohammad Zoofaghari ,&nbsp;Martin Damrath ,&nbsp;Mladen Veletić ,&nbsp;Ilangko Balasingham","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a transformative technique for enhancing drug delivery to brain tumors by temporarily and locally disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite significant progress in both pre-clinical and clinical research, a major challenge remains: the absence of a model that connects the properties of drug particles and FUS sonication parameters to therapeutic effectiveness. In this study, we introduce a novel empirical model that integrates key factors, including drug pharmacodynamics, microbubble kinetics for BBB disruption, intrabrain ultrasound signal propagation, and skull-thickness variations. The model defines a new sonication parameter that encapsulates ultrasound signal characteristics and predicts the concentration of therapeutic agents internalized or bound to DNA with an accuracy exceeding 82%. By employing data from previous pre-clinical studies, this model facilitates the development of precise sonication protocols tailored for clinical applications. These advancements represent a significant step toward personalized FUS-mediated treatments, bridging the gap between experimental research and patient-centered therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 877-883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Early Progression Biomarker in Glioblastoma: Microcirculatory Heterogeneity on Ultrasound Localization Microscopy","authors":"Xing Hu ,&nbsp;Gaobo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiandi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Xie ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Dean Ta ,&nbsp;Hong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Microcirculatory heterogeneity plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). This study employs super-resolution ultrasound imaging to visualize the microcirculatory heterogeneity in GBM, with the objective of illustrating its predictive value in histological assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This <em>in vivo</em> study explored the microvasculature in GBM models using 15 Sprague–Dawley rats, divided into three groups based on tumor growth stages (12, 18 and 24 d post-implantation). Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) was employed to assess microvascular morphology, hemodynamics and heterogeneity. Structural, functional and heterogeneity parameters at different tumor growth stages were quantified using Kruskal–Wallis <em>H</em> tests, or analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni correction to characterize tumor progression. Linear correlations between these quantitative parameters and pathological indicators, including histological vascular density (VD-H), proliferation index and histological vascular maturity index (VMI-H), were evaluated. A stepwise linear regression model was constructed to assess the predictive performance in relation to histological parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to histology, ULM enabled the earlier detection of tumor progression. The quantitative parameters derived from ULM provided a more comprehensive assessment than conventional metrics such as tumor size and immunohistochemistry. Multivariate analysis exhibited significant correlations among curvature, blood flow orientation variance (OV) and VD-H. Additionally, curvature, blood flow and OV demonstrated significant correlations with the proliferation index, while blood flow and fractal dimension showed significant associations with VMI-H. Heterogeneity parameters exhibited superior predictive power for certain histological features compared to microvascular morphology and functional perfusion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ULM provides a basis for early, non-invasive <em>in vivo</em> imaging and quantification of microvascular structures in rat GBM and demonstrates super-resolution predictive capability for histological parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 921-930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Cavitation Emissions Predict Near-complete/complete Histotripsy Treatment in Soft Tissues","authors":"Scott C. Haskell ,&nbsp;Ellen Yeats ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Shi ,&nbsp;Tim Hall ,&nbsp;J. Brian Fowlkes ,&nbsp;Zhen Xu ,&nbsp;Jonathan R. Sukovich","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Histotripsy is a non-invasive acoustic ablation technique that leverages cavitation to impart mechanical damage to a viscoelastic medium, such as tissue. Although histotripsy bubbles and lesions can be imaged with a variety of modalities, reliable methods to predict tissue disruption across different tissue-types remain to be determined.</div></div><div><h3>Approach</h3><div>Several ex-vivo bovine tissues were ablated by intrinsic threshold histotripsy over a range of pulse-per-location acoustic doses. Acoustic Cavitation Emission (ACE) signals were captured following every other therapeutic pulse using transmit-receive capable histotripsy arrays. Final bubble lifespan, lifespan-slope, and percent-reduction were calculated and correlated against histologic necrosis score (0-5: 0=0% necrosis, 5=&gt;95% necrosis) and residual structure score (0-4: 0=none present, 4=intact) to evaluate the ability of features from ACE-signals to predict histotripsy-induced damage. Further, optimal ACE-feature thresholds were determined for binary evaluation of whether a necrosis score equal or greater than 4 had been reached.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Measured lifespans increased and lifespan-slopes decreased with pulses per location (ppl) and eventually plateaued in all tissue types, in similar trends to those previously observed in tissue phantoms. Necrosis score increased and residual structure decreased with increasing acoustic dose. Bubble lifespan-slope and percent-reduction correlated well with necrosis score. Thresholds able to predict the necrosis score of 4 or greater in brain, liver, and kidney were calculated with high sensitivity/specificity (&gt;80%). The necrosis score of 4 and 5 is expected to correspond to near-complete/complete ablation by histological evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Features measured from ACE-signals, particularly the lifespan-slope and percent reduction, were used to predict near-complete/complete ablation of large-volume histotripsy treatments in ex vivo bovine liver, kidney, and brain tissues with good accuracy. Tissue heterogeneities were observed to impact the histotripsy damage and corresponding ACE-signals, and thus the predication accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 909-920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Images of Brain-Dead Donor Livers: Prediction of Early Allograft Dysfunction","authors":"Jiao Sun ,&nbsp;Xiuyun Ren ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Zizhen Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu ,&nbsp;Chuanshen Xu ,&nbsp;Jinzhen Cai ,&nbsp;Jianhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the CEUS parameters that predict the likelihood of postoperative EAD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical and imaging data for 75 pairs of donors and recipients collected between September 2022 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into those with early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and those without EAD. The liver parenchyma was selected as the region of interest to plot the CEUS time–intensity curve. CEUS parameters were compared between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peak intensity, area under the curve (AUC), and cholinesterase values were significantly lower in the EAD group than in the non-EAD group. The hepatic arterial–portal arrival interval (APAI) and aspartate aminotransferase level were significantly higher in the EAD group. Multivariate logistic analysis identified the APAI to be an independent risk factor for EAD (odds ratio 0.755; 95% confidence interval 0.577–0.989; <em>p</em> = 0.041). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the prediction probability P, which represents a combination of CEUS and clinical data, was best able to predict EAD (AUC 0.802; 95% confidence interval 0.679–0.926; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Comparison of the AUC for prediction probability P and each single parameter identified statistically significant differences between the predicted probability P and aspartate aminotransferase and cholinesterase values (<em>p</em> = 0.042 and <em>p</em> = 0.020, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A longer APAI can be used as a biomarker to predict EAD after brain-dead donor liver transplantation. CEUS could be a valuable tool for assessment of donor livers and identifying recipients potentially at risk of developing postoperative EAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 735-741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SegFormer3D: Improving the Robustness of Deep Learning Model-Based Image Segmentation in Ultrasound Volumes of the Pediatric Hip","authors":"Benjamin Hers ,&nbsp;Maria Bonta ,&nbsp;Siyi Du ,&nbsp;Kishore Mulpuri ,&nbsp;Emily K. Schaeffer ,&nbsp;Antony J. Hodgson ,&nbsp;Rafeef Garbi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a painful orthopedic malformation diagnosed at birth in 1–3% of all newborns. Left untreated, DDH can lead to significant morbidity including long-term disability. Currently the condition is clinically diagnosed using 2-D ultrasound (US) imaging acquired between 0 and 6 mo of age. DDH metrics are manually extracted by highly trained radiologists through manual measurements of relevant anatomy from the 2-D US data, which remains a time-consuming and highly error-prone process. Recently, it was shown that combining 3-D US imaging with deep learning-based automated diagnostic tools may significantly improve accuracy and reduce variability in measuring DDH metrics. However, the robustness of current techniques remains insufficient for reliable deployment into real-life clinical workflows. In this work, we first present a quantitative robustness evaluation of the state of the art in bone segmentation from 3-D US and demonstrate examples of failed or implausible segmentations with convolutional neural network and vision transformer models under common data variations, e.g., small changes in image resolution or anatomical field of view from those encountered in the training data. Second, we propose a 3-D extension of SegFormer architecture, a lightweight transformer-based model with hierarchically structured encoders producing multi-scale features, which we show to concurrently improve accuracy and robustness. Quantitative results on clinical data from pediatric patients in the test set showed up to 0.9% improvement in Dice score and up to a 3% smaller Hausdorff distance 95% compared with state of the art when unseen variations in anatomical structures and data resolutions were introduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49399,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 751-758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}