{"title":"Healthy Photography: Social Media Evidence of Emotional Benefits from Bird Photography in Urban Green Spaces","authors":"Jinchu Lu, Zhenhong Yang, Chang li","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129461","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the emotional responses of urban residents engaged in bird photography within different types of green spaces, using large-scale social media data to assess how urban environments influence emotional well-being. With a focus on London, a city rich in both green space diversity and birdlife, this research investigates the relationship between green space characteristics (such as type, area, and bird diversity) and the emotional experiences expressed by bird photographers on platforms like Twitter, Flickr, and Birda. Through the integration of natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), and geospatial analysis, this study applies a multimodal emotion analysis framework to assess emotional valence and arousal. The results show that: (1) Bird photography has a positive effect on emotional restoration, and different types of green spaces significantly influence emotional outcomes. (2) The increase in bird diversity and sighting frequency does not lead to the typically defined positive emotions, but instead promotes a sense of neutrality. (3) The area of green space is not always positively correlated with improved emotional well-being. The study underscores the potential of social media analytics in understanding human–nature interactions and offers novel insights into the emotional benefits of bird photography as a form of \"healthy photography.\"","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147726610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Claude Iradukunda , Anish Sapkota , Zahra Amiri , Amir Verdi
{"title":"Predicting CO2 emissions using UAV spectral and thermal data in urban lawns: A case study of buffalograss and St. Augustinegrass","authors":"Jean Claude Iradukunda , Anish Sapkota , Zahra Amiri , Amir Verdi","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited research has examined the use of remote sensing to estimate carbon emissions in small-scale urban landscapes, such as residential green yards, which this study aims to address. In this research, multispectral and thermal images captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) were employed to estimate CO₂ efflux in two turfgrass species (‘UC Verde’ Buffalograss and ‘A-G’ St. Augustinegrass) grown under three years of varied irrigation treatments at the University of California, Riverside Agriculture Experiment Station in Riverside, California. Field measurements of CO₂ efflux, soil moisture, and temperature were collected in conjunction with UAV imagery. A physics-based model, the Thermal-Optical Trapezoid Model (TOTRAM), was first applied to estimate soil moisture. Subsequently, models developed using both in situ soil moisture and UAV data were compared with those based solely on multispectral and thermal vegetation indices. The TOTRAM model was found to estimate soil moisture with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.07 cm<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>. The highest performance was observed in random forest models that incorporated soil moisture, NDRE, the near-infrared (NIR) band, and canopy temperature, with RMSE values of 3.05 µmol CO₂ m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for models using predicted soil moisture and 2.69 µmol CO₂ m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for models using measured soil moisture, corresponding to a 13 % difference in RMSE between the two models. Lastly, no improvement in performance was observed when models were trained on species-specific data. These findings demonstrate that UAV-based models can be effectively used to predict carbon emissions in small urban green spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna Trummer , Jean Marc Wunderli , Beat Schäffer , Marcel Hunziker , Silvia Tobias , Axel Heusser , Christoph Fischer , Tessa Hegetschweiler
{"title":"The role of visual and acoustical characteristics on forest attractiveness","authors":"Johanna Trummer , Jean Marc Wunderli , Beat Schäffer , Marcel Hunziker , Silvia Tobias , Axel Heusser , Christoph Fischer , Tessa Hegetschweiler","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recreational forests play a vital role for human well-being and recreation. Yet, the role of and interplay between visual and auditory environmental characteristics in forest recreation remain underexplored. This study investigates how multisensory characteristics, particularly visual forest characteristics and the local soundscape, influence perceived forest attractiveness, perceived restfulness, and visit frequency aiming to gain a holistic understanding of forest visitors’ multisensory perceptions of recreational environments. Employing a mixed-method approach, we conducted quantitative surveys with a total of 482 participants and recordings of the local soundscape at 20 study sites across Switzerland's lowlands with high recreational demand, which represent Swiss National Forest Inventory sample plots. Multilevel regression models combining physical forest data, acoustic, psychoacoustic and sound categories (e.g., birdsong, road traffic etc.) obtained from recordings, and survey data revealed that personal characteristics and individual soundscape perceptions accounted for the majority of variance for the three investigated variables. Notably, natural auditory stimuli such as birdsong enhanced perceived visual attractiveness, while anthropogenic sounds (e.g., helicopters, road traffic) significantly diminished restfulness and reduced visit frequency. Ground vegetation features, such as moss and ferns, also positively influenced perceptions, while dense understory and deadwood had negative impacts. The results highlight the importance of subjective, multisensory experience (e.g., perceived soundscape quality) over environmental characteristics and external sounds in shaping forest preferences. The study’s findings further emphasize the importance of integrating soundscape considerations into forest planning to maintain and enhance restorative qualities, as well as the need for holistic, multisensory strategies in recreational forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boris Salak , Johanna Trummer , K. Tessa Hegetschweiler , Marielle Fraefel , Anne C. Wunderlich , Nicole Bauer , Hartmut Troll , Marcel Hunziker
{"title":"Integrating physical and social variables to enhance understanding of urban forestry key-indicators: Insights from a socio-cultural forest monitoring","authors":"Boris Salak , Johanna Trummer , K. Tessa Hegetschweiler , Marielle Fraefel , Anne C. Wunderlich , Nicole Bauer , Hartmut Troll , Marcel Hunziker","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests are vital for enhancing urban life, as they provide environmental benefits and support human well-being. They contribute to cleaner air, cooler cities, and mental and physical health. Yet, despite their importance, little is known about how physical forest features and social perceptions interact to shape the attractiveness of these forests for recreation and well-being. This study addresses this gap by integrating ecological and social perspectives in the context of Switzerland. A nationwide survey (n = 3116) was conducted where respondents were asked to map the forest they visited most frequently and to evaluate their recreation experiences. These spatially explicit participatory GIS data were linked with detailed forest inventory information. Distinct statistical models were developed to explain five indicators of forest use and perception: Reported “Visit frequency”, “General visit satisfaction”, “Perceived visual attractiveness”, satisfaction with “Forest care and management”, and “Self-perceived well-being”. The results show that social and cultural variables explain outcomes far better than physical forest characteristics. The explanatory power of the models ranged from 13 to 40 %, with forest meanings, especially personal connection to forests, emerging as the most important factor. Spatial patterns revealed distinct clusters of high and low values across Switzerland. In particular, differences corresponded with well-known language regions, highlighting the influence of cultural context. Physical access factors, e.g., distance to bus stops, were of little relevance. These findings highlight the decisive role of people’s perceptions, meanings, and cultural background in shaping forest-related experiences. They demonstrate that physical features alone cannot explain how forests are valued and used. By combining social and ecological data, this study offers a model for understanding urban forests that can be applied in other regions. It provides evidence that policy and planning must integrate cultural and social dimensions to improve management, enhance recreational value, and strengthen the role of urban forests in supporting well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129311"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirela Beatriz Silva , Adriano Bressane , Ricardo Almendra , Anna Maria Galvão Carneiro Lyra , Vivian Martins Machado
{"title":"Urban heat riskscape and green injustice: A scoping review of health and environmental impacts","authors":"Mirela Beatriz Silva , Adriano Bressane , Ricardo Almendra , Anna Maria Galvão Carneiro Lyra , Vivian Martins Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban heat intensify health risks and ecological stress, with the greatest burdens falling on populations that lack access to urban green spaces (UGS). While heat exposure is well documented to increase morbidity, mortality, and ecosystem degradation, most studies examine these effects without addressing how unequal UGS provision compounds vulnerability. This scoping review synthesizes peer-reviewed research published between 2015 and 2025 that links urban heat impacts with injustice in green space access. Following Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we identified and analyzed 73 empirical studies across Web of Science, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The evidence shows that older adults, children, migrants, and low-income groups experience disproportionate rates of mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory illness, and thermal stress. Ecological impacts, including canopy loss, biodiversity decline, and weakened climate regulation, were also concentrated in disadvantaged neighborhoods, reinforcing cycles of exposure and vulnerability. These findings position urban heat not simply as climatic processes but as socially structured “riskscapes” that reproduce health inequities and green injustice. Equitable adaptation requires integrating UGS planning with public health priorities and justice frameworks. Research gaps remain, particularly in Global South contexts and in studies capturing the lived experiences of vulnerable groups, underscoring the need for more inclusive and comparative approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extreme weather events pose large impacts on urban trees: Freezing rain events as an example","authors":"Wei Liu , Xihong Lian , Zejin Liu , Limin Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming increases the frequency of extreme weather events, resulting in greater risks to urban ecosystems. Among such events, freezing rain events have received little attention despite their significant impact on urban trees. Previous research lacked the spatiotemporal resolution to separate event-driven damage from seasonal variation and to capture fine-scale urban landscape variation. This study developed an integrated framework combining multi-index remote sensing and machine learning to assess the impacts of the February 2024 freezing rain events in Wuhan. The results revealed that freezing rain events led to a 49.88 % decline in the composite vegetation index (CVI) and affected 95.10 % of tree-covered areas. Aboveground biomass (AGB) loss reached 0.09 Mg/ha, equivalent to 1.43 times the normal seasonal variation. Greater tree damage occurred in regions with denser tree cover. In addition, broad-leaved evergreens experienced more pronounced damage relative to evergreen conifers and deciduous species. These findings underscore the need for targeted management strategies, including species selection and zoning-based planning, to enhance urban forest resilience against future freezing rain events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eline Rega , Kelly Wittemans , Melissa K. Lee , Raf Aerts , Valerie Dewaelheyns , Ben Somers
{"title":"The urban green equity index: A supply-demand framework for evaluating health-relevant urban green space equity","authors":"Eline Rega , Kelly Wittemans , Melissa K. Lee , Raf Aerts , Valerie Dewaelheyns , Ben Somers","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equitable access to urban green spaces (UGS) is important for public health, yet spatial assessments often focus only on equal availability and accessibility. Health benefits, however, arise when supply is aligned with population-specific needs, calling for a shift toward equity-based assessments that explicitly link supply and demand. To address this, we introduce the Urban Green Equity Index (UGEI), a multidimensional framework designed to evaluate UGS equity based on health-relevant supply and demand factors. The UGEI integrates multiple aspects of supply - quantity, entrance-based accessibility, and ecological and structural quality of diverse UGS types - with demand indicators reflecting socio-economic and environmental conditions that shape health-related needs. Applied to Flanders, Belgium, the UGEI moves beyond city-scale, park-only assessments by combining regional coverage with fine-grained resolution (20 × 20 m for supply; 100 × 100 m for demand). Using both a composite index and a bivariate choropleth map, we show its ability to reveal spatial mismatches across scales, from broad regional inequities to neighborhood-level disparities. To illustrate its policy relevance, we further test the UGEI against the Belgian Index of Multiple Deprivation. Regression analyses reveal significant associations between green inequity and multiple forms of disadvantage, including health deprivation, consistent with the notion that benefits arise where provision meets socially embedded needs. This application underscores the UGEI’s value as a transferable, evidence-based tool to detect underserved areas across diverse contexts and policy goals, link environmental and health inequities, and guide targeted interventions for maximum impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is going out more frequently better than staying longer? Evidence from urban green space use and prosocial behavior among young working adults in China","authors":"Ying Jin, Wenwu Dai, Qiuyi Li, Zhihui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing recognition of the health-supporting functions of urban green spaces (UGS) has not been matched by sufficient attention to young working adults in China, who remain underrepresented in both research and planning practices. Their limited engagement with UGS raises important considerations for social health, for which prosocial behavior is a key indicator. This study employs both variable-centered and person-centered approaches to investigate how the frequency and duration of UGS use are associated with prosocial behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of sense of control. A sample of 568 participants completed standardized measures of UGS use, sense of control, and prosocial behavior. Variable-centered analyses showed that both frequency and duration were positively associated with prosocial behavior, and that sense of control mediated these associations, with frequency additionally showing a direct association with prosocial behavior. Person-centered analyses revealed three user profiles: Daily Green High-Control Users (74.4 %), Deep Green High-Control Users (13.3 %), and Occasional Green Low-Control Users (12.3 %). The first two groups exhibited significantly higher prosocial behavior than the third. These findings suggest that users who engage infrequently and for short durations demonstrate lower prosocial tendencies, whereas infrequent users showed higher prosocial behavior only when their visits were relatively long. Overall, frequency showed a stronger association with prosocial behavior than duration. UGS planning aimed at promoting social health among young working adults in China should prioritize strategies that facilitate more frequent engagement, rather than focusing exclusively on lengthening individual visits. This study contributes novel insights into optimizing UGS utilization to enhance social well-being in this key population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Yuan , Junjie Luo , Yang Liu , Lingzi Xu , Lerong Chen , Wenhui Xu
{"title":"Toward climate-adaptive waterfront walking spaces: thresholds and cross-modal mechanisms of multi-sensory comfort","authors":"Zheng Yuan , Junjie Luo , Yang Liu , Lingzi Xu , Lerong Chen , Wenhui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid intensifying urban heat island effects, the environmental quality of summer pedestrian spaces has become a central concern for public health and urban governance. However, prior studies have largely relied on linear models or single-sense analyses, which struggle to capture nonlinear threshold/plateau features and cross-modal couplings. To address this gap, we develop an integrated framework—digital twin modeling, in situ multi-source monitoring, subjective perception surveys, and interpretable machine learning (RF+SHAP)—using a suburban waterfront park in Hangzhou, China, as a case. We collect 960 paired observations linking environmental exposures with subjective ratings, and systematically examine the nonlinear effects and interactions of acoustic, visual, and thermal factors on overall comfort (OCV). Results indicate that PET, LUX, and Va are the primary drivers of OCV, with LAeq as a secondary constraint. OCV exhibits characteristic threshold–plateau responses to PET and LUX: comfort deteriorates sharply and enters a negative plateau when PET approaches or exceeds about 40–42 °C; the adverse effect of LUX intensifies beyond about 15,000 lx; by contrast, Va about 1.5–2.0 m/s provides a stable buffering effect under high thermal load. The acoustic dimension shows a shallow U-shaped response, with LAeq around 55–60 dB as a relatively acceptable band and rapid deterioration beyond about 70 dB, while the marginal benefit of ultra-low noise is limited. Interaction analyses further reveal both synergy and compensation between LUX×PET and LAeq×PET, evidencing cross-modal coupling in multisensory appraisal. Spatially, waterside segments yield higher visual and acoustic comfort yet slightly lower OCV than non-waterfront segments, reflecting systematic differences in exposure structures and buffering mechanisms. Taken together, this study delineates the mechanisms of multi-sensory comfort in waterside pedestrian environments from a “threshold–plateau–interaction” perspective, providing quantitative evidence and practical guidance for climate-adaptive design, multisensory optimization, and health-oriented governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dillon Newton, Mariam Zarjoo, John Stephenson, Philip Brown
{"title":"Impact of residential green spaces on health inequalities in the UK: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis","authors":"Dillon Newton, Mariam Zarjoo, John Stephenson, Philip Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residential green spaces - defined here as public or private green environments located within or immediately surrounding places of residence - are recognised as important social determinants of health, yet their potential to reduce health inequalities remains underexplored. This systematic review synthesised evidence on whether access to residential green spaces is associated with health outcomes across socioeconomic groups in the United Kingdom. A total of 20 studies were included that covered mental health, physical health, child development and mortality outcomes. Across studies, green space was generally associated with improved mental wellbeing, lower chronic disease risk and greater child socio-emotional development. Importantly, several studies found stronger health benefits among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups which suggests equigenic effects, although lower-quality or inaccessible green spaces could entrench inequalities. Three studies were included in a pre-specified exploratory random-effects meta-analysis focussed on mental wellbeing outcomes. The pooled odds ratio indicated a modest but non-significant protective association between green space exposure and mental wellbeing (OR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.77–1.07), with very high heterogeneity (I²=99.8 %) and sensitivity analysis showed no single study unduly influenced the results. Although the pooled effect was non-significant, the consistent direction across studies supports the view that more and better residential green space may promote mental health. Findings from the broader review show that equity impacts vary across green space typologies: public parks, neighbourhood vegetation and community spaces tend to deliver more equitable benefits than private gardens, which are unevenly distributed and can reinforce environmental privilege. By embedding a focus on health inequalities, this review provides actionable evidence to enable the provision of green space as a core public health infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 129304"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}