Urban Forestry & Urban Greening最新文献

{"title":"Greening urban landscapes: A systematic literature review of planting design for resilient and livable cities","authors":"Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes ,&nbsp;Catarina Patoilo Teixeira ,&nbsp;Mariana Veludo","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planting Design is one of the landscape architects' main activities in constructing and defining landscapes. The art of composing landscapes, including urban parks and gardens, through vegetation arrangement, is an ancestral practice translating each era's needs and political, environmental, and social context. However, the ecological paradigm and the emergency and worsening of urban problems have introduced new challenges to traditional approaches to planting design that need to be clarified to uncover how they respond to challenges such as climate change, urban residents' health and well-being, and the scarcity of resources and trained technical staff to maintain and manage public green spaces. In this context, a systematic review was developed to (1) explore bibliographic details and spatial context of Planting Design, (2) identify the main focus, emerging topics, strategies, and outputs in planting design research, (3) identify key components and processes involved in Planting Design, and (4) to explore further correlations between previous goals. Following the guidelines from Collaboration for Environmental Evidence and a pre-tested search string, a final database of 127 records published between 2000 and 2023 was reviewed. Results showed that Planting Design publications increased substantially in 2016 with a continued positive trend in subsequent years. Most publications focus on urban settings and are geographically targeted in Asia and Europe. The majority of the analyzed records are driven by an aesthetic and ecological focus and provide guidelines for Planting Design. Climate change and environmental challenges are trending topics of research. Traits, principles, functions, and hazards regarding Planting Design were also analyzed to provide useful insights into future research and practice in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying priority heat-risk areas in Granada, Spain, using InVEST and landscape metrics","authors":"Carson Silveira ,&nbsp;Nuria Pistón ,&nbsp;Javier Martínez-López ,&nbsp;Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ,&nbsp;Thedmer Postma ,&nbsp;Juan M. López-Torralbo ,&nbsp;Regino Zamora","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban heat island effect and its disproportionate impact on vulnerable groups is a major challenge for cities. The aim of this research is to identify heat-risk areas and to examine the effect of vegetation spatial patterns on heat mitigation. The focus of the study is on Granada, Spain, and its metropolitan area, serving as a relevant case study due to its status as a medium-sized city within the Mediterranean region, a location particularly vulnerable to climate change. We used InVEST for urban heat island modelling and calculated heat vulnerability and exposure indices. We also used Boosted Regression Trees to assess the importance of the spatial composition and configuration of the vegetation in heat mitigation. We identify priority heat-risk areas for intervention highlighting regions where high heat exposure and vulnerability overlap. Our results show that the combination of green cover above 35 % and mean patch size above 200 m² maximized heat mitigation. However, because most of the priority areas are located in densely populated and built-up areas, the suggested approach could be on creating interconnections between smaller green infrastructures to increase their cooling capacity. We highlight the need for urban planning strategies that prioritize heat-vulnerable populations, while optimizing the spatial configuration of green infrastructure by focusing on Nature-based Solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban greenspaces benefit both human utility and biodiversity","authors":"Nataly G. Miguez ,&nbsp;Brittany M. Mason ,&nbsp;Jiangxiao Qiu ,&nbsp;Haojie Cao ,&nbsp;Corey T. Callaghan","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban greenspaces are essential for both human well-being and biodiversity, with their importance continually growing in the face of increasing urbanization. The dual role of these spaces raises questions about how their planning and management can best serve the diverse needs of both people and biodiversity. Our goal was to quantify the synergies and tradeoffs between human utility and biodiversity benefits in urban greenspaces. Through a detailed inventory, we mapped 639 urban greenspaces throughout Broward County, Florida — one of the most populous counties in the United States. We identified and categorized various physical attributes (N = 8 in total), including playgrounds, athletic facilities, and picnic areas and derived a ‘human utility index’. Concurrently, we assessed biodiversity by estimating relative species richness within an urban greenspace. We found little relationship between our human utility index and biodiversity. More specifically, when the index was broken down to its parts, we found a positive correlation between some attributes such as playgrounds, bodies of water, nature preserves, and dog parks with biodiversity, indicating potential synergies rather than tradeoffs. This alignment between our human utility index and biodiversity suggests that urban parks can effectively serve multiple values without necessarily sacrificing one for the other. Both the human utility index and biodiversity correlate with greenspace size, emphasizing the significance of larger greenspaces in accommodating diverse values. Our results offer insights for optimizing planning and management of urban greenspaces to simultaneously benefit local communities and ecosystems, highlighting the potential for harmonizing human and biodiversity to foster sustainable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128791"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where should the green go? A systematic literature review of methods for siting green infrastructure to mitigate rising heat and stormwater risks in cities worldwide","authors":"Saeideh Sobhaninia ,&nbsp;Sara Meerow ,&nbsp;Aubrey Dugger ,&nbsp;Thomas Hopson ,&nbsp;Cenlin He ,&nbsp;Olga Wilhelmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat and flooding are frequently cited as among the deadliest and costliest climate hazards, respectively, and both are intensifying due to urban developments and climate change. In response, many cities worldwide are increasingly turning to green infrastructure (GI) to mitigate climate risks such as extreme heat and flooding while enhancing overall resilience. However, existing research suggests that knowledge systems for GI globally have significant gaps that undermine the effectiveness of these investments. These include a narrow focus on limited functions while neglecting others and a lack of research on the decision-making processes that determine which GI functions are prioritized and where. The metrics and models used for siting GI likely shape its effectiveness in managing stormwater and mitigating heat risks in urban settings as well as who benefits from GI investments. This study systematically reviews the academic literature on GI spatial planning worldwide to analyze the GI types, indicators, and methods proposed for siting GI to address heat and stormwater challenges in cities. Our findings reveal that the spatial planning of GI for heat and stormwater remains largely separate in the academic literature, despite widespread calls for multifunctional GI. GI siting for stormwater management has a more robust and consistent body of literature with similar methodologies compared to that for heat risk mitigation, and the types of GI used differ between the two focus areas. This study provides valuable insights that can inform more integrated and effective approaches to GI planning, enhancing urban resilience to climate hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of single-tree morphological characteristics on the vertical gradient cooling effect and human thermal comfort during summer","authors":"Yue Cai ,&nbsp;Chong Li ,&nbsp;Chunyu Pan ,&nbsp;Guangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jianxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Wenyan Cui ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Guomo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests are crucial in improving the urban environment, relieving the heat island effect, and regulating microclimates. Urban areas encompass a diverse range of tree species exhibiting varying morphological characteristics. Nevertheless, there is limited quantitative research investigating the factors influencing the thermal regulation effectiveness of urban tree morphology during summer. In this study, we utilized a portable meteorological station, a thermal infrared camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and a handheld thermal camera to measure air temperature (AT), canopy temperature (CT), and ground surface temperature (GST) of individual trees, respectively. The results revealed a significant correlation between AT, CT, and GST across four canopy morphologies. ΔAT decreased with increasing height and reached its maximum at 1.5 m (ΔAT_1.5). The ΔAT_1.5 values for the different canopy shapes were as follows: pyramidal (2.99 ± 0.75℃); spherical (3.93 ± 0.61℃); pileate (4.03 ± 0.60℃); and ellipsoidal (3.27 ± 0.48℃). The corresponding ΔGST values were determined as: pyramidal (3.92 ± 0.48℃); spherical (8.68 ± 2.13℃); pileate (13.08 ± 1.08℃); and ellipsoidal (6.15 ± 0.7℃). The ΔAT values under pileate and ellipsoidal canopy shapes exhibited statistically significant differences among the four heights (<em>P</em> ˂ 0.05). In terms of human thermal comfort, the ΔPhysiological equivalent temperature (PET)_1.5 values for the pyramidal, spherical, pileate, and ellipsoidal canopy shapes were observed as 11.01℃, 18.01℃, 18.7℃, and 16.04℃ respectively. Therefore, we recommend using species with pileate, spherical, and ellipsoidal canopies with a high leaf area index for urban trees. Our study quantified the vertical gradient cooling effects of individual trees and demonstrates how tree morphological characteristics influence the microclimate and human thermal comfort, providing a valuable reference for urban forestry planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening streets, gaining insights: Unpacking resident perceptions of urban greening","authors":"Chaeri Kim ,&nbsp;Aida D. Arik","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the world becomes more urbanized, the need for managing urban stormwater runoff has increased. Cities are increasingly adopting green infrastructure (GI), such as rain gardens and street trees, to capture and treat stormwater on-site more cost-effectively than traditional gray infrastructure, such as sewers and pipes, which are designed to convey stormwater to nearby waterbodies. In addition to managing stormwater, GI offers co-benefits, including improved air quality, reduced heat, and enhanced neighborhood aesthetics. Streets are often a primary target for GI implementation, as they comprise a large portion of impervious surfaces in urban areas. Previous studies suggest that increasing public awareness of GI benefits can boost support for such projects, encourage participation, and even influence behavior change. However, misunderstanding or a lack of awareness about GI can create additional barriers, amplifying public concerns and hindering implementation progress. Addressing these misconceptions and understanding public concerns are critical steps in overcoming potential obstacles to support. This study synthesizes literature on anticipated co-benefits from GI and investigates general perceptions toward GI on streets and factors in influencing perception, the specific benefits and concerns that are valued, as well as how these relate to familiarity with GI or environmental awareness. We conducted resident surveys in two cities, New York City and Philadelphia, that have implemented GI on streets since around the 2010s. The results suggest that understanding the purpose of GI can increase both awareness of its benefits and doubts about its potential concerns. The findings imply that effective community communication, which clearly explains the benefits provided and addresses concerns, can better foster public support for GI. This study provides valuable insights for urban planners and GI practitioners, offering a more nuanced understanding to guide the development of targeted community engagement and education strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed training sample-based spectral unmixing analysis for improving fractional abundance estimation of Detroit landscape endmembers using Landsat images","authors":"Shu Chen ,&nbsp;Guangxing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xu ,&nbsp;Zidu Ouyang ,&nbsp;Ruopu Li ,&nbsp;Jonathan W Remo ,&nbsp;John W. Groninger ,&nbsp;David J. Gibson","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of mixed pixels in medium spatial resolution images impedes the accuracy improvement of extracting information of city landscape land use and land cover (LULC) types through image-based classification. Spectral unmixing of images provides the potential for improving accuracy of the information. However, spectral variability of endmembers limits the capacity of traditional pure training sample-based spectral unmixing methods. To overcome this gap, we proposed a novel mixed training sample-based spectral unmixing method in which the spectral reflectance matrix is estimated using randomly drawn training samples instead of subjectively selected so-called pure pixels. The proposed method was validated in Detroit city landscape to estimate fractional abundances of water, tree, urban and grass using 2010 Landsat images and aerial photographs through comparison of four spectral unmixing methods including multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 400 subjectively selected pure training samples, 400 randomly drawn mixed training samples and 400 validation samples. The results showed that 1) The proposed methods significantly outperformed the traditional pure training sample-based methods (p &lt; 5 %) in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean residual and absolute mean residual, with reduction of RMSE by 13.4 % for MLR, 14.4 % for RF, 25.6 % for ANN and 29.5 % for CNN; 2) The CNN-based spectral unmixing with the mixed training samples had the most accurate estimates, and the machine learning (ML)-based spectral unmixing methods (RF, ANN and CNN) led to significantly more accurate estimates than the MLR; and 3) With the mixed training samples, there were no statistically significant differences of absolute mean residuals among the ML-based methods. Therefore, this study provides potential to improve estimation of endmember fractional abundances for spectral unmixing of medium spatial resolution images for large city landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128786"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal trunk pathogens and drought stress are serious threats to London plane (Platanus x hispanica) trees in northern Italy","authors":"Guglielmo Lione ,&nbsp;Vladimiro Guarnaccia ,&nbsp;Alina Veronica Martiniuc ,&nbsp;Giorgio Costa ,&nbsp;Pier Mario Travaglia ,&nbsp;Paolo Gonthier","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sudden diebacks and the mortality of London plane (<em>Platanus x hispanica</em>) trees have been investigated at two sites in northern Italy over several years. The main objective of this study was to test whether the observed syndrome was caused by fungal trunk pathogens whose virulence was triggered by drought. Seventy-six trees were inspected for several disease symptoms. The fungi associated with the symptoms were isolated and identified through macro-micromorphological and/or molecular methods, including multilocus phylogenetic analyses of relevant DNA loci. Overall, 1352 fungal isolates were obtained and assigned to 33 morphotypes and 24 species. The most prevalent fungal family associated with symptomatic tissues was <em>Botryosphaeriaceae</em> (51 % of isolates), followed by <em>Diaporthaceae</em> (11 %). Pathogenicity tests on healthy five-year-old London planes for the most common <em>Neofusicoccum parvum</em> species revealed that 60 % of isolates caused necrotic lesions of different size (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and this was interpreted as virulence diversity. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on five <em>Botryophaeriaceae</em> species and <em>Seiridium aquaticum</em> (<em>Pestalotiopsidaceae</em>) under two irrigation regimes. All the tested isolates were re-isolated thereby fulfilling one of Koch's postulates, but <em>Diplodia seriata</em>, <em>Dothiorella iberica</em> and <em>S. aquaticum</em> isolates were not pathogenic under the test conditions, regardless of the irrigation regime. Instead, <em>Diplodia mutila</em> and <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> isolates, and virulent strains of <em>N. parvum</em> were pathogenic, irrespective of the irrigation regime, and their virulence was significantly increased on drought-stressed trees. The results indicate a clear role of fungal trunk pathogens and drought stress, the latter being further supported by climate analyses, in the onset of the syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128787"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the environmental implications of phytoremediation in urban settings: A review of the integration of life cycle assessment and ecosystem services approaches","authors":"Lidia Favaretto ,&nbsp;Benedetto Rugani ,&nbsp;Carlo Calfapietra ,&nbsp;Massimo Labra ,&nbsp;Werther Guidi Nissim","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) such as phytoremediation are gaining particular attention as a sustainable approach for remediating contaminated land and for the redevelopment of critical areas such as urban brownfields. Beyond soil remediation, these solutions can offer multiple benefits in the form of Ecosystem Services (ES), helping mitigate other important urban issues such as the heat island effect or air pollution. The balance between impacts and benefits can be quantitatively assessed combining industrial ecology tools like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with the ES evaluation, but the integration of these approaches remains limited. This review focuses on phytoremediation solutions for urban settings and aims to understand how LCA is applied in this specific field, highlighting potential gaps in the integration with the ES evaluation. A systematic literature search resulted in the analysis of 13 studies published between 2010 and 2024. The results show that LCA is a useful tool in the quantitative assessments of this GRO, but efforts should be made to broaden the types of ES considered in the analysis. Moreover, a phytomanagement perspective should be applied, considering the post-remediation effects on the overall impacts-benefits estimation and thus providing decision-makers with a comprehensive tool for sustainable planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128788"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban green space vegetation height modeling and intelligent classification based on UAV multi-spectral and oblique high-resolution images","authors":"Ronghua Li ,&nbsp;Zhican Bai ,&nbsp;Chao Ye ,&nbsp;Sergey Ablameyko ,&nbsp;Shiping Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green space (UGS) vegetation plays an important role in mitigating the urban heat island effect by improving the environment and quality of life. Hence, there is a dire necessity for urban planning and management to precisely obtain the spatial distribution and structural information employing high-resolution data. Nevertheless, the limitations of remote sensing (RS) data and the complexity of urban landscapes pose significant challenges, so this study aims to introduce a method to classify UGS vegetation more precisely by integrating high spatial resolution multi-spectral and oblique photography images captured by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A novel canopy height model (CHM) method is proposed to generate UGS vegetation information for urban areas while addressing the errors associated with traditional approaches in estimating non-ground vegetation heights, achieving a total Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.17 m and an overall accuracy of 95.03 %. The proposed UGS mapping method combines spectral features, canopy height information, vegetation indices (VIs), and texture features to evaluate the impact of various characteristics on classification accuracy. The obtained experimental results show that by incorporating canopy height information classification accuracy is significantly improved and achieve overall accuracy of 93.82 % and Kappa coefficient of 0.91. Moreover, the proposed method not only precisely reflects the structure and distribution of UGS vegetation by showing specific advantages in complex environments but also offers a new arena for UGS vegetation classification based on the integration of multiple features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128785"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}