Urban Forestry & Urban Greening最新文献

{"title":"Parks Please! Implementing the 3–30-300 green space rule in developing countries − The case of Surakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Luthfi Muhamad Iqbal ,&nbsp;Gabriel Araújo Njaim ,&nbsp;Daniella Vos ,&nbsp;Chrisna Trie Hadi Permana","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interest in the 3–30–300 green space rule has recently emerged in urban forest scholarship, but its applicability in developing country contexts, especially in intermediate cities, remains largely unexplored. This study assesses the feasibility of the rule’s three components—visibility of three trees from every building, achieving 30 % neighborhood canopy cover, and ensuring 300-meter walking access to 0.5-hectare parks—using geospatial analysis. We employ a combination of remote sensing data, local administrative records, and open-source global datasets to evaluate tree canopy cover, greenspace distribution, and accessibility under different scenarios. Our case study focuses on Surakarta, an intermediate city recognized as Indonesia’s most livable city. Results show that only 29 % of buildings meet the visibility requirement, 2 % are in neighborhoods with 30 % canopy cover, and 25 % are within 300 m of a greenspace. However, accessibility could increase to 79 % if all greenspaces were fenceless and high quality. Our findings highlight disparities in urban greening, as smaller residential buildings tend to have lower scores than larger office buildings. These results underscore the role of park governance in shaping access to green spaces and the persistent challenges of achieving the 3–30–300 targets. We propose place-based recommendations tailored for each urban commune and advocate for the adoption of the 3–30–300 rule as a target for national and local development planning to enhance urban green space accessibility and equity. This framework has the potential to be used in participatory planning processes for consensus-based siting of green infrastructure and nature-based solutions in cities in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128797"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the stormwater runoff reduction of two distinct tree species to support urban greening as nature-based solutions","authors":"Mark Bryan Alivio,&nbsp;Matej Radinja,&nbsp;Mojca Šraj,&nbsp;Nejc Bezak","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trees, as a vital element of urban greening, have been increasingly recognized for their hydrologic contributions to stormwater management. However, the representation of tree canopy hydrological processes is often simplified or overlooked in existing stormwater models. This study modelled and evaluated the stormwater runoff reduction potential of birch (<em>Betula pendula</em>) and pine (<em>Pinus nigra</em>) trees in three scenarios (i.e., birch, pine, and mixed planting) on a storm event basis using the updated Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) tree canopy module. The model effectively represents the rainfall interception process of both tree species during different phenoseasons, demonstrating strong correlations between simulated and observed throughfall (<em>r</em> = 0.97–0.99) and interception values (<em>r</em> = 0.72) across all storm events. The results indicate that implementing urban trees in the study area led to an average reduction of 20–25 % in runoff volume and 16–25 % in peak flow, depending on the scenarios and phenoseasons. The most significant runoff reduction benefits were observed in a mixed-species planting scenario and during the leafed season. This interplay between species highlights the advantages of mixed-species plantings in urban environments, where diverse tree characteristics can enhance hydrological performance. However, the effectiveness of trees is limited during intense, high-volume storm events, although they still provide tangible benefits of up to 13.2 % reduction. The relative contribution of canopy interception to runoff reduction is most pronounced during the leafed season, small to moderate storm events, and when trees are situated over directly connected impervious areas. Infiltration and storage beneath tree canopies are the dominant mechanism for managing and reducing surface runoff, accounting for over 20 % of the water balance. This study demonstrates that the stormwater reduction efficiency of urban trees depends on both above- and below-canopy processes and conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128792"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing changes in the extent of urban grasslands through space and time","authors":"Jussi Lampinen ,&nbsp;Minna M. Huovinen ,&nbsp;Pasi Pouta ,&nbsp;D. Johan Kotze","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban grassland restoration has the potential to mitigate biodiversity loss in cities, but effective restoration planning calls for an accurate understanding on how and why the extent of grasslands in cities changes through time and ongoing urbanization. This can help assess regional baselines for grassland restoration and identify urban grasslands of high biodiversity value, but also more broadly to reflect on the aims and outcomes of restoration in different parts of the city. In this paper, we use historical and contemporary spatial data to quantify the extent of different types of grasslands across the late 19th-century and present-day Helsinki capital region, Finland. We assess the overall and spatially explicit changes in grassland extent between these periods and link these changes to patterns of land cover change, with spatial overlap analyses. Our results suggest that urban green infrastructure supports many types of contemporary grasslands, but to a smaller extent and primarily in different places compared to the historical semi-natural grasslands in the 19th-century landscape preceding urban development. Changes in grassland extent in the study region comprise local increases and decreases between the two time periods examined, with land cover changes related to urbanization underlying both of these changes. Grasslands that remain in the study region are dispersed across a diverse set of land cover types, with urban land cover such as parks, sports fields, and road verges hosting the majority of contemporary grasslands. Our results help identify diverse pathways for fostering biodiversity typical to grasslands in cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128796"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of the leaf area index (LAI) of selected tree species in urban environments","authors":"Astrid Moser-Reischl ,&nbsp;Eleonora Franceschi ,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Rahman ,&nbsp;Julia Rodrigues-Leite ,&nbsp;Hans Pretzsch ,&nbsp;Stephan Pauleit ,&nbsp;Thomas Rötzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge about a tree’s leaf biomass, leaf area or leaf area index (LAI) are important prerequisites for deriving precise estimates of its ecosystem services. However, data availability on LAI is limited especially for urban trees, and influences including site conditions, tree size and vitality or seasonal changes are hardly known and usually not considered. The aims of this study are (i) to present a comprehensive database of LAI data over tree size for 15 urban tree species, and (ii) to evaluate seasonal LAI data for over 100 trees of six species in relation to species traits and location with hemispherical photography. Further, (iii) data on leaf emergence were analyzed and compared with data from the German Weather Service (DWD) to derive broader ecological trends. Our results showed that LAI increases with size. The highest LAI was observed at maximum stem diameter, with <em>Tilia cordata</em> showing the highest (maximum LAI 4.7) and <em>Gleditsia triacanthos</em> the lowest values (maximum LAI 2.4). Furthermore, we found significant differences in seasonal LAI development and leaf emergence, influenced by species traits like light requirements, sprouting type, wood anatomy and foliage density. Leaf patterns followed the typical course of a steep increase from branch area index (BAI) values of 0.3 in spring to a maximum LAI of 4.0 in summer and autumn/winter values of 0.5 BAI/LAI. The influence of soil sealing on LAI was less pronounced, albeit statistically significant. The study highlights that the hemispheric image method can be applied easily to individual urban trees and can support a precise calculation of ecosystem services. However, the data processing has some weaknesses, and the results should be adjusted with a correction factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting native biodiversity: An evaluation of multifactorial and bioclimatic selection criteria for street trees in Italian cities","authors":"Luca D'Amato ,&nbsp;Flavia Bartoli ,&nbsp;Valentina Savo ,&nbsp;Giulia Caneva","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street trees provide numerous benefits (or ecosystem services) to citizens, as they reduce urban heat, improve air quality, and mitigate intense rainfall events. On the other end, the urban environment is challenging for trees for various reasons, such as water availability, humidity, and increased temperatures (currently exacerbated by current climatic changes). Street trees, however, are rarely chosen according to the benefits they provide or their ecological needs. In Italy, for instance, despite its high biodiversity, species used as urban street trees are relatively limited due to the limited availability of species on the market, historical or cultural preferences, and economic reasons. This study aims to develop a preliminary methodology for selecting native tree species, considering their ecological requirements and potential suitability for the urban environment, factoring in the future warming of temperatures. Our proposed methodology consists of culling species from floristic databases and applying a series of ecological and bioclimatic filters to obtain a list of species that can potentially be used as street trees. When we applied our methodology to Italian cities, we obtained a list of 190 native species (among which 44 species are already used as street trees) that can potentially be recommended for the urban habitat. On the other hand, our analysis highlighted an underutilization of several native species (39 species) and that many species (177) are not suited for the climatic context in which they are used. Our results also suggest a pool of species (22 already used as street trees and 19 not used) that, in the Italian context, can be better suited to withstand the expected temperature increases. The selection of species should primarily be based on their being native but also on their ecological requirements to increase urban biodiversity, reduce tree mortality, and reduce management costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening urban landscapes: A systematic literature review of planting design for resilient and livable cities","authors":"Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes ,&nbsp;Catarina Patoilo Teixeira ,&nbsp;Mariana Veludo","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planting Design is one of the landscape architects' main activities in constructing and defining landscapes. The art of composing landscapes, including urban parks and gardens, through vegetation arrangement, is an ancestral practice translating each era's needs and political, environmental, and social context. However, the ecological paradigm and the emergency and worsening of urban problems have introduced new challenges to traditional approaches to planting design that need to be clarified to uncover how they respond to challenges such as climate change, urban residents' health and well-being, and the scarcity of resources and trained technical staff to maintain and manage public green spaces. In this context, a systematic review was developed to (1) explore bibliographic details and spatial context of Planting Design, (2) identify the main focus, emerging topics, strategies, and outputs in planting design research, (3) identify key components and processes involved in Planting Design, and (4) to explore further correlations between previous goals. Following the guidelines from Collaboration for Environmental Evidence and a pre-tested search string, a final database of 127 records published between 2000 and 2023 was reviewed. Results showed that Planting Design publications increased substantially in 2016 with a continued positive trend in subsequent years. Most publications focus on urban settings and are geographically targeted in Asia and Europe. The majority of the analyzed records are driven by an aesthetic and ecological focus and provide guidelines for Planting Design. Climate change and environmental challenges are trending topics of research. Traits, principles, functions, and hazards regarding Planting Design were also analyzed to provide useful insights into future research and practice in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying priority heat-risk areas in Granada, Spain, using InVEST and landscape metrics","authors":"Carson Silveira ,&nbsp;Nuria Pistón ,&nbsp;Javier Martínez-López ,&nbsp;Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ,&nbsp;Thedmer Postma ,&nbsp;Juan M. López-Torralbo ,&nbsp;Regino Zamora","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban heat island effect and its disproportionate impact on vulnerable groups is a major challenge for cities. The aim of this research is to identify heat-risk areas and to examine the effect of vegetation spatial patterns on heat mitigation. The focus of the study is on Granada, Spain, and its metropolitan area, serving as a relevant case study due to its status as a medium-sized city within the Mediterranean region, a location particularly vulnerable to climate change. We used InVEST for urban heat island modelling and calculated heat vulnerability and exposure indices. We also used Boosted Regression Trees to assess the importance of the spatial composition and configuration of the vegetation in heat mitigation. We identify priority heat-risk areas for intervention highlighting regions where high heat exposure and vulnerability overlap. Our results show that the combination of green cover above 35 % and mean patch size above 200 m² maximized heat mitigation. However, because most of the priority areas are located in densely populated and built-up areas, the suggested approach could be on creating interconnections between smaller green infrastructures to increase their cooling capacity. We highlight the need for urban planning strategies that prioritize heat-vulnerable populations, while optimizing the spatial configuration of green infrastructure by focusing on Nature-based Solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban greenspaces benefit both human utility and biodiversity","authors":"Nataly G. Miguez ,&nbsp;Brittany M. Mason ,&nbsp;Jiangxiao Qiu ,&nbsp;Haojie Cao ,&nbsp;Corey T. Callaghan","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban greenspaces are essential for both human well-being and biodiversity, with their importance continually growing in the face of increasing urbanization. The dual role of these spaces raises questions about how their planning and management can best serve the diverse needs of both people and biodiversity. Our goal was to quantify the synergies and tradeoffs between human utility and biodiversity benefits in urban greenspaces. Through a detailed inventory, we mapped 639 urban greenspaces throughout Broward County, Florida — one of the most populous counties in the United States. We identified and categorized various physical attributes (N = 8 in total), including playgrounds, athletic facilities, and picnic areas and derived a ‘human utility index’. Concurrently, we assessed biodiversity by estimating relative species richness within an urban greenspace. We found little relationship between our human utility index and biodiversity. More specifically, when the index was broken down to its parts, we found a positive correlation between some attributes such as playgrounds, bodies of water, nature preserves, and dog parks with biodiversity, indicating potential synergies rather than tradeoffs. This alignment between our human utility index and biodiversity suggests that urban parks can effectively serve multiple values without necessarily sacrificing one for the other. Both the human utility index and biodiversity correlate with greenspace size, emphasizing the significance of larger greenspaces in accommodating diverse values. Our results offer insights for optimizing planning and management of urban greenspaces to simultaneously benefit local communities and ecosystems, highlighting the potential for harmonizing human and biodiversity to foster sustainable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128791"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where should the green go? A systematic literature review of methods for siting green infrastructure to mitigate rising heat and stormwater risks in cities worldwide","authors":"Saeideh Sobhaninia ,&nbsp;Sara Meerow ,&nbsp;Aubrey Dugger ,&nbsp;Thomas Hopson ,&nbsp;Cenlin He ,&nbsp;Olga Wilhelmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat and flooding are frequently cited as among the deadliest and costliest climate hazards, respectively, and both are intensifying due to urban developments and climate change. In response, many cities worldwide are increasingly turning to green infrastructure (GI) to mitigate climate risks such as extreme heat and flooding while enhancing overall resilience. However, existing research suggests that knowledge systems for GI globally have significant gaps that undermine the effectiveness of these investments. These include a narrow focus on limited functions while neglecting others and a lack of research on the decision-making processes that determine which GI functions are prioritized and where. The metrics and models used for siting GI likely shape its effectiveness in managing stormwater and mitigating heat risks in urban settings as well as who benefits from GI investments. This study systematically reviews the academic literature on GI spatial planning worldwide to analyze the GI types, indicators, and methods proposed for siting GI to address heat and stormwater challenges in cities. Our findings reveal that the spatial planning of GI for heat and stormwater remains largely separate in the academic literature, despite widespread calls for multifunctional GI. GI siting for stormwater management has a more robust and consistent body of literature with similar methodologies compared to that for heat risk mitigation, and the types of GI used differ between the two focus areas. This study provides valuable insights that can inform more integrated and effective approaches to GI planning, enhancing urban resilience to climate hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of single-tree morphological characteristics on the vertical gradient cooling effect and human thermal comfort during summer","authors":"Yue Cai ,&nbsp;Chong Li ,&nbsp;Chunyu Pan ,&nbsp;Guangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jianxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Wenyan Cui ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Guomo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests are crucial in improving the urban environment, relieving the heat island effect, and regulating microclimates. Urban areas encompass a diverse range of tree species exhibiting varying morphological characteristics. Nevertheless, there is limited quantitative research investigating the factors influencing the thermal regulation effectiveness of urban tree morphology during summer. In this study, we utilized a portable meteorological station, a thermal infrared camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and a handheld thermal camera to measure air temperature (AT), canopy temperature (CT), and ground surface temperature (GST) of individual trees, respectively. The results revealed a significant correlation between AT, CT, and GST across four canopy morphologies. ΔAT decreased with increasing height and reached its maximum at 1.5 m (ΔAT_1.5). The ΔAT_1.5 values for the different canopy shapes were as follows: pyramidal (2.99 ± 0.75℃); spherical (3.93 ± 0.61℃); pileate (4.03 ± 0.60℃); and ellipsoidal (3.27 ± 0.48℃). The corresponding ΔGST values were determined as: pyramidal (3.92 ± 0.48℃); spherical (8.68 ± 2.13℃); pileate (13.08 ± 1.08℃); and ellipsoidal (6.15 ± 0.7℃). The ΔAT values under pileate and ellipsoidal canopy shapes exhibited statistically significant differences among the four heights (<em>P</em> ˂ 0.05). In terms of human thermal comfort, the ΔPhysiological equivalent temperature (PET)_1.5 values for the pyramidal, spherical, pileate, and ellipsoidal canopy shapes were observed as 11.01℃, 18.01℃, 18.7℃, and 16.04℃ respectively. Therefore, we recommend using species with pileate, spherical, and ellipsoidal canopies with a high leaf area index for urban trees. Our study quantified the vertical gradient cooling effects of individual trees and demonstrates how tree morphological characteristics influence the microclimate and human thermal comfort, providing a valuable reference for urban forestry planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49394,"journal":{"name":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 128789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}