Western North American Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"Use of Highway Infrastructure by Bats: A Literature Review and Survey of the Trans-Pecos Region of Texas","authors":"Holly G. Wilson, S. Robertson, R. Stevens","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bats are important components of nature and provide both monetary and nonmonetary benefits to mankind. While anthropogenic effects on wildlife and their habitats are typically viewed as negative, highway infrastructure might benefit numerous species of plants and animals, bats in particular. Cracks, crevices, and grooves within structures provide places for bats to roost. Here we review the literature on this topic as well as describe results of our own survey of bridges and culverts in the Trans-Pecos of Texas. We surveyed 204 bridges and 768 culverts between 2018 and 2019. We observed 7 species of bats using bridges or culverts as day roosts. Frequency of use of highway structures for bats varied depending on characteristics of structures. Prestressed concrete box girder bridges were the bridge type most used by bats (90.91% occupied), while steel I-beam bridges were the least used (0%). Box and pipe culverts were used in equal proportions (16.5% of box culverts and 13.7% of pipes were occupied), likely because different kinds of culverts present similar types of places for bats to roost. These findings contribute to other surveys around the country and can inform management plans for departments of transportation and wildlife managers. Resumen. Los murciélagos son componentes importantes de la naturaleza y proporcionan beneficios tanto monetarios como no monetarios a la humanidad. Si bien los efectos antropogénicos en la vida silvestre y sus hábitats se suelen considerar negativos, la infraestructura de carreteras podría beneficiar a numerosas especies de plantas y animales, en particular a los murciélagos. Las grietas, hendiduras y surcos dentro de las estructuras proporcionan lugares de descanso para los murciélagos. Revisamos la literatura sobre este tema y describimos los resultados de nuestro propio estudio de puentes y alcantarillas en Trans-Pecos de Texas. Inspeccionamos 204 puentes y 768 alcantarillas entre 2018 y 2019. Observamos 7 especies de murciélagos que usan puentes o alcantarillas como dormitorios durante el día. La frecuencia en que los murciélagos usaron las estructuras de carreteras varió según las características de las mismas. Los puentes de vigas cajón hechos de hormigón fueron los más utilizados por los murciélagos (90.91% de ocupación). Mientras que, los puentes de acero con vigas en I (0%) fueron los menos utilizados. Las alcantarillas en caja y tubería fueron usadas en proporciones iguales (16.5% alcantarillas en caja y 13.7% tuberías ocupadas), probablemente porque los diferentes tipos de alcantarillas presentan tipos similares de lugares de descanso. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a otros estudios en todo el país y pueden ofrecer información para los planes de gestión de los departamentos de transporte, así como para administradores de la vida silvestre.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"18 1","pages":"89 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88905999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two New Late Quaternary Avifaunas from the East-Central Great Basin with the Description of a New Species of Falco","authors":"S. Emslie, J. Mead","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We report 2 new late Quaternary avifaunas from cave deposits in Snake Valley, White Pine County, eastern Nevada, that provide new records of extinct and extant species in the east-central Great Basin. These avifaunas collectively represent at least 24 species, including the most northern inland record of California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) in western North America and a new species of kestrel (Falco sp.) described herein. Two extralimital living species also were identified—the Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) and Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus)—and are the first fossil records of these species in the Great Basin. We report the first radiocarbon dates on these 2 species as well as 4 new dates on Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and 1 on California Condor. The avifauna from these 2 sites, along with 2 other previously published late Pleistocene avifaunas from Smith Creek and Crystal Ball Cave in Snake Valley, comprise a remarkable diversity of extant, extralimital, and extinct species, especially waterfowl, shorebirds, raptors, and vultures that currently occupy a variety of communities, including coniferous forest and woodland, riparian, open sagebrush-steppe, and wetlands and lakes. This avian diversity was facilitated by climatic transitions that occurred before, during, and after the Last Glacial Maximum, when coniferous forest and woodland extended downward in elevation to areas where these caves are located. In addition, a southern arm of Lake Bonneville extended into Snake Valley, with associated wetlands and a high-stand lakeshore that existed only 3–4 km from the mouth of Smith Creek Canyon. The location of these caves placed them in an ecotone adjoining these various mixed communities; their fossil deposits add considerably to our knowledge of late Pleistocene avian communities in the eastern Great Basin. Resumen. Reportamos dos nuevas avifaunas del Cuaternario tardío en yacimientos de cuevas en Snake Valley, con-dado de White Pine, en el este de Nevada, que proporcionan nuevos registros de especies extintas y existentes en el centroeste de la Gran Cuenca (Great Basin). Estas avifaunas representan colectivamente al menos 24 especies, incluido el registro más norteño del cóndor de California (Gymnogyps californianus) en el oeste de Norteamérica y una nueva especie de cernícalo (Falco sp.) que se describe en este documento. También se identificaron dos especies vivas extralimitales: el pato arlequín (Histrionicus histrionicus) y el búho nival (Bubo scandiacus) que son los primeros registros fósiles de estas especies en la Gran Cuenca. Presentamos las primeras fechas de radiocarbono de estas dos especies, así como cuatro nuevas fechas del urogallo de las artemisas o urogallo de salvia (Centrocercus urophasianus) y una del cóndor de California. La avifauna de estos dos sitios, junto con otras dos avifaunas del Pleistoceno tardío de Smith Creek y Crystal Ball Cave en Snake Valley previamente publicadas, ","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"7 1","pages":"33 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87459801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Observations from Wheeler Peak Campground, Great Basin National Park","authors":"Justin P. Williams, Danielle Malesky","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902; MPB) has been causing limber pine (Pinus flexilis E. James) mortality at Great Basin National Park, Nevada, including at Wheeler Peak Campground, for many years. Research has shown that MPB voltinism and phenology are strongly influenced by climate and can vary by location and elevation, indicating the need for localized observations to inform treatment recommendations in some cases. We used emergence cages on infested tree boles, baited Lindgren funnel traps, and ambient air temperatures to describe MPB adult flight timing over 2 years. Adult MPB flight at this high-elevation site occurred from late June through early October. Based on funnel traps, peak flight occurred in early to mid-August. The majority of MPBs were captured when maximum ambient air temperatures during collection periods exceeded 21 °C, and during these periods, 2020 was warmer than 2019. In 2019, when both emergence cage and funnel trap data were available, median emergence from trees was about 10 days after median trap catch. These results highlight the appropriate timing for suppression treatments aimed at protecting high-value trees in this high-elevation, developed recreation site. Resumen. Durante muchos años, el escarabajo de pino de montaña (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902; MPB, por sus siglas en inglés) ha causado la mortalidad del pino enano (Pinus flexilis E. James) en el Parque Nacional Great Basin, en Nevada, incluido el Campamento Wheeler Peak. La investigación ha demostrado que el voltinismo y la fenología de este escarabajo, están fuertemente influenciados por el clima, además, pueden variar según la ubicación y la elevación, lo que indica la necesidad de observaciones localizadas para proporcionar recomendaciones de tratamiento en algunos casos. Utilizamos jaulas de emergencia en troncos de árboles infestados, así como trampas de embudo Lindgren con cebo a temperatura ambiente para describir el tiempo de vuelo de los escarabajos adultos durante dos años. El vuelo de los escarabajos adultos en este sitio de gran elevación ocurrió desde finales de junio hasta principios de octubre. Según las trampas de embudo, el pico de vuelo se produjo entre principios y mediados de agosto. Se capturó a la mayoría de los escarabajos de pino de montaña cuando la temperatura ambiente máxima durante los períodos de recolección superó los 21 °C, y durante el período correspondiente al 2020 fue más cálido que el 2019. En 2019, cuando se disponía de datos tanto de las jaulas de emergencia como de las trampas de embudo, el promedio de la emergencia de los árboles fue ∼10 días posteriores al promedio de captura de las trampas. Estos resultados indican el momento adecuado para llevar a cabo tratamientos de supresión destinados a proteger árboles importantes en este sitio recreativo de gran altura.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"125 1-3 1","pages":"140 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78156802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis) are Viable Seed Dispersal Agents of Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia)","authors":"S. Bartel, Juliann Schamel, Bridget A. Parrino, Melissa K. Marshall, John L. Orrock","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mammals that consume fleshy fruit and deposit viable seeds in their scat can be important agents of seed dispersal for plants. Despite the knowledge that the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) consumes large quantities of fleshy fruits, it is unknown whether seeds survive digestion by island foxes and are able to germinate. In order to evaluate whether island foxes are agents of viable seed dispersal on the Channel Islands, we collected island fox scat on Santa Cruz Island in February 2021 and conducted germination assays on digested seeds found in scat. We compared the germinability and germination rates of 200 toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) seeds digested by island foxes with that of 100 undigested seeds that were manually removed from toyon fruit collected in the same location and time period as scat collection. Over the course of 25 d, 32% of the seeds digested by island foxes germinated, and 61% of the undigested seeds germinated. Seeds digested by foxes germinated at slower rates than undigested seeds, and there was a 21.4% wider range of germination times for digested seeds than for undigested seeds. There was also substantial variation in the probability of seed germination among scat samples, ranging from 0% to 100%, indicating that the quality of dispersal by island foxes may depend upon individual fox traits or an individual fox's environment. These results show that island foxes are effective dispersal agents of toyon seeds, but the benefits of being dispersed by foxes come at a cost of reduced germination. Environmental changes on the Channel Islands that modify the diet and space use of island foxes could therefore affect dispersal and recruitment of island plants. Resumen. Los mamíferos que consumen frutos carnosos y dejan semillas viables en sus excrementos pueden ser importantes agentes de dispersión de semillas de plantas. A pesar de que, se sabe que el zorro isleño (Urocyon littoralis) consume grandes cantidades de frutos carnosos, se desconoce si las semillas sobreviven al proceso de digestión y son capaces de germinar. Para evaluar si los zorros isleños son agentes de dispersión de semillas viables en las Islas del Canal (Channel Islands), recolectamos excremento de zorros isleños en la isla Santa Cruz en febrero de 2021 y llevamos a cabo análisis de germinación en las semillas digeridas que se encontraron en los excrementos. Comparamos la germinabilidad y las tasas de germinación de 200 semillas de toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) digeridas por zorros isleños con las de 100 semillas no digeridas que se extrajeron manualmente de la fruta de toyon recolectada en el mismo lugar y período de tiempo que la recolección de excrementos. Durante el transcurso de 25 días, germinaron el 32% de las semillas digeridas por los zorros isleños y el 61% de las semillas sin digerir. Las semillas digeridas por los zorros germinaron a un ritmo más lento que las semillas sin digerir, y se detectó un intervalo de tiempo de germinación de 2","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"29 1","pages":"23 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88877740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Astragalus amnis-amissi (Fabaceae), a Plant Endemic to East-Central Idaho","authors":"Michael Daines","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Astragalus amnis-amissi (Fabaceae), or Lost River milkvetch, is a plant endemic to east-central Idaho for which no published surveys have been completed in the last 18 years. A search for several previously documented populations in canyons of the southern Lemhi Range and the Lost River Range, in Butte and Custer Counties, Idaho, documented the species in 4 canyons. However, it was not relocated in an unnamed canyon in the southern Lemhi Range, indicating potential extirpation of 1 of 2 previously known populations documented on land managed by the USDI Bureau of Land Management. No new populations of A. amnis-amissi were found. Future studies on A. amnis-amissi could focus on searching for new populations, confirming the persistence of historical populations, and documenting baseline demographic data to understand potential threats to the species' long-term survival, especially climate change and recreational climbing. Resumen.— Astragalus amnis-amissi (Fabaceae), o Lost River milkvetch, es una planta endémica del centro-este de Idaho para la cual no se han completado estudios publicados en los últimos 18 años. La búsqueda de varias poblaciones previamente documentadas en cañones del sur de Lemhi Range y Lost River Range, en los condados de Butte y Custer, Idaho, registró la especie en cuatro cañones. Sin embargo, no se volvió a encontrar en un cañón sin nombre en el sur de Lemhi Range, lo que indica la posible extirpación de una de las dos poblaciones previamente documentadas en tierras administradas por la USDI Oficina de Administración de Tierras. Ninguna nueva población de A. amnis-amissi fue encontrada. Los futuros estudios sobre A. amnis-amissi podrían enfocarse en buscar nuevas poblaciones, confirmar la persistencia de poblaciones históricas y documentar datos demográficos de referencia para comprender riesgos potenciales para la supervivencia a largo plazo de la especie, especialmente el cambio climático y la escalada recreativa.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"39 1","pages":"146 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74423190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Bird Reports from the Trans-Pecos District of Chihuahua, Mexico, Including Five New Additions to the State of Chihuahua","authors":"Israel Moreno-Contreras, Fernando Mondaca-Fernández, Daniel Enrique Pérez-Carrillo, José Manuel Jurado-Ruiz, María Cristina Pérez-Amezola, Marisa Tirado-Madrid, W. Howe","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We present new distributional information on 21 species of birds from the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, 5 of which represent the first documented records for this state. Several observations are of birds normally associated with the Sierra Madre Occidental province, suggesting that these species may be regular wanderers to the Trans-Pecos district of Chihuahua. Resumen. Presentamos nueva información sobre 21 especies de aves del estado de Chihuahua, México. Cinco de ellas representan el primer registro documentado para Chihuahua. Nuestras observaciones adicionales son de aves asociadas con la provincia de la Sierra Madre Occidental, sin embargo, estos registros sugieren que estas especies son transitorias o visitantes invernales raras o accidentales en el distrito Trans-Pecos de Chihuahua.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"117 1","pages":"131 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79881911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Monogamous Male and Female Texas Cichlid Parents Defend Their Offspring Similarly?","authors":"J. L. Snekser, Layla Al-Shaer, A. Bloch, M. Itzkowitz","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Biparental care involves both parents contributing to offspring, though each parent does not necessarily contribute equally or in the same manner. While offspring benefit from parental care, sexual conflict arises within parental pairs because each sex would benefit from a partner's greater contribution to the young. Nevertheless, each parent may be better suited or have preferences for the type and intensity of care they provide. Here, we examined parental pairs of Texas Cichlids in a naturally occurring population in southwest Texas as they defended their free-swimming fry against potential conspecific and heterospecific predators. Sex differences were apparent, with females generally directing higher levels of aggression at intruding fishes and males spending more time away from the brood of fry. Although parents performed the same activities, they exhibited these activities with different durations and frequencies, with the result that the male parents spent less time with the fry and chased fewer intruders. Resumen. El cuidado biparental implica que ambos padres contribuyen a la descendencia, aunque cada uno de ellos no contribuye necesariamente por igual o de la misma manera. Aunque las crías se benefician de los cuidados de los padres, surge un conflicto sexual dentro de las parejas parentales, ya que cada sexo se beneficiaría con una gran contribución a las crías por parte de su pareja. Sin embargo, cada progenitor puede ser más adecuado o tener preferencias en cuanto al tipo e intensidad de los cuidados que proporciona. Aquí, examinamos las parejas parentales de Texas Cichlids en una población que se da de forma natural en el suroeste de Texas mientras defendían a sus alevines que nadaban libremente contra posibles depredadores coespecíficos y heteroespecíficos. Las diferencias de sexo fueron evidentes, ya que las hembras generalmente dirigían mayores niveles de agresión a los peces intrusos y los machos pasaban más tiempo lejos de la cría de alevines. A pesar de que los progenitores realizaban las mismas actividades, las mostraban con distinta duración y frecuencia, de modo que los machos pasaban menos tiempo con los alevines, perseguían a menos intrusos.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76733006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral Visitors of a Colorado Endemic Chasmophyte, Telesonix jamesii (Saxifragaceae)","authors":"Andrew G. Gaier, Erin A. Manzitto‐Tripp, J. Resasco","doi":"10.3398/064.083.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.083.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Telesonix jamesii, a rare and imperiled species of perennial saxifrage, is restricted to rocky habitats at high elevations across 21 isolated, known populations in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. Despite its imperiled conservation status, very little is known about the natural history of T. jamesii. We studied pollination of this species during the summers of 2019–2021 at multiple locations on Pikes Peak, Colorado. We conducted a total of 899 min of pollinator surveys, identifying all floral visitors during this time period. We then examined floral visitors for the presence of T. jamesii pollen to determine which species might be effective pollinators. We found that flowers of T. jamesii are visited by a diverse assemblage of insects and one species of hummingbird. Bumble bees (Bombus) were the most commonly observed species visiting flowers, as well as the only group found carrying T. jamesii pollen on their bodies. Our findings suggest that T. jamesii is infrequently pollinated, and we speculate that gene flow for this species may be low. This work constitutes the first investigation into the field pollination ecology of T. jamesii. Our study warrants future investigation into the population genetics of this species as well as surveys of historical occurrences and high-suitability habitat for populations. Resumen.— Telesonix jamesii, una especie perenne de saxífraga rara y en peligro, esta restringida a hábitats rocosos en altas elevaciones entre 21 populaciones aisladas conocidas en las sureñas Rocky Mountains de Colorado y New Mexico. A pesar de su estado de conservación arriesgado, se sabe muy poco sobre la historia natural de T. jamesii. Estudiamos la polinización de esta especie durante los veranos de 2019–2021 en múltiples sitios en Pikes Peak, Colorado. Realizamos un total de 899 minutos de muestreos de polinización, identificando a todos los visitantes florales durante este período de tiempo. Luego examinamos a los visitantes florales para detectar la presencia de polen de T. jamesii para determinar cuales especies podrían ser polinizadores efectivos. Aquí, encontramos que las flores de T. jamesii son visitadas por un conjunto diverso de insectos y una especie de colibrí. Los abejorros (Bombus) fueron las especies más frecuentemente observadas visitando flores, así como el único grupo encontrado portando polen de T. jamesii. Nuestros descubrimientos sugieren que T. jamesii se poliniza con poca frecuencia y especulamos que el flujo de genes para esta especie puede ser bajo. Esto constituye la primera investigación de campo sobre la ecología de polinización de T. jamesii. Nuestro estudio justifica una investigación futura sobre la genética de poblaciones de esta especie, así como el estudio de ocurrencias históricas y de hábitats de alta idoneidad para poblaciones.","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"15 1","pages":"104 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77553728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Related to the Distribution and Abundance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Central Idaho","authors":"K. Meyer, C. Roth, Brock Lipple, P. Link","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Native resident salmonids throughout North America have experienced population declines, and understanding factors that influence their contemporary distribution and abundance may help conserve and manage such species. We examined the influence of several environmental factors on the current distribution and abundance of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in central Idaho, based on snorkel survey data collected from 2010 to 2019. In total, 2758 snorkel surveys were conducted at 1000 sites; cutthroat trout were present during 1277 of the surveys, and their occupancy rate was higher if brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were absent (0.48) than if brook trout were present (0.31). During surveys where cutthroat trout were present, mean density was 1.81 fish/100 m2. Underlying lithology was associated with westslope cutthroat trout distribution but not their abundance, suggesting that lithology may influence broader habitat features that affect their ability to fulfill a component of their life history, such as spawning or overwinter survival, more so than characteristics that affect their abundance, such as microhabitat suitability. Not surprisingly, westslope cutthroat trout occupancy was negatively influenced by the abundance of nonnative brook trout, but in central Idaho this effect is tempered by the limited distribution of brook trout. Both the occupancy and the abundance of westslope cutthroat trout were related in a nonlinear, dome-shaped manner to site elevation; considering that elevation was included as a surrogate for stream water temperature (which is also commonly related to trout occupancy and abundance in a dome-shaped manner), intermediate stream elevations (in central Idaho, 800 to 1600 m) currently seem to provide an ideal thermal regime for westslope cutthroat trout. Resumen. Los salmónidos nativos residentes en toda América del Norte han sufrido la disminución de sus poblaciones, el comprender los factores que influyen en la distribución y abundancia actual podría ayudar a conservar y gestionar estas especies. Examinamos la influencia de varios factores ambientales en la distribución y abundancia actual de la trucha degollada de westslope Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi en el centro de Idaho, basados en los datos obtenidos a través de muestreo con esnórquel entre 2010 y 2019. En total, se realizaron 2758 muestreos con esnórquel en 1000 sitios. La trucha degollada estuvo presente en 1277 de los muestreos, y su tasa de ocupación fue mayor cuando la trucha de arroyo Salvelinus fontinalis no se encontró (0.48), en compasión de cuando si estuvo presente (0.31). Durante los muestreos en los que la trucha común estuvo presente, la densidad media fue de 1.81 peces/100 m2. La litología subyacente se asoció con la distribución de la trucha degollada de westslope, pero no con su abundancia, lo que sugiere que la litología podría influir en características más amplias del hábitat, que afectan su capacidad para cumplir ","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"24 1","pages":"734 - 747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84035484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries and Abnormalities of the Southwestern Pond Turtle (Actinemys pallida) in the Mojave River of California","authors":"K. Cummings, J. Lovich, Shellie R. Puffer, Sarah Greely, Christopher D. Otahal, James G. Gannon","doi":"10.3398/064.082.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3398/064.082.0407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) is a semiaquatic turtle that occasionally spends time on land to bask, oviposit, make intermittent overland movements, and overwinter in terrestrial locations. Use of both aquatic and terrestrial environments exposes semiaquatic turtles to increased risk of injury or mortality from floods, predation attempts, and other environmental hazards (e.g., human activities such as vehicle strikes, etc.). We collected injury and morphological abnormality data from adult turtles at 3 study sites along the length of the Mojave River in San Bernardino County, California: 1 site on the upper half of the Mojave River (hereafter known as UHMRS) and 2 sites each on the lower half of the Mojave River (hereafter known as LHMRS). The studies were conducted when turtles were most active between May and October 1998–1999 and again from April to September 2016–2019. A total of 84 A. pallida were captured among all sites and all years. Seventeen percent (n = 8) of the turtles captured at UHMRS exhibited shell abnormalities (natural variations in shell or bone morphology). Injuries (damage inflicted by force to the shell or body) occurred in 68% (n = 26) of captured turtles at both the LHMRS sites combined and 78% (n = 36) of turtles captured at the UHMRS alone. A total of 74% (n = 62) of turtles had injuries at all sites combined. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of injured and noninjured turtles between the sexes for either the 2 LHMRS sites combined or the UHMRS. Mean carapace length was not significantly different between injured and noninjured turtles for these same sites. Injuries occurred in the majority of captured turtles at all sites and may be an indicator of the extent of threats facing these turtles. Resumen. La tortuga de estanque del suroeste (Actinemys pallida) es una tortuga semiacuática que, de vez en cuando, pasa tiempo en la tierra para asolearse, ovipositar, realizar movimientos intermitentes e hibernar en tierra. El uso de ambos medios, acuático y terrestre, expone a las tortugas semiacuáticas a un mayor riesgo de lesiones o mortalidad por inundaciones, intentos de depredación y otros peligros ambientales (por ejemplo, actividades humanas, tales como choques vehiculares, etc.). Recolectamos datos de lesiones y anormalidades morfológicas de tortugas adultas en tres sitios de estudio a lo largo del río Mojave en el condado de San Bernardino, California. Un sitio en la sección superior del río Mojave (en adelante conocido como UHMRS) y dos sitios en la sección inferior del río Mojave (en adelante conocidos como LHMRS). Los estudios se realizaron durante la temporada de mayor actividad de las tortugas entre mayo y octubre de 1998–1999 y nuevamente entre abril y septiembre de 2016–2019. Se capturó un total de 84 A. pallida entre todos los sitios y todos los años. El 17% (n = 8) de las tortugas capturadas en UHMRS presentaban anomalías en el caparazón (variaciones naturales en","PeriodicalId":49364,"journal":{"name":"Western North American Naturalist","volume":"192 1","pages":"719 - 733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73949490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}