Urban Forestry & Urban Greening最新文献

{"title":"Temporal variation in travel greenery across 86 cities in Europe","authors":"Robert Klein ,&nbsp;Elias Willberg ,&nbsp;Silviya Korpilo ,&nbsp;Tuuli Toivonen","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The positive impacts of urban greenery on human health and wellbeing are well documented in scholarly literature. The focus has mostly been on residential greenery or availability and access to recreational green spaces. The importance of greenery in travel environments has received much less attention. Furthermore, little consideration has been given to temporal dynamics, although research suggests that greenery benefits are not uniformly distributed over different seasons or daytimes. In this study, we aimed to fill these knowledge gaps by systematically assessing travel and residential greenery in 86 European cities. Moreover, we quantified the impact of seasonality and variation in daytime length by using an open data approach at the pan-European level. First, we compared travel and residential greenery using monthly NDVI composites derived from high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. In addition, we explored the temporal dynamics of greenery and adjusted NDVI values accordingly. The results demonstrated that travel environments have significantly lower greenery levels than residential environments in European cities. Overall, we found a latitudinal gradient from low to high travel greenery in southern Europe compared to Nordic cities. The findings also indicated that accounting for temporal variations, especially in northeastern Europe, has significant impact on the measured availability of travel greenery. We conclude that travel environment greenery and temporal variations should not be overlooked in exposure studies because they can lead to a biased understanding of greenery availability and related spatial disparities. Our findings can therefore serve as a methodological and policy benchmark for greening goals in European cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How much carbon can shrubs store? Measurements and analyses from Finland","authors":"Taika Tommila ,&nbsp;Outi Tahvonen ,&nbsp;Matti Kuittinen","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere is essential to combating climate change. Many cities have set ambitious carbon neutrality goals, highlighting the significance of urban vegetation as a carbon sink. Integrating urban vegetation into the urban form involves a multi-stage decision-making process, with planning and design playing a key role in the determination of space allocation and plant species selection. While carbon-smart design decisions are often based on emission databases and environmental product declarations (EPD), comprehensive data for urban vegetation is lacking. This study aims to assess carbon stocks in urban shrubs of Finland using dry-weight measurements. The measurements involve separating above- and below-ground parts of shrubs and assessing size indices (SIs). The results indicate species-specific differences in the proportion of root mass to total biomass. Furthermore, the below-ground biomass of plants spreading through sucking rhizome networks cannot be predicted by the size index. Although SIs do not directly describe below-ground biomass, they can predict the total dry weight. Generalising the data to shrub size categories provides an understanding of carbon stocks, but further research is essential, particularly for the process of implementing vegetation in urban settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sacred sites provide urban green spaces that maintain bird diversity in the megacity of Tokyo, Japan","authors":"Kota Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Kazuhide Nakajima ,&nbsp;Mutsumi Ito ,&nbsp;Mayura B. Takada","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green spaces in cities are thought to play an important role in maintaining urban biodiversity. However, it is difficult to create large new areas of green space in big cities. Therefore, existing green spaces need to be conserved and properly managed to conserve urban biodiversity. In big Japanese cities, sacred sites such as shrines, temples, and historic parks are some of the common types of green space. In addition to their role as religious spaces, they may also play an important role in urban biodiversity conservation because of their function as long-term reserves of natural vegetation. In this study, we examined the function of shrines, temples, and historic parks in Bunkyo ward, Tokyo, in maintaining bird diversity by comparing them with urban parks. In addition, a vegetation survey was conducted to identify environmental factors that affect bird diversity, and differences in the bird species observed in each type of green space are discussed. The heterogeneity of bird species composition between study sites was higher among shrines and temples than among urban parks. Forest bird abundance was higher during the breeding season and bird species richness was higher in winter at shrines and temples and historic parks than in urban parks. Bird diversity was positively affected by the abundance of shrubs and evergreen trees. We found that sacred sites were more important than urban parks for maintaining bird diversity. The results also suggested that differences in vegetation structure are a cause of this pattern, and small green spaces in the grounds of sacred sites are managed in a way that is more suitable for maintaining bird diversity. However, shrines and temples, despite their strong historical and cultural value, are threatened by recent urbanization. It is necessary to maintain and properly manage these green spaces as part of urban ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renaturalisation and natural rewilding of the Manzanares river in Madrid, Spain: Mapping recreation potential and actual use","authors":"Marta Suárez ,&nbsp;Ana Paula García-Nieto ,&nbsp;Erik Gómez-Baggethun ,&nbsp;Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanisation has impaired the capacity of urban rivers to provide ecosystem services. In the last decades, many river restoration projects have been carried out worldwide with the objective of recovering ecological integrity and the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services. In this paper we analyse the impact of the renaturalisation of the Manzanares river in Madrid, Spain, in the attractiveness of the surrounding green space for outdoor recreation. Two complementary mapping methodologies, ESTIMAP-recreation model and public participation geographical information systems (PPGIS), were used to analyse recreation potential and actual use. The results show that the renaturalisation of the river has improved ecological quality as well as recreational attractiveness, increasing the capacity to provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Both methodologies produce complementary results. The areas close to the river are those with the highest recreation potential. However, actual use is not only conditioned by recreation potential but also by proximity to the place of residence, accessibility, security, and other landscape characteristics that could not be captured by ESTIMAP model, such as sense of place. We conclude that even in highly modified urban rivers, renaturalisation with low-cost actions can highly improve the capacity to provide ecosystem services and recommend using complementary methodologies to capture the diversity of user preferences for outdoor recreation to design urban green spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A detection of street trees and green space: Understanding contribution of urban trees to climate change mitigation","authors":"Xihong Lian ,&nbsp;Limin Jiao ,&nbsp;Zejin Liu ,&nbsp;Qiqi Jia ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Yaolin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban trees are important for adapting to climate change; however, the absence of fine-grained data describing the distribution of urban tree crown cover and carbon stocks hinders recognition of the contribution of urban systems to climate change mitigation. Here, we present an approach for extracting fine-grained tree crown cover by coupling the Segment Anything Model and vegetation indices using Google Earth imagery with a spatial resolution of 0.298 m. We estimated the aboveground biomass of tree-covered regions in Wuhan, representative of China's urbanization, using multi-source remote sensing data and machine-learning techniques. We show that tree crown cover accounts for 18.86 % of the study area, implying that the nationwide proportion of urban trees probably represents 1.88–2.69 % of the total forested area. Tree growth in urban regions remains reasonably stable owing to the high level of human management, with a 60–86 Mg C ha⁻¹ carbon density of aboveground biomass in the tree-covered region in Wuhan. Street trees at specific distances from infrastructure represented an average level of aboveground biomass, whereas urban trees at relatively distant locations were the dominant contributors to aboveground biomass. Our study highlights the carbon stocks of urban trees and the various mechanisms that indirectly influence carbon emissions, representing a potentially promising nature-based solution. We recommend enhancing the socio-ecological characteristics of urban systems to address future climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban street tree species identification and factor interpretation model based on natural images","authors":"Ziyang Li ,&nbsp;Huan Tao ,&nbsp;Yongjian Huai ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban street trees bring the beautiful ecological environment for human beings, but also may harm human health. Tree pollen is an important allergen that causes people to suffer from asthma and rhinitis, causing a serious medical burden. In order to protect human health and reduce medical costs, urban street trees need to be accurately identified. However, the identification of the urban street tree is influenced by the natural image (images with light intensity, season and shooting conditions), tree characteristics and identification models. To solve the problem, we proposed an interpretation model for identifying tree from natural images, named Ev2S_SHAP. Then, we applied the method to explain the influence of environmental and leaf factors on tree recognition and the identification accuracy. The open-source natural image dataset of urban street tree with complex situations such as different angles, distances, light, and times was used as the research object to verify the proposed tree identification model. The results showed that the overall evaluation of the identification results for 50 tree species: recall, precision, accuracy, and F1 score were 98.12 %, 98.18 %, 98.11 %, and 98.13 %, respectively. The identification accuracy of deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, deciduous <em>trees</em>, and evergreen <em>trees</em> was 98.85 %, 98.47 %, 98.76 %, and 96.38 %, respectively. Complex lights and angles, long-range shooting, and winter conditions weakened the extraction of leaf features and were not conducive to the identification of tree species. Leaf shape characteristics had important influence on tree species identification. The effects of circularity, minimum circumcircle, and perimeter on tree identification accounted for 94.36 %, 75.61 %, and 69.12 %, respectively. Circularity was positively correlated to the identification contribution of elliptic leaf species, but opposite to that of lanceolate leaf species. The perimeter contributed positively correlated to the identification of lanceolate leaf species, but the minimum circumcircle was negatively. The Ev2S-SHAP effectively improved the identification accuracy of tree species. The study provides an innovative method for identifying and interpreting tree species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of residential green spaces for birds: A comparative study with urban parks of different scales","authors":"Lei Dong ,&nbsp;Qian Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenkai Sun ,&nbsp;Jianan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Ding ,&nbsp;Dexian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Habitat loss, fragmentation and land-use change caused by the continued expansion of human settlements pose a threat to global biodiversity. Residential green spaces (RGs) are widespread throughout urban areas, providing benefits to human health and well-being and opportunities to conserve biodiversity. While RGs are fragmented by buildings and frequent human activities, little is known about their ability to support and conserve biodiversity relative to that of urban parks. To assess the ability of these green spaces to support biodiversity, we compared the bird species diversity, community composition, and influencing factors in RGs with those in urban parks of different scales. Our results revealed that, similar to medium-sized urban parks, RGs are associated with high bird species richness and abundance. Distance from waterbodies was the only common factor affecting bird species richness in RGs and urban parks. Moreover, RGs were favoured by native birds and urban dwellers, and the bird communities in RGs differed from those in urban parks. The results demonstrated that RGs can provide opportunities for bird conservation and serve as the most convenient place for humans to interact with animals in nature. We recommend that urban planners and managers consider blue–green spaces and habitat construction to improve bird diversity within residential areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unirrigated extensive green roofs in humid subtropics – Plant selection and substrate design for low maintenance and climate resilience","authors":"Ying Xu,&nbsp;Zhongtang Liao,&nbsp;Jialin Liu,&nbsp;Can Liu,&nbsp;Yufei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-maintenance extensive green roofs hold the potential for adapting to climate change, but there is a limited understanding of their effective design in humid subtropical regions. In this study, we aimed to investigate low-maintenance green roof ecosystems capable of thriving under heat stress. Plant growth performance was evaluated in the second year of an experimental green roof in southwest China. This green roof was unirrigated and involved two plant communities (forbs and grasses) cultivated in four substrate types. Metrics of growth performance, including plant survival, green coverage, visual appearance, leaf stomatal conductance, and substrate volumetric water content were used to analyze the impact of substrate on plant growth. ESP substrate, comprising 30 %v (percent of volume) expanded shale, 25 %v perlite, 25 %v vermiculite, and 20 %v compost, featured the highest porosity and optimal growth of forbs, achieving an average green coverage of 66.76 % and average visual appearance value of 3.56 throughout the monitoring period. The high total porosity of this substrate could be critical in facilitating root development and drainage. Moreover, during the summer’s heat and drought, while substrate water content is not a limiting factor for the survival of some established forbs, it remains crucial for the growth of grasses. Additionally, the same substrate impacts different plant communities variably. Four particularly well-performing forb species, namely <em>Lycoris chinensis</em>, <em>Tradescantia pallida</em>, <em>Liriope muscari</em>, and <em>Salvia farinacea</em>, demonstrated survival rates closed to 100 % and an average visual appearance value exceeding 3 was noted, and thus, they are recommended as plant candidates for unirrigated green roofs. The distinguished performance of these species is attributable to their adaptation to heat and drought through specific physiological traits. Our findings provide insights into vegetation selection and substrate optimization for the successful establishment of extensive green roofs that could be feasibly developed without irrigation in the humid subtropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity, travel, and park visitation in 10 US metro areas: A smartphone mobility study","authors":"Angela Rout ,&nbsp;Lorien Nesbitt","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban planners and urban forestry researchers use various methods to evaluate how well different populations access the benefits of parks, often by assessing park distribution in relation to the social and economic conditions of surrounding neighbourhoods. However, without precise visitation data, it remains unclear whether proximity to parks translates into actual use. This study analyses the social and spatial factors influencing park visitation using real-world data across multiple urban and ecological contexts. We utilised smartphone mobility to capture visitation counts for over 14,000 parks across 10 US metropolitan areas, representing populations from more than 26,000 census block groups (CBGs). By integrating census data with spatial models, we examined the relationships between park visitation, proximity of parks to visitors' home neighbourhoods, and socio-economic variables such as race and ethnicity. Our analysis revealed that park visitation increases with proximity to visitors' home neighbourhoods. We also found positive associations between visitation rates and factors such as population density, median income, and park coverage in visitors' home neighbourhoods. Additionally, we identified significant correlations between park visitation and the racial and ethnic composition of these neighbourhoods. These findings confirm the assumption that closer proximity to parks enhances visitation rates. We recommend that park visitation data be considered alongside distributional analyses when planning for park accessibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying climate-ready plant for urban environment: Integrating machine learning with traditional plant selection tools","authors":"Maini Chen,&nbsp;Anrong Dang,&nbsp;Xiangyu Li,&nbsp;Jingxiong Huang,&nbsp;Yang Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has intensified the urban heat island effect and increased extreme weather conditions, posing risks to public health and urban vegetation. To address these challenges, selecting climate-ready urban plant species is crucial. Traditional climate niche-based methods often fall short in urban contexts due to neglecting anthropogenic factors. Our study addresses this research gap by introducing an innovative urban plant selection method that integrates vulnerability metrics, expert consensus, and plant introduction records through machine learning. We identified eight climatic variables essential for the survival of urban plants in Beijing, China, and established safety margins for eight climate variables of 1070 urban plant species across two periods: the baseline (1981–2010) and the future (2041–2070). Based on existing assessment data, expert consensus and plant introduction records, 247 plant species were classified into three levels of adaptability: backbone (highly adaptable, prevalent in Beijing), general (moderately adaptable, requiring specific care), and maladapted (poorly adaptable). Subsequently, we investigated the dynamic relationship between safety margins for eight climate variables across two time periods and the adaptability levels of plants by constructing an optimal machine learning model to predict urban plant adaptability levels, enhancing its accuracy through model comparisons and hyperparameter tuning. Our findings indicate that nearly half (49.0 %) of the plant species in Beijing may face reduced adaptability to future climate conditions. However, a majority (75.9 %) perform well under baseline climate conditions and are expected to adapt to future climate conditions. The results reaffirm that the species can grow well out of the niche limit, suggesting that the traditional climate niche-based method may be limited in urban contexts. Our approach overcomes the limitations of binary classification of traditional niche-based methods and the neglect of anthropogenic factors by incorporating an urban plant adaptability classification schema and ground truth derived from expert consensus and records of plant introductions through machine learning methods. This study provides a method for selecting climate-ready plant species for urban environments and supports evidence-based urban forestry management amidst climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}