Western Journal of Nursing Research最新文献

{"title":"\"Scheduling Is Everything\": A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Job and Schedule Satisfaction of Staff Nurses and Nurse Managers.","authors":"Amy Witkoski Stimpfel, Kathryn Leep-Lazar, Maile Mercer, Kathleen DeMarco","doi":"10.1177/01939459251330280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251330280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shift work and scheduling are major contributors to occupational stress for nurses, leading to job dissatisfaction and risk of turnover. Nurse scheduling processes are complex, as they are dynamically linked to nurse staffing and patient demand.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to describe barriers and facilitators influencing job and scheduling satisfaction among staff nurses and nurse managers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a qualitative descriptive design. The sampling frame included staff nurses and nurse managers employed at an urban academic medical center. Participants (N = 16) completed individual semi-structured Zoom interviews from August 2023 to February 2024, which were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overarching theme identified was \"Scheduling is everything,\" reflecting the importance of scheduling for nurses' satisfaction in and outside of work. Both staff nurses and managers identified tensions between scheduling for patient care needs (e.g., adequate staffing) and scheduling to optimize staff needs (e.g., health, sleep). They also identified staffing shortfalls as a contributor to these scheduling tensions. Staff nurses reported that scheduling challenges compromised their health and well-being, caused work-family conflict, and influenced turnover intentions. Facilitators of scheduling satisfaction included scheduling flexibility, autonomy, and equity. Participants also provided pragmatic ideas for improving scheduling processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study explored perspectives on job and scheduling satisfaction through the lens of both staff and managers. Scheduling challenges contribute to nurses' job dissatisfaction and turnover intentions. By increasing scheduling flexibility, equity, and integrating nurse-led innovations into the scheduling process, healthcare organizations can potentially increase nurse retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251330280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RN Reflections: Lessons Learned, Recommendations, and Pearls of Wisdom in Caring for the COVID-19 Population.","authors":"Melissa L Harris-Gersten, Anne McLeod, Marita G Titler","doi":"10.1177/01939459251327977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251327977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline nurses faced unprecedented challenges and were often excluded from decision-making, creating a critical research gap as their valuable insights were not captured, hindering the development of effective public health strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore lessons learned, recommendations, and pearls of wisdom from frontline nurses who cared for COVID-19-positive patients in the United States during the early phases of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected via virtual semi-structured interviews with 30 frontline nurses between July 2020 and November 2020. Analysis utilized reflexive thematic analysis by a 3-member coding team. Rigor was maintained through frequent team debriefing, reflexive discussions, the inclusion of multiple quotation exemplars, a national recruitment strategy, and an audit trail. Reporting followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist for qualitative research.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Codes relating to nurses' lessons learned included leadership actions and visibility, innovations in patient care, teamwork and flexibility, and preparedness. Nurse recommendations encompassed soliciting nurses' voices, leadership competencies and enhancing emergency response preparedness, mental health support, and ensuring sufficient resources. Pearls of wisdom for future generations emphasized self-care, mindfulness, effective communication, and engagement with colleagues and family.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effective pandemic preparedness must be managed as a systematic approach. Neglecting these actions risks repeating catastrophic mistakes in future health crises, compromising care quality and patient health outcomes. Improvements need to occur in nursing education, leadership training, and health care support for nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251327977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Caregiver Burden Among Primary Family Caregivers of Bedridden Older Adults Living at Home.","authors":"Phanida Juntasopeepun, Donna Z Bliss, Atchamat Pandang, Kanjana Thana","doi":"10.1177/01939459251328211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251328211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bedridden older adults require comprehensive care as they cannot perform daily activities independently and rely on their caregivers for their well-being. Limited studies have investigated perceived caregiving burden in this population, or the factors associated with this burden.</p><p><strong>Propose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the caregiving duration and perceived caregiver burden level of family caregivers of bedridden older adults and to identify factors influencing caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study recruited 120 participant dyads from a Central Thai province. Dyads included 1 bedridden older adult and their family caregiver. Bedridden older adults answered interviewer-administered questionnaires, and family caregivers completed self-reported questionnaires. These included demographic questions, caregiving information, the Zarit Burden Interview, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average caregiving time was 6.84 h/day, and caregivers reported mild-to-moderate burden levels. The multiple regression model explained 34.8% of the variance in caregiver burden. Higher caregiver burden was significantly associated with greater levels of perceived stress (β = 0.49, <i>P</i> < .001), being a spouse of the care recipient (β = -0.20, <i>P</i> < .01), and lower levels of perceived social support (β = -0.16, <i>P</i> = .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the need for nurses to develop and test culturally tailored interventions that are effective in supporting family caregivers in caregiving responsibilities. Results suggest that strengthening caregivers' social support, offering support for spouse and married caregivers, and reducing caregiver stress are areas for interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251328211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Informal Caregiver Burden in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rosie Lesley, Jane Simpson, Maria Dale, Fiona Eccles, Selina Lock, Sarah Gunn","doi":"10.1177/01939459251327968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251327968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease are at risk of experiencing <i>caregiver burden</i>. Understanding contributing factors is required to develop appropriate targeted interventions and support for this group. This systematic review provides an updated appraisal and synthesis of quantitative studies assessing predictors of burden among informal caregivers of people with Parkinson's.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched (from inception until July 2024), supplemented by hand-searches. Study quality was assessed using the cross-sectional JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results were synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one studies were included. Predictors of increased burden included greater impact of motor symptoms on activities of daily living, greater severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, poorer quality of life of the person with Parkinson's, and poorer caregiver mental health. Demographics, presence of motor symptoms, motor complications, and general cognitive function did not predict burden. Evidence was inconclusive for several variables including disease stage and duration, motor symptom severity, functional ability, overall non-motor symptoms, mental health of the person with Parkinson's, and caregivers' involvement and protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several areas for potential future intervention are indicated, although methodological weaknesses within the literature constrain the robustness of conclusions. Key areas for future research include exploring understudied variables (caregiver personality and coping style, relationship quality, and positive aspects of caregiving) that may be important predictors of burden, specifying and utilizing a more consistent definition of \"informal caregiver,\" and recruiting younger and non-spousal caregivers and more diverse samples regarding disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251327968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Effect of Resilience Between Protective Organizational Practices and Professional Quality of Life: An International Perspective Among Nurses Caring for Patients With Emerging Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Soojung Jo, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Keenan A Pituch, Etsuko Takagi, Kala Mayer, Vicki Simpson, Jeanie Skibiski, Jo Anne Bennett, Sule Kurt","doi":"10.1177/01939459251324838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251324838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compassion fatigue and satisfaction impact nurses' patient care. Resilience acts as a mediator between protective organizational practices and mental health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of resilience among nurses during the recent emerging infectious disease outbreak, the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study of 233 nurses who were caring for COVID-19 patients in the United States, Japan, Korea, and Guinea. Path analysis was used to assess associations between protective organizational practices and compassion fatigue and satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Path analysis indicated that resilience significantly mediated the association between protective organizational practices and the study outcomes of compassion satisfaction (indirect effect: β = 0.11, <i>p</i> < .01) and compassion fatigue (indirect effect: β = -0.11, <i>p</i> < .01). The analysis also indicated that resilience mediated associations between being asked to work at a higher patient acuity level and compassion satisfaction (indirect effect: β = -0.09, <i>p</i> < .05) and compassion fatigue (indirect effect: β = 0.09, <i>p</i> < .01). Our results provide further support for the mediating effect of resilience on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction during the COVID-19 crisis and the impact of poor protective organizational practices on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the critical impact of supportive protective organizational practices in enhancing nurse resilience, reducing compassion fatigue, and improving compassion satisfaction during emerging infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The results emphasize the need for robust resiliency programs and organizational resources for infection control in health care settings to enhance nurses' psychological well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251324838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Community-Based, Lifestyle Behavioral Intervention Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Postmenopausal Women at Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sooyeon Park, Jina Choo","doi":"10.1177/01939459251327391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251327391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postmenopausal women may be susceptible to unhealthy eating and physical activity behaviors and increased cardiometabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle behavioral intervention in modifying eating and physical activity behaviors, their behavioral determinants, and cardiometabolic risk factors in community-dwelling postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 2-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 46 postmenopausal women recruited from churches and universities in Seoul, South Korea. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 23) or control (n = 23) group. The intervention group underwent a 12-week behavioral intervention designed theoretically to modify behavioral determinants with individual- and group-based sessions using cognitive-behavioral strategies, while the control group received a single general counseling session. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after 12 weeks, and at the 24th week. These included measurements of eating and physical activity behaviors, their determinants (ie, attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control, intention, and planning, based on the extended theory of planned behavior), waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting glucose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in eating behaviors (<i>F</i> = 5.08, <i>P</i> = .008), physical activity behaviors (<i>F</i> = 15.56, <i>P</i> < .001), and all behavioral determinants (<i>P</i> < .05 for all) over 24 weeks. The intervention group also experienced a significant reduction in waist circumference compared with the control group (<i>F</i> = 5.03, <i>P</i> = .009) over the same period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The community-based behavioral intervention may be effective in promoting behavioral outcomes and waist circumference among postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Korea Clinical Trial Registry (KCT006349).</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251327391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Nurses and Counselors Regarding the Use of Telehealth in HIV Care.","authors":"Charles Peter Osingada, Mary Fran Tracy, Barbara J McMorris, Noeline Nakasujja, Tom Denis Ngabirano, Carolyn M Porta","doi":"10.1177/01939459251325744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251325744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The human immunodeficiency virus continues to pose a significant global health challenge. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted efforts to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 but also accelerated the adoption of telehealth services to support care for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, in some settings, the effective deployment of telehealth was limited by insufficient evidence on how to engage diverse patient populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to explore the perspectives of Ugandan nurses and counselors on the use of telehealth for follow-up care and treatment of PLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2022 among nurses and counselors in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected through face-to-face focus group discussions and analyzed using a conventional qualitative approach. Participants' perspectives are organized into four levels: individual, interpersonal, health facility, and public policy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 36 participants, of whom 80.6% were female and 52.8% were nurses, with ages ranging from 29 to 57 years and a mean age of 37.6 years (SD = 7.8). Participants perceived telehealth as beneficial in several areas, including reducing healthcare costs, improving the quality of care, strengthening patient-provider relationships, minimizing loss to follow-up, and supporting medication adherence. In addition, telehealth was considered suitable for various services, such as counseling, monitoring medication adherence, providing health education, and facilitating patient triage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telehealth holds significant potential to enhance HIV healthcare delivery and should be considered by all health systems providing HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251325744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Relationship Among Social Cognitive Theory-Based Constructs, Physical Activity, and Blood Pressure in Young- and Middle-Aged Adults Living With Hypertension.","authors":"Wachira Suriyawong, Tsui-Sui Annie Kao, Lorraine B Robbins, Jiying Ling, Leapetswe Malete","doi":"10.1177/01939459251326847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251326847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychosocial factors significantly influence lifestyle changes in adults with hypertension. However, research focusing specifically on these factors in young- and middle-aged adults-especially those newly diagnosed within the first 5 years-is limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between psychosocial factors guided by Social Cognitive Theory (perceived stress, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and functional and workplace support), physical activity, and blood pressure in young- and middle-aged Thai adults with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis encompassed 400 adults with hypertension (<i>M</i>_age = 47.98 years; SD = 7.66), with nearly 60% being female from 25 primary care settings in a Thai province. Confirmatory factor analysis validated latent variables, followed by structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood and robust standard errors to analyze direct and indirect effects on physical activity and blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings highlight self-efficacy in physical activity as a significant predictor of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, while functional support correlated with reduced systolic blood pressure. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity mediated the relationship between self-efficacy or functional support and systolic blood pressure. Hypertension duration (diagnosis ≤12 months vs >12 months) moderated the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or functional support and diastolic blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research presents a new, theory-driven perspective on how psychosocial factors could affect blood pressure levels through physical activity among younger adults newly diagnosed with hypertension. Nurses can leverage this insight by providing education to enhance confidence and engage patients' social networks in supporting their participation in physical activity, thereby improving blood pressure management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251326847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Needs of Patient Safety Care Among Nurses in General Hospitals.","authors":"JuHee Lee, Keum-Hee Nam, Yujin Suh, Kiyeon Kim, Hyeran Park, Yoonju Lee","doi":"10.1177/01939459251325494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251325494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Education is one of the effective strategies to improve patient safety care in healthcare. For better education, it is essential to identify areas where intervention is needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to analyze nurses' educational needs by comparing the perceived importance and performance of patient safety care in general hospitals in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 296 nurses in Korea was conducted between November and December 2022. The importance-performance analysis (IPA), Borich rank assessment, and the locus for focus (LF) model were used to compare nurses' perceived importance and performance of each aspect of patient safety care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the mean performance score of patient safety care (4.47 ± 0.52) was significantly lower than the mean importance score (4.59 ± 0.51) (<i>t</i> = 5.05, <i>P</i> < .001). As determined using IPA and the LF model, the top-priority educational needs were related to proper hand hygiene practice and side effect monitoring after medication administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provided areas where general hospital nurses need additional education to ensure patient safety. The results suggest the need for developing systematic education programs to enhance nurses' patient safety competencies, which could contribute to improving the quality of healthcare services.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251325494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is it Difficult to Recruit/Retain Asian American Family Caregivers in a Virtual Intervention?","authors":"Wonshik Chee, Seulgi Ryu, Jianing Quan, Dongmi Kim, Eun-Ok Im","doi":"10.1177/01939459251325719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459251325719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual interventions using computers and mobile devices have increasingly been developed and tested among racial and ethnic minorities in recent years. Yet, few virtual interventions have been developed for Asian American midlife women who are family caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, little is known about the feasibility of recruiting this specific group of racial/ethnic minority midlife women to a virtual intervention study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to discuss practical issues in recruiting and retaining this specific group of racial/ethnic minority midlife women for a virtual intervention study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ongoing parent study is to develop and test a preliminary version of a virtual intervention for this specific population. During the research process, the research team had regular meetings to have discussions on recruitment and retention issues and each team member wrote research diaries. A content analysis was conducted with the written records including the research team's research diaries and meeting minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The issues were: (1) an extremely small pool of Asian American midlife women who were family caregivers of persons living with AD; (2) competitions with other studies, (3) practicality of inclusion/exclusion criteria, (4) lack of time and interests in research participation, and (5) negative perception of small monetary incentives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future researchers need to consider the unique cultural and social dynamics of this specific population, foster trusted connections with the communities before initiating the study, and obtain feedback from potential gatekeepers and the communities in advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459251325719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}