Urban Forestry & Urban Greening最新文献

{"title":"Urban greenery distribution and its heat mitigation effect on outdoor jogging activities","authors":"Xinyue Gu ,&nbsp;Zhongyu Lai ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Xintao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the threat of urban heat island effect on human health continues to escalate, discussions on how to use landscape vegetation to mitigate high temperatures and improve outdoor thermal comfort have become important research topics. Although existing studies have explored the relationship between urban greenery and outdoor jogging activities, they are still understudied regarding the nonlinear effect and threshold of green cooling from two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspectives. Therefore, this study uses urban remote sensing and street view images to represent multi-dimensional urban greenery. Then, the InVEST model is used to simulate and calculate the cooling effect produced by green spaces. Finally, the multi-dimensional green indicators, the temperature cooling, and a series of control variables are input into the interpretable machine learning model to explore the relationship with jogging activities. The research reveals significant disparities in urban greenery, cooling effect, and jogging vitality between the city center and suburbs. It found that areas with higher cooling effects and street-scale greenery correlate with increased jogging vitality, highlighting the importance of vertical greening and shading in urban environments. This study can further provide references for the significance of urban landscapes at different scales and help urban managers build more climate-adaptive cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128655"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of hyperspectral LiDAR in individual tree segmentation: A comparative study with multispectral LiDAR","authors":"Ao Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Shi ,&nbsp;Jian Yang ,&nbsp;Bowei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Xingtao Tang ,&nbsp;Jie Du ,&nbsp;Sifu Bi ,&nbsp;Fangfang Qu ,&nbsp;Chengyu Gong ,&nbsp;Wei Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual tree extraction is the basis of obtaining structural parameters of individual tree which will helpful for the inventory, management and protection of urban forest. Single wavelength Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has been widely applied for individual tree segmentation to obtain accurate structural parameters of trees, and it is difficult to segment individual tree of clumped trees. Then, multispectral and hyperspectral LiDAR was developed and used in vegetation remote sensing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to discuss the performance of hyperspectral LiDAR on individual tree segmentation with different tree density. Due to the airborne hyperspectral LiDAR data is lack at present, then the simulated airborne hyperspectral LiDAR was used in this study. Random forest algorithm was used to extract tree point clouds. Spectral information and spatial information of simulated hyperspectral LiDAR were applied in individual tree segmentation based on spectral clustering algorithm. Experimental results showed that F1 scores of multispectral and simulated hyperspectral LiDAR in tree point clouds extraction were 89 % and 94 %, respectively. The detection rate of individual tree segmentation by using multispectral and hyperspectral point data in low (medium, high) tree density were 83.53 % (82.46 %, 66.93 %) and 87.05 % (94.74 %, 87.40 %), respectively. It can be found that integrating spectral information can better extract tree point cloud in complex environments and can efficiently improve the accuracy of individual tree segmentation. Therefore, hyperspectral LiDAR possessed the potential for the individual tree segmentation in high tree density region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of urban green spaces and maintenance regimes on flora and fauna diversity","authors":"Yun Hye Hwang,&nbsp;Chun Liang Tan,&nbsp;Yijun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are an important source of food and shelter for urban fauna. This study aims to explore the relationship between maintenance intensity and biodiversity in UGSs found in Singapore. A total of seven parks and six streetscapes were surveyed for their flora and fauna composition. Results showed a high variety of vegetation types in the surveyed UGSs. The diversity of aculeate hymenopterans, butterflies and birds were all influenced by different landscape compositions and configurations. Spontaneous vegetation influenced aculeate hymenopterans as well as butterfly species diversity for both parks and streetscapes. Spontaneous vegetation was observed to increase probable number of species of aculeate hymenopterans (R² = 0.2705), butterfly species (R² = 0.4479), as well as bird species found in parks (R² = 0.4398). Compared to planted vegetation, spontaneous vegetation was observed to have more influence on the probable number of probable bird species found in parks. Flora and fauna succession over was projected over a 10-year period, based on varying maintenance intensities. UGSs with high maintenance intensities to begin with tend to benefit more from higher flora and fauna diversity from a reduction in maintenance in the long run. As maintenance intensity decreases, the amount of spontaneous vegetation in UGSs will increase, adding to the flora and fauna diversity. Findings from this study can be used to inform design and planning for future urban green spaces to preserve and promote biodiversity, such as allocating more spaces within parks to promote natural growth of planted and spontaneous vegetation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128678"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an artificial intelligence model for CFD data augmentation and improvement of thermal environment in urban areas using nature-based solutions","authors":"Junghyeon Ahn ,&nbsp;Jaekyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Junsuk Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heatwaves have a significant impact on urban areas, driving efforts to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect through green infrastructure and sustainable planning. By integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with digital twin technology, this study evaluates the effectiveness of climate adaptation infrastructures in urban areas. However, applying digital twin technology for UHI analysis and integrating data into actionable insights faces challenges due to long simulation times and focus of analysis. This study aimed to mitigate the societal impacts of urban heat islands and address the gaps in existing research and technology. A new machine learning model was developed to improve the urban thermal environment by optimizing green spaces and combating urban heat islands in densely populated cities, by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin technology. Combining the strengths of Random Forest and XGBoost, the model was trained and tested on a dataset derived from CFD simulations to identify effective strategies for urban green spaces allocation. The primary results of the study are divided into three parts. First, a high-precision model for data augmentation and green space optimization was developed using machine learning. Second, the developed model reduced the time required for CFD simulation analysis from over 400,000 h to less than 1 h. Finally, the study found that the strategic placement of green spaces could result in approximately 1 % of the total urban area temperature. The results highlight the importance of strategic planning in the distribution of urban green space for effective mitigation of heat islands. The proposed model can be used as an efficient tool for sustainable urban development and is consistent with the overall goal of creating more livable and climate-resilient cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128629"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices for designing resilient urban ecosystems through native species restoration","authors":"Aaron N. Sexton ,&nbsp;Kane A. Lawhorn","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban ecosystems provide a range of services that will become increasingly important in the coming decades as urban populations grow and urban areas intensify. Restoration and maintenance of these ecosystems is vital to the promotion of biodiversity conservation, human-nature interactions, and buffering against the effects of climate change. It is therefore crucial we design these urban ecosystems to be resilient to both climate change and urban stressors. The novelty of urban ecosystems, and their unique constraints and stressors, means that they require unique management and design practices than those used for conventional restorations in natural environments. Additionally, these novel urban ecosystems lack an analogous ecosystem to which comparisons can be made, which makes quantifying restoration success difficult. As such, ecological resilience—the maintenance of rich communities dominated by native species—becomes a more meaningful metric of success for urban restorations. Here, we propose a suite of management strategies designed to promote urban ecological resilience. Specifically, we focus on species pool selection, genetic input, landscape connectivity, and management regimes. While these considerations are important in all ecosystem restorations, these processes play an outsized role in urban ecosystems due to their unique pressures including heightened invasion pressure, depleted native seed pools, high degrees of landscape fragmentation and socio-economic constraints. By focusing on ecosystem resiliency, urban habitat restorations can be maintained with decreased long-term costs, increased biodiversity conservation, and improved human health and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and habitat determinants of small-mammal biodiversity in urban green areas: Lessons for nature-based solutions","authors":"Olivia Dondina ,&nbsp;Pietro Tirozzi ,&nbsp;Andrea Viviano ,&nbsp;Emiliano Mori ,&nbsp;Valerio Orioli ,&nbsp;Nicola Tommasi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Tanzi ,&nbsp;Lisa Bazzoli ,&nbsp;Enrico Caprio ,&nbsp;Corinna Patetta ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Pastore ,&nbsp;Luciano Bani ,&nbsp;Leonardo Ancillotto","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an increasingly anthropogenic world, urban green areas are critical for human well-being because of the ecosystem services they offer. However, the management of these areas often prioritizes economic, architectural, and esthetic needs over ecological functionality, undermining the benefits they ought to provide. Actions to restore the functional ecological processes of urban green areas have thus become increasingly urgent. This study investigated the impact of urban green area characteristics on the community composition of an indicator animal group to inform Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) for urban biodiversity and sustainability enhancement. We analyzed data on small mammal community composition from three Italian metropolitan cities (Milan, Florence, and Rome), focusing on the distribution pattern of synanthropic and non-synanthropic species. Small mammal surveys were carried out using hair tubes in sampled areas located along a gradient of green area size and fragmentation. Multiple Linear Mixed Models assessed the influence of spatial and habitat green area characteristics on species richness. Synanthropic species richness was positively associated with manicured urban parks, while non-synanthropic species richness was higher in woodland green areas characterized by high shrub cover. Through a Linear Mixed Model and NODF-based Nestedness analyses, we found that competitive exclusion and selective extinction/colonization processes did not significantly influence community composition. These insights emphasize the major influence of habitat composition in supporting functional communities of urban small mammals. To move toward resilient urban ecosystems, NBSs must primarily be implemented at a local scale by creating green patches with high habitat quality, and secondarily, they should be embedded in an interconnected and functional network at a city scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interactive effects of greenspace morphology and air pollutant on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A comparative analysis between urban and rural areas in China","authors":"Fangyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Xie ,&nbsp;Kui Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB), particularly pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), remains a major public health issue in China. It ranks as the second-leading cause of infectious disease mortality in China. Previous studies have documented the impacts of particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) and greenspace on TB outcomes independently. However, the interaction effects between greenspace morphology and PM_2.5 on TB risk, especially across urban and rural contexts, remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using data from 42,331 PTB patients in Zhejiang Province between 2015 and 2019. Our objective was to explore the influence of greenspace morphology on PTB treatment success in relation to PM_2.5, with a specific emphasis on elucidating urban–rural disparities. The results revealed a significant interaction between greenspace morphology and PM_2.5. This interaction impacted PTB treatment success differently across urban and rural settings at varying spatial scales. Specifically, in urban areas, while greenspace morphologies did not exhibit significant effects at the community level, the percentage of greenspace and the mean area at the block level significantly influenced PTB treatment success. Conversely, in rural areas, all types of greenspace morphologies showed significant effects at the community level, except for the mean area, which was not significant at the block level. To enhance the treatment success of PTB patients, we recommended increasing the number of greenspaces at the community level while also improving their size at the block level in urban areas. In rural areas, efforts should focus on maintaining favorable greenspace morphologies (except for mean area) at the community level and enhancing them while simultaneously reducing PM_2.5 levels at the block level. These findings not only highlight the importance of mitigating health inequities between urban and rural areas, but also provide insights for developing targeted greenspace strategies aimed at promoting successful PTB treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A general allometric model for urban vines to estimate above-ground biomass","authors":"Qiuyu Tao ,&nbsp;Han Sun ,&nbsp;Dayong Fan ,&nbsp;Xiangping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vines play an important role in urban vertical greening, while there is no practical method to estimate above-ground biomass of urban vines. Allometric equation is an effective approach for non-destructive estimation of biomass. However, due to lacking mechanical support tissue, vines may have distinctive allometric laws which existing allometric equations derived from self-supporting plants may not be applicable. Here, we collected 259 branches from 12 different species of urban vines to analyze the allometric relationships by standard major axis (SMA). We also built mixed-effect models and used ANOVA to investigate the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on these allometric relationships. Our results showed that leaf-stem biomass partition scaling allometric relationships of vine branches were stable and there was little significant difference among species and life forms, which showing strong biophysical constraints and supporting the predictions of theoretical allometry model such as metabolic scaling theory (MST). Almost all the biotic and abiotic factors have no significant effect on the exponents of diameter-leaf/stem biomass allometric relationships while only had weak effects on constants. Based on these results, we proposed a series of generalized equations to estimate above-ground biomass of common urban vines. Considering our finding that vines exhibit robust biophysical constraints and phylogenetic niche conservatism, which are hardly being affected by environmental factors, the utilization of general allometric equations may be a highly promising method to predict above-ground biomass of urban vines in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the vulnerability of urban tree species to climate change: The case study of Lisbon gardens","authors":"Ana Raquel Cunha ,&nbsp;Ana Luísa Soares ,&nbsp;Sílvia Catarino ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Duarte ,&nbsp;Maria M. Romeiras","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate the effects of climate change on urban green spaces, adaptive strategies are required, particularly regarding tree species. Lisbon is a most vulnerable city to extreme climate events and the performance and management of the numerous and diverse trees found in its gardens and parks are of much concern. We evaluated the vulnerability of such trees to predicted future Lisbon climates using the Climate Assessment Tool (Climate Change Alliance of Botanic Gardens, 2024) and inventories from 63 historical gardens and parks, including three botanical gardens. With the extensive information of the latter we: (i) identified and classified the species according to biogeographical origins; (ii) pinpointed those most vulnerable to, or favoured by climate change; and (iii) assessed the vulnerability of each studied site, according to the species present, their risk level and abundance. Among the selected 318 taxa (corresponding to 19,579 trees), the Palaearctic biogeographical region predominates. The highest risk levels were found in 50 % (77 %, for the most pessimistic climate scenario) of the Palaearctic species, which include many native taxa. Conversely, about 56 % of the Neotropical species are predicted to perform better under the worst climate change scenario. Only one of the ten most abundant tree species in Lisbon – <em>Jacaranda mimosifolia</em> – might remain invulnerable. Management plans for most Lisbon green spaces must therefore reexamine the use of Palaearctic species and tackle challenging adjustments, including the gradual replacement of familiar species (increasingly more difficult to maintain) by others with better performance under future climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 128664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of trade-offs between urban forest ecosystem services and disservices: A case study of Canberra, Australia","authors":"Baige Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban greening initiatives are increasingly integrated into urban planning and climate change strategies, offering multiple benefits to residents. Despite growing advocacy for incorporating diverse stakeholder preferences and concerns into policy-making processes, there remains a knowledge gap about differences in perceptions between decision-makers and other stakeholders. Using Canberra, Australia, as a case study, this research explores the perceptions of policymakers and key stakeholder groups regarding urban forest ecosystem services (ESs), ecosystem disservices (EDs), and associated trade-offs through analysing legislative instruments, policy documents, and stakeholder submissions. The findings reveal that while legislation exhibits a high level of cohesiveness, policy documents and stakeholder submissions prioritise ESs variably. Notwithstanding generally shared acknowledgement of the urban forest’s importance, perceptions of key stakeholder groups about ESs, EDs and trade-offs differed, and from those of policymakers, in some key respects. The disparities are mainly attributed to the different scales at which urban forests are perceived, and divergent value orientations among stakeholders. Results suggest that policymakers can draw from the differing perceptions to inform decisions at both city-wide and neighbourhood levels. However, making informed choices about trade-offs requires careful consideration of multiple policy objectives and the diverse values of stakeholders. More proactive engagement with key stakeholders in the policy-making process could foster a consistent and comprehensive understanding of, and response to, these diverse perceptions. These results from Canberra underscore the benefits of more inclusive approaches to the development of urban greening strategies, to achieve more socially-sustainable outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 128711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}