Western Journal of Nursing Research最新文献

Types of Reviews.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251325003

Todd Ruppar

引用次数: 0

Critical Incident Stress in Healthcare Education: An Integrative Review.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251314939

Rachel Kunkle, Katrina M Poppert Cordts, Lisa Walters, Alyson E Hanish

{"title":"Critical Incident Stress in Healthcare Education: An Integrative Review.","authors":"Rachel Kunkle, Katrina M Poppert Cordts, Lisa Walters, Alyson E Hanish","doi":"10.1177/01939459251314939","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251314939","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare professionals' repeated exposure to critical incidents can cause various physical and psychological symptoms with potentially severe personal and professional consequences. Healthcare students' exposure to critical incidents begins during their clinical education. Despite known consequences, healthcare education has yet to implement a standardized approach for preparing students for critical incidents. Critical incident stress management, one identified program, has been utilized in healthcare organizations. However, formal critical incident stress management programs may not be appropriate for healthcare education with requirements to educate students on the clinical knowledge, skills, and judgment needed during critical incidents.Purpose: The purpose of this review was to determine the state of the science related to critical incident stress in the context of healthcare education.Methods: A literature search was conducted, and peer-reviewed articles were included.Results: Four articles were identified for inclusion, signaling a need for more research on critical incident stress in healthcare education.Conclusions: The available literature suggests that students are impacted by critical incident stress. The studies in this review did not incorporate critical incident stress or components of critical incident stress management programs into their overall curricula or educational programs. The studies did demonstrate that students may be positively or negatively influenced by critical incident stress. Critical incident stress programs are not widely incorporated into healthcare education; however, it has been demonstrated that a standardized approach to preparing and supporting students is needed. Future studies need to determine if critical incident stress should be integrated into healthcare education and the outcomes.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"282-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Influencing the Self-Reported Palliative Care Practices of Acute Care Nurses.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251314699

Keshia Kotula, Catherine Dingley, Du Feng, Lori Candela, Megan Pfitzinger Lippe

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Self-Reported Palliative Care Practices of Acute Care Nurses.","authors":"Keshia Kotula, Catherine Dingley, Du Feng, Lori Candela, Megan Pfitzinger Lippe","doi":"10.1177/01939459251314699","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251314699","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Provision of palliative care in acute care settings is significantly lacking despite evidence that early integration leads to better patient/family-related outcomes and improved healthcare cost and efficiency.Objective: This study investigated influencing factors that affect the nature and frequency of palliative care practices of acute care nurses.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to examine the effects of personal and environmental factors on nurses' palliative care practices in the acute care setting. Registered nurses (N = 325) completed an electronic survey including a demographic questionnaire and 6 other measures to measure the study variables (palliative care practices, palliative care knowledge, self-efficacy, perceived competency, attitudes toward care of the dying, and perceived barriers). Hierarchical multiple linear regression evaluated the degree to which each set of variables explained the variance in self-reported frequency of palliative care practices while controlling for the others.Results: The final regression model with demographics, personal factors, and environmental factors accounted for 32.1% of the variance in the frequency of nurses' self-reported palliative care practices and was significant (F[14, 238] = 8.050, P < .001). Step one (demographics) explained 12.3% of the variance (F[7, 245] = 4.916, P < .001). Step two (personal factors) explained 19.4% (F[5, 240] = 13.678, P < .001). Step three (environmental factors) explained 0.4% (F[2, 238] = 9.053, P = .519).Conclusions: Personal factors, especially self-efficacy and attitudes toward care of the dying, are the most significant influencing factors to the frequency of acute care nurses' palliative care practices.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sleep Deficiency and Fatigue in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251314941

Samantha Conley, Youri Hwang, Stacy Al-Saleh, Kendra Kamp, Abigail Cahalan, Nancy S Redeker

{"title":"Sleep Deficiency and Fatigue in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Samantha Conley, Youri Hwang, Stacy Al-Saleh, Kendra Kamp, Abigail Cahalan, Nancy S Redeker","doi":"10.1177/01939459251314941","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251314941","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms experienced by people with inflammatory bowel disease; however, interventions to treat fatigue are limited. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between sleep deficiency and fatigue in adults with inflammatory bowel disease and to describe the demographic and clinical factors associated with fatigue to inform future intervention work.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and reported the results using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL on 3/7/24. We included studies with adults (≥18 years of age) who had a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or indeterminate colitis) and measured fatigue and sleep using a validated self-report questionnaire or objective measurement.Results: Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria for a total sample of 16 927, of whom 58.7% (n = 9937) had Crohn's disease, and 66.3% (n = 11 226) were female. 56.1% of the participants experienced fatigue and 66.3% experienced sleep deficiency. Sleep quality and insomnia were consistently associated with fatigue. Baseline poor sleep quality was associated with persistent and worsening fatigue over 12 to 24 months. Clinical but not objective assessment of disease activity, anxiety, depression, female gender/sex, and younger age were also associated with more severe fatigue.Conclusions: Sleep quality and insomnia represent important modifiable contributors to fatigue. Future research should explore whether sleep interventions can improve fatigue in this population.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"292-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Home Care on Physical Function in Post-Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251316818

Kornkanya Pengpala, Susan W Buchholz, Jiying Ling, Tsui-Sui Kao, Pallav Deka, Mathew J Reeves, Fabrice I Mowbray

{"title":"Effect of Home Care on Physical Function in Post-Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kornkanya Pengpala, Susan W Buchholz, Jiying Ling, Tsui-Sui Kao, Pallav Deka, Mathew J Reeves, Fabrice I Mowbray","doi":"10.1177/01939459251316818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251316818","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A decline in physical function is commonly observed after patients transition to their homes following hospital admission; this is especially true for patients requiring mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU).Objective: This meta-analysis examines characteristics and effects of home-based or outpatient+home-based interventions used to improve physical function post-discharge in patients who received mechanical ventilation in an ICU.Methods: PRISMA guidelines were utilized. The literature search was conducted with the assistance of a medical librarian. Study inclusion criteria were post-ICU adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation who then had home-based or outpatient+home-based care to improve physical function after discharge. Effect size (Hedges' g) was calculated with random effects models.Results: Our search yielded 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The majority were randomized controlled trials, with 1 quasi-experimental study. All studies included physical therapists, and 2 included nurses. The 11 studies reported results for 39 physical function measurements. The overall pooled intervention effect across the 4 studies that utilized the 6-minute walk test was 0.32 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.05 to 0.58), for the 3 studies that utilized the Timed Up and Go test it was 1.38 (95% CI: -0.09 to 2.84), and for the 8 studies that used the SF-36 Physical Function subscale, it was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.52).Conclusions: This review's findings show that patients may improve their physical function after participating in specific intervention programs that are home-based alone or outpatient+home-based care. However, the effect sizes are small, so it may be useful to explore how to maximize the gains in physical function.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"308-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining Heart Failure Informal Care Partners Using Person and System Levels and Domains: A Meta-Synthesis.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251314716

Harleah G Buck, Angela Durante, Chelsea Howland, Heba Aldossary, Julie T Bidwell, Elliane Irani, Daniel Liebzeit, Angela Massouh, Martha Abshire Saylor, Michael A Stawnychy, Lucinda J Graven

{"title":"Examining Heart Failure Informal Care Partners Using Person and System Levels and Domains: A Meta-Synthesis.","authors":"Harleah G Buck, Angela Durante, Chelsea Howland, Heba Aldossary, Julie T Bidwell, Elliane Irani, Daniel Liebzeit, Angela Massouh, Martha Abshire Saylor, Michael A Stawnychy, Lucinda J Graven","doi":"10.1177/01939459251314716","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251314716","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Within the last decade, system and policy-level changes have driven substantial shifts in heart failure (HF) care from hospital to home, requiring greater support from informal care partners. What has not been examined is the state of the care partner science by person and system-level domains using qualitative studies to understand impact across multiple person and system levels.Objectives: (1) Identify by person and system levels and domain what is known about informal care partners and (2) Identify gaps in the caregiving science and suggest ways to move forward.Methods: This secondary analysis of a large HF systematic review is guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities and MIRACLE frameworks and uses meta-synthesis techniques with critical realist approaches to synthesize and interpret the themes across papers.Results: Using data from 46 papers and 1695 care partners, we identified patterns occurring across 6 domains (biological, behavioral, affective, physical/built environment, sociocultural environment, and healthcare system) and on 4 levels (individual, interpersonal, community, and societal). Existing research predominantly addressed affective and behavioral domains, followed by health system and sociocultural domains. Few studies focused on biological and physical/built environment domains, leaving large gaps in what is known about caregiving at the cellular (biological) and societal (community and societal) levels.Conclusions: HF caregiving continues to be studied at a very rudimentary level. This synthesis also reveals critical gaps in what is known about caregiving within the physical/built environment domain and at the community and societal levels.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"261-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Are Midlife Women Family Caregivers With Negative Attitudes Toward Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Care?

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251316839

Eun-Ok Im, You Lee Yang, Wonshik Chee

{"title":"Who Are Midlife Women Family Caregivers With Negative Attitudes Toward Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Care?","authors":"Eun-Ok Im, You Lee Yang, Wonshik Chee","doi":"10.1177/01939459251316839","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251316839","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Midlife women play a major role as the family caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease (PLAD). Cultural differences are frequently the major reason for the high risk faced by racial and ethnic minority family caregivers. However, little is known about the characteristics of midlife women family caregivers that are linked to their negative attitudes toward Alzheimer's disease and dementia care.Objective: This study aimed to determine the characteristics of midlife women who were family caregivers of PLAD that were linked to their negative attitudes toward Alzheimer's disease and dementia caregiving.Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from 172 midlife women who were family caregivers of PLAD and participated in a large cross-sectional online survey. Linear multiple regression analyses were used for the data analysis.Results: Participants' attitude toward Alzheimer's disease and related dementia scores were significantly associated with employment status, race/ethnicity (Hispanic), and instrumental activities of daily living. Those who were unemployed, Hispanic, and with low instrumental activities of daily living tended to have negative attitudes toward Alzheimer's disease and dementia care.Conclusions: Additional interventions should be developed to improve attitudes toward caring for persons with Alzheimer's disease and dementia in this specific group of midlife women who are family caregivers of PLAD.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Intensity and Brief Pain Inventory During Pregnancy.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251317270

Julie Vignato, Yelena Perkhounkova, Hannah Marilim, Jihye Lee, Maria Hein, Donna Santillan, Mark Santillan

{"title":"Validation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Intensity and Brief Pain Inventory During Pregnancy.","authors":"Julie Vignato, Yelena Perkhounkova, Hannah Marilim, Jihye Lee, Maria Hein, Donna Santillan, Mark Santillan","doi":"10.1177/01939459251317270","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251317270","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We sought to (1) validate the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Short Form 3a measure and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) for assessing pain during pregnancy and (2) evaluate pain in a sample of pregnant individuals.Methods: Pregnant individuals (N = 196) were prospectively surveyed: n = 171 up to 22 weeks gestational age, n = 123 during their third trimester of pregnancy, and n = 98 both times. Additional measures included SPRINT Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Tool, Neurological Quality of Life, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety subscale, and Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Validity evidence examined included content validity, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and relevant criterion relationships.Results: Content validity analysis suggests that the PROMIS pain measure was easy to use and interpret while the BPI provided more detail. However, BPI questions regarding medication usage and relief were unclear to some pregnant individuals. In addition, the relationships among pain ratings were stronger than relationships between pain ratings and measures intended to assess other constructs suggesting convergent and discriminant validity. Relationships with relevant criterions were presented for both the PROMIS and BPI by comparing ratings of pain intensity and severity for pregnant individuals with and without areas of pain reported on BPI.Conclusion: Results indicate that PROMIS and BPI provided valid information on pain intensity or severity for our perinatal sample. Depending on the research question, the PROMIS pain or BPI may be more appropriate to an individual study. Either measure could also be included in an electronic health record for accurate pain assessment in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"209-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations Between Ecological Determinants and Weight Status Changes Among Children from Vulnerable Populations: Empirical Findings from a National Panel Survey in South Korea.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251314943

Jiyoung Park, Gill A Ten Hoor, Gahui Hwang, Soorack Ryu

{"title":"Associations Between Ecological Determinants and Weight Status Changes Among Children from Vulnerable Populations: Empirical Findings from a National Panel Survey in South Korea.","authors":"Jiyoung Park, Gill A Ten Hoor, Gahui Hwang, Soorack Ryu","doi":"10.1177/01939459251314943","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251314943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pandemic-related weight gain disproportionately has affected children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. However, key determinants of childhood obesity among these vulnerable children remain relatively underexplored.Methods: In a secondary data analysis using a longitudinal dataset, the relationships between child weight status and its individual and environmental influences among vulnerable children were examined based on an ecological model. We analyzed three-point time-series data for 1308 participants from a Korean national panel survey of vulnerable children. Adiposity estimates were calculated using body mass index (BMI) z-scores.Results: The panel regression analysis revealed that 2 factors, namely \"lack of adequate sleep time\" at the individual level and \"suboptimal relationships with childcare teachers\" at the interpersonal level, had a significant impact on the BMI z-scores of vulnerable children.Conclusions: It is crucial to develop strategies that ensure sufficient sleep time and to actively involve childcare centers in implementing place-based interventions and initiatives to prevent obesity among vulnerable children. Moreover, it is essential to continue efforts in identifying the significant determinants of childhood obesity among vulnerable populations by considering the major environments in which these children live and grow.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unmasking Distress: An Analysis of COVID-19's Mental Health Impact on Nurses in South Africa.

IF 2 4区医学

Western Journal of Nursing Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/01939459251316049

Phillipa Haine, Ashraf Kagee, Bronwyne Coetzee, Marnus Janse Van Vuuren, Lindokuhle Shongwe

{"title":"Unmasking Distress: An Analysis of COVID-19's Mental Health Impact on Nurses in South Africa.","authors":"Phillipa Haine, Ashraf Kagee, Bronwyne Coetzee, Marnus Janse Van Vuuren, Lindokuhle Shongwe","doi":"10.1177/01939459251316049","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459251316049","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The acute mental health challenges faced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to result in long-lasting psychological impacts. Promoting the mental health of nurses is crucial not only to safeguard their wellbeing but also to ensure the delivery of optimal patient care.Objective: This study sought to ascertain the extended mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among nurses in South Africa.Methods: Participants involved nurses working at four hospitals in the Western Cape province: Helderberg, TC Newman, Stellenbosch, and Tygerberg. A convenience sample of nurses (N = 264) from the four hospitals participated in the study. Data collection involved an online survey, which included a comprehensive battery of psychological measures, such as fear of COVID-19, perceived vulnerability to disease, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use, and worry about COVID-19 infection.Results: The mean age of participants was 34.4 (SD = 7.9), with a majority being female (82%). Age was positively correlated with hopelessness and life satisfaction but negatively associated with fear of COVID-19 and symptoms of anxiety, PTSD, alcohol use, and depression. Nurses in the private sector reported higher levels of alcohol use and PTSD than nurses in public, while married and partnered nurses reported reduced levels of anxiety compared to their unmarried counterparts. Higher education levels were associated with reduced adverse mental health outcomes.Conclusion: Psychological distress among nurses was exacerbated even after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential areas of concern are highlighted, indicating the need for targeted interventions.","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0