Western Journal of Nursing Research最新文献

{"title":"Measuring Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lisa Angel, Sarah H Ailey, Kathleen R Delaney, Lynn Mohr","doi":"10.1177/01939459241304527","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241304527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research indicates a high prevalence of depressive disorders in individuals with autism spectrums disorders (ASD), highlighting a need for depression screening in this population. Both depression screening tools used in the general population and tools developed specifically for individuals with ASD are used in the ASD population. Because depressive symptoms may manifest differently in individuals with ASD, it is important to establish the psychometric properties of depression instruments in individuals with ASD to determine whether and how these instruments can be applied in assessing these individuals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to synthesize knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of (a) depression instruments developed for the general populations and (b) depression instruments developed specifically for individuals with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted using Covidence to identify, screen, and review available literature on the use and psychometric properties of generalized and ASD-specific depression instruments in individuals with ASD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results for both generalized and ASD-specific instruments indicated moderate psychometric strength, enough for these instruments to be potentially helpful in psychiatric assessments but not enough to be conclusive on their own. The data are limited by the small number of studies examining this population, that is, only 1 to 3 articles for each instrument, and the often-limited number of psychometric measurements taken in each study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the prevalence of depression in individuals with ASD is high, reliable and valid measures are needed. Current research shows some support for existing instruments, although additional, more robust research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodological Framework for Descriptive Phenomenological Research.","authors":"Daniel M Abraham, Padmakumari P","doi":"10.1177/01939459241308071","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241308071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Descriptive phenomenological research is crucial in nursing for understanding individuals' experiences, perceptions, and relationships, which are essential for person-centered healthcare. However, a common critique is that researchers often use phenomenological methods without fully comprehending their historical and philosophical foundations. Existing literature highlights discrepancies in the application of phenomenological principles by nurse researchers, particularly in their presentation of philosophical underpinnings and methodological details.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This article aims to provide a comprehensive methodological framework for descriptive phenomenological research in nursing, addressing both theoretical and practical aspects to guide novice researchers.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>This framework synthesizes existing scholarship on descriptive phenomenology.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Starting from Husserl, this article provides a detailed overview of the history, foundations, and philosophical assumptions of the methodology. It also includes key terms and a comprehensive detailing of all aspects of the research process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This framework enriches existing scholarship by offering a streamlined, step-by-step methodological guide for researchers embarking on descriptive phenomenological studies. It emphasizes the importance of establishing minimum, yet critical criteria for publishing research employing this methodology.</p><p><strong>Implications for research: </strong>Future nurse researchers are encouraged to enhance methodological transparency in their descriptive phenomenological studies to facilitate rigorous evaluation of method effectiveness and study quality. This framework aims to alleviate potential apprehensions and provide clarity and structure to novice researchers in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Nurses' Personal and Professional Values and Care Quality: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Analysis.","authors":"Jeanne Hlebichuk, Rachelle Lancaster, Wendy Tuzik Micek, Susan Perusich, Kerry Fick, Kanagavalli Perumalswamy","doi":"10.1177/01939459241304528","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241304528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Professional standards and the Codes of Ethics from the International Council of Nurses and American Nurses Association are frameworks driving professional practice and are linked to positive patient and nursing outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe qualitative themes extracted from narrative responses on how nurses' personal values influence nursing care and converge with quantitative results assessing personal values, professional values, and the practice environment, a key component of nurse satisfaction and subsequent care quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of nurses across 19 sites within a large nonprofit healthcare system was surveyed. Quantitative measures included the Short Schwartz's Value Survey for personal values, the Nurses Professional Values Scale-3 for professional values, and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, assessing practice settings. Concurrently, nurses were asked, \"How do your values influence the care you provide?\" Responses were examined using a descriptive qualitative method for thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included qualitative (n = 408) and quantitative (n = 671) responses. Six qualitative themes emerged: patient-centered care, professionalism/integrity of practice, advocacy, dissonance, golden rule/ethics of reciprocity (religiosity), and perseverance. Themes converged with the mean personal values of achievement, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, and conformity, and diverged with hedonism, security, and stimulation. All professional values factor means and work environment subscale means converged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight convergence and divergence between qualitative and quantitative responses from nurses, offering new insights into the themes of dissonance, perseverance, and religiosity. The findings present valuable opportunities to enhance recruitment and retention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readiness for the Next Pandemic: A Nurse Practitioner-Driven COVID-19 Management Model for Kidney Transplant Recipients.","authors":"Jongwon Yoo, Sima Patel, Ted Clevy-Schneller, Sanjeev Akkina, Amishi Desai","doi":"10.1177/01939459241306395","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241306395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rise of virulent pathogens, the transplant community faces unprecedented challenges in caring for immunocompromised patients. Effective diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up are essential, with prompt immunosuppression adjustment and hospitalization for decompensated patients being critical for survival.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aimed to determine if a nurse practitioner-driven care model improves outcomes for kidney transplant recipients who contracted COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of kidney transplant patients who contracted COVID-19 (N = 101) from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. Patients were classified into 2 groups: those presenting to the emergency department with COVID-19 symptoms and those diagnosed with COVID-19 and followed by nurse practitioners. Nurse practitioners monitored this second group daily via telephone and/or video call. They provided symptom assessment, immunosuppression adjustment, health counseling, and emotional support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who were identified as decompensating had admissions arranged to the nearest hospital or our transplant center. In the intervention group (n = 66), immunosuppression was adjusted more rapidly (4.5 days vs 7 days), leading to shorter illness duration (17 days vs 26 days), fewer acute kidney injuries (50.0% vs 68.6%), lower readmission rates (5.0% vs 20%), and better survival (97.0% vs 77.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As we have more preventive and treatment options for COVID-19, prompt interventions and close monitoring as demonstrated in our model may be key to achieving health outcomes including graft and patient survival. Our strategies can be applicable in instances of future outbreaks of virulent pathogens and help protect and save lives within our kidney transplant patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Visualized Health Education Based on Health Belief Model on Self-Management of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.","authors":"Mingmei Peng, Xiaoyan Cai, Qingqing Wang, Zhiying Li, Rui Cao, Baozhang Guan, Yuli Yang, Shuting Xu, Yi Yang, Shuai Yang, Fengxia Yan","doi":"10.1177/01939459241306705","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241306705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with end-stage renal disease often require maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Effective self-management is crucial for the prognosis of patients undergoing MHD; however, their self-management practices remain suboptimal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effects of visualized health education based on health belief model on self-management, self-efficacy, quality of life, and quality of dialysis in patients undergoing MHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 93 patients undergoing MHD from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou were recruited between December 2021 and June 2022 and divided into control (n = 44) and intervention (n = 49) groups according to their dialysis time. The control group received standard health education, while the intervention group received visualized health education based on the Health Belief Model (3 months, 3 times a week, about 1 hour each time). The Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument, Self-Efficacy Scale, Hemodialysis Knowledge Questionnaire, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey were used before and after intervention. Physiological indices related to hemodialysis (serum potassium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, and hemoglobin) were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores in self-management ability (63.0 [57.0, 68.5]), self-management efficacy (29.0 [26.0, 31.0]), hemodialysis knowledge (21.0 [20.0, 22.0]), and quality of life (68.8 [56.3, 79.2]) than the control group (<i>P</i> < .05). More individuals in the intervention group achieved normal ranges for hemoglobin, albumin, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The visualized health education intervention significantly enhanced self-management level, self-efficacy, and quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. This approach is recommended for broader application.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Community Health Workers into Palliative Care Teams: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Angela Kroeze Visser, Anne Pithan, Sabina Kupershmidt, DenYelle B Kenyon, Susan E Puumala","doi":"10.1177/01939459241304520","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241304520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rural communities, like other places in the United States, face a growing need for palliative care. Community health workers (CHWs) are one potential way to expand the ability to provide palliative care. This scoping review explores what is known about CHWs involved in palliative care teams in the United States.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review is intended to outline current evidence related to best practices and factors that lead to the integration of CHWs into palliative care teams.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted between June 2022 and April 2023 using 3 databases (CIHAHL, ScienceDirect, and PubMed) to identify included studies. Studies included were published between 2000 and 2022; discussed CHWs, lay health navigators, or associated terms, and palliative care in the United States; and addressed CHWs' integration with health care teams.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 24 studies included in this review encompassed qualitative and quantitative reports of CHW interventions that successfully increased advanced care planning documentation, improved patient symptoms, and increased hospice use. Home visits and telephone visits allowed CHWs to provide education, advocate, make referrals, and serve as social support. Stakeholders generally support the role of CHWs in palliative care teams and understand the way they can support \"cultural translation.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CHWs have the potential to be integrated into palliative care teams, but there is variability in the approach toward roles within palliative care teams, training for CHWs, and strategies for integration within clinical teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"110-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Daily Care Experience Preferences Across the Lifespan of Older Adults: Application of Natural Language Processing.","authors":"Se Hee Min, Kyungmi Woo, Jiyoun Song, Gregory L Alexander, Terrence O'Malley, Maria D Moen, Maxim Topaz","doi":"10.1177/01939459241306946","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241306946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Older adults are a heterogeneous group, and their care experience preferences are likely to be diverse and individualized. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify categories of older adults' care experience preferences and to examine similarities and differences across different age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The initial categories of older adults' care experience preferences were identified through a qualitative review of narrative text (n = 3134) in the ADVault data set. A natural language processing (NLP) algorithm was used to automatically and accurately define older adults' care experience preference categories. Descriptive statistics were used to examine similarities and differences in care experience preference categories across different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall average performance of NLP algorithms was relatively high (average <i>F</i>-score = 0.88; range: 0.77-0.96). Through a qualitative review of 350 randomly selected texts, a total of 11 categories were identified. The most frequent category was music, followed by photographs, entertainment, family/friends, religion-related, atmosphere, flower/plants, pet, bed/bedding, hobby, and other. After applying the best performing NLP algorithm to each category, older adults' care experience preference categories were music (41.32%), followed by photographs (28.47%), entertainment (13.46%), religion-related (n = 12.69%), pet (12.22%), flower/plants (11.51%), family/friends (8.45%), atmosphere (7.75%), bed/bedding (6.12%), and hobby (5.45%). Young-old and old-old adults had similar care experience preferences with music being the most frequent category while old-old adults had photographs as the most frequent category for their care experience preference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians must understand the distinct categories of care experience preferences and incorporate them into personalized care planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Incident Stress in Healthcare Education: An Integrative Review.","authors":"Rachel Kunkle, Katrina M Poppert Cordts, Lisa Walters, Alyson E Hanish","doi":"10.1177/01939459251314939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251314939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare professionals' repeated exposure to critical incidents can cause various physical and psychological symptoms with potentially severe personal and professional consequences. Healthcare students' exposure to critical incidents begins during their clinical education. Despite known consequences, healthcare education has yet to implement a standardized approach for preparing students for critical incidents. Critical incident stress management, one identified program, has been utilized in healthcare organizations. However, formal critical incident stress management programs may not be appropriate for healthcare education with requirements to educate students on the clinical knowledge, skills, and judgment needed during critical incidents.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this review was to determine the state of the science related to critical incident stress in the context of healthcare education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted, and peer-reviewed articles were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four articles were identified for inclusion, signaling a need for more research on critical incident stress in healthcare education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The available literature suggests that students are impacted by critical incident stress. The studies in this review did not incorporate critical incident stress or components of critical incident stress management programs into their overall curricula or educational programs. The studies did demonstrate that students may be positively or negatively influenced by critical incident stress. Critical incident stress programs are not widely incorporated into healthcare education; however, it has been demonstrated that a standardized approach to preparing and supporting students is needed. Future studies need to determine if critical incident stress should be integrated into healthcare education and the outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251314939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Inclusion by Creating Inclusion: A World Café Among Nurse Scientists.","authors":"Inga M Zadvinskis, Élise N Arsenault Knudsen, Ann C Falkenberg Olson, Rosemary W Eustace, Nancy M Albert, Colleen J Klein, Nicole L Bohr, Lisa E Guthrie, Martha Mathews Libster","doi":"10.1177/01939459241310751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241310751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The concept of inclusion within diversity, equity, and inclusion has broad meanings and implications and has not been explored in nursing through a World Café.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the process and experiences of 9 nurse scientists who hosted a World Café focused on inclusion, to share participants' insights, and to offer considerations to advance inclusion in nursing.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We hosted and encouraged active participation in a World Café that focused on 7 inclusion topics in nursing during the 2024 Midwestern Nursing Research Society Annual Research Conference. During the 90-min World Café, 40 participants (\"members\") engaged in iterative rounds of small group dialogue, moving from table to table every 10 min and randomly changing groups. Table hosts welcomed new members, provided background information, and asked probing questions about topics related to inclusion. Members shared insights verbally and through creative expression using colored markers/pencils or craft supplies and creating images on paper tablecloths. Table hosts used notes, photographs of words and images from the paper tablecloths, and collective post-Café reflections to synthesize insights regarding inclusion.</p><p><strong>Discoveries: </strong>Across all topics, members stated that inclusion requires connecting as human beings, creating welcoming spaces, being open to others, and actively listening. Table hosts described the World Café process as engaging, invoking, and inspiring. Hosts found the World Café process itself to be inclusive, inviting diverse perspectives, and gleaning insights about inclusion in nursing. Considerations generated from this World Café offer tangible behaviors to promote inclusion across various nursing topics, roles, and settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459241310751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between a Family Caregiver's Relationship to Persons With Dementia and Cardiovascular Disease by Race and Ethnicity: A Secondary Analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data.","authors":"Dawon Baik, Sophia Centi, Sarah J Schmiege","doi":"10.1177/01939459241311501","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241311501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregiver stress is linked to key mechanisms for developing cardiovascular disease and the burden differs by caregiving relationship (eg, spouse). Furthermore, cardiovascular disease risk in family caregivers (FCGs) has been shown to differ by race and ethnicity. However, little is known about whether the association between caregiving relationship and FCGs' cardiovascular health differs by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the association between an FCG's relationship to persons with dementia and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease conditions and identified how these associations differed by race and ethnicity in FCGs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a secondary analysis of the 2015-2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between predictors (caregiving relationship, race/ethnicity, and their interaction) and outcomes (cardiovascular disease risk and conditions).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A sample of 6042 FCGs of persons with dementia were included. When analyzing race/ethnicity groups as a whole, cardiovascular disease risk and conditions differed significantly by caregiving relationship. Notably, spouse caregivers were at higher risk of diabetes, stroke, angina, and myocardial infarction, while showing lower rates of current smoking, heavy drinking, and obesity, compared to adult children. The associations between caregiving relationship and select cardiovascular disease risk factors (depression, previous smoking) differed significantly between racial and ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need to develop culturally appropriate cardiovascular preventive health care strategies that reduce cardiovascular disease risks by considering caregiving relationship. Research is especially needed among minoritized racial and ethnic FCG groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459241311501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}