Acta Geotechnica最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on mechanical behavior of additive-manufactured geogrid-reinforced sand","authors":"Chih-Hsuan Liu,&nbsp;Chi-Cheng Lo,&nbsp;Ching Hung","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02637-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02637-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the innovative application of additive-manufactured (AM) geogrids in enhancing the mechanical behavior of reinforced sand, addressing the limitations associated with commercially available and manually fabricated reinforcements. The novel AM geogrids, integrating the benefits of traditional geogrids and vertical walls, are designed to enhance the performance of reinforced sand. A series of consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests is conducted on both unreinforced and reinforced sand samples to examine the effects of geogrid aperture shapes (square and triangular), number of geogrid layers (single and two layers), geogrid forms (2D and 3D) under varying effective mean stresses (50, 100, and 200 kPa). The findings indicate that the AM geogrid with a triangular aperture shape and a 3D form (T3D), reinforced with two layers on the sand achieves the highest shear strength improvement, showing a 467% improvement under an effective mean stress of 50 kPa. Additionally, the modulus of elasticity notably increased to 9.094 MPa for T3D with two layers under an effective mean stress of 200 kPa, indicating a substantial improvement in stiffness. These improvements can be ascribed to the combined effect of geogrid and vertical walls, where geogrids mobilize shear resistance and interlock sand grains, while vertical walls enhance lateral confinement and passive resistance. The findings provide critical insights for optimizing geogrid design, contributing to advancements in geotechnical engineering and soil reinforcement technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 9","pages":"4553 - 4569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of desiccation cracking characteristics of inorganic micro-fiber-reinforced engineered barrier material (IMEBM) for geological repository","authors":"Yuan Feng,&nbsp;Seunghee Kim,&nbsp;Yong-Rak Kim,&nbsp;Yuris Dzenis,&nbsp;Jongwan Eun","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02627-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02627-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buffer material is crucial for the engineering barrier system to dispose of high-level radioactive waste in a geological repository. A reliable buffer material should be able to maintain good sealing characteristics and minimize desiccation cracking. In this study, the effectiveness of inorganic fiber-reinforced engineering barrier material in reducing desiccation cracks in bentonite was evaluated via desiccation tests, image analysis, and air permeability tests. The effects of fiber type (E-glass fiber and basalt fiber) and fiber content (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 5.0% of dry weight of the bentonite) on the development of desiccation cracks in the fiber–bentonite mixtures with the same given initial moisture content were evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of fibers could significantly reduce the crack size and area in bentonite during the drying. Basalt fibers showed a slightly better reinforcement effect than E-glass fibers when the fiber content was lower than 3.0%. The addition of fibers prevented the development of penetrating cracks and significantly reduced the permeability of the bentonite after drying. The permeabilities of basalt fiber- and E-glass fiber-reinforced bentonite composites with 3% reinforcement were 5.81 × 10^–11 m² and 7.24 × 10^–11 m², respectively, which were 64 and 51 times smaller than that of pure bentonite. X-ray–CT observation of the internal structure of the samples after drying showed that the addition of fibers significantly changed the crack morphology and potentially increased the tortuosity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4147 - 4165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-025-02627-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale characterization of the hydromechanical behavior of a heterogeneous porous sandstone using neutron and X-ray tomographies","authors":"Fernando Vieira Lima,&nbsp;Stephen Hall,&nbsp;Jonas Engqvist,&nbsp;Erika Tudisco,&nbsp;Robin Woracek,&nbsp;Alessandro Tengattini,&nbsp;Cyrille Couture","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02621-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02621-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the hydromechanical behavior of porous media such as sandstones is critical to various geoengineering applications such as geologic carbon storage, geothermal projects, oil and gas production and environmental remediation in aquifers. In these contexts, accurate quantification of the constitutive hydromechanical behavior of sandstones is necessary to predict reservoir responses. In this work, neutron tomography data were acquired during coupled triaxial-flow tests on Idaho Gray sandstone cores to characterize the full-field hydromechanical response. The hydromechanical response was then correlated to macroscopic observations obtained at the sample boundaries and to the initial natural microstructural heterogeneity characterized using high-resolution X-ray tomography. The flow tests involved saturating samples with D₂O and performing volume-driven H₂O injection, with rapid (1-min) neutron in situ tomography. Digital volume correlation (DVC) on high-resolution neutron tomography data enabled tracking of 3D strain evolution describing the mechanical deformation. Neutron tomography data acquired during the permeability tests enabled 4D (3D + time) fluid flow analysis, revealing heterogeneous percolation paths. The comparison of the initial porosity and strain fields indicated that sample porosity heterogeneity influenced both strain evolution and shear band localization. Additionally, a relationship was identified between the evolution of the fluid flow field and the strain field. Notably, changes in percolation paths correlated with the evolution of the volumetric strain field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4075 - 4094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-025-02621-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the durability and long-term behavior of cement-stabilized soil in post-grouted piles embedded in sand","authors":"Zhihui Wan,&nbsp;Kai Qi,&nbsp;Tao Hu,&nbsp;Zilong Guo,&nbsp;Feng Zhou,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02629-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02629-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the durability and long-term bearing behavior of post-grouted piles in sand. Laboratory tests were conducted on cement-stabilized sand exposed to seawater erosion environments to investigate the effects of curing times and cement ratios on soil strength using micro-cone penetration (MCPT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The strength distribution, microstructure, and phase composition of cement-stabilized soil were analyzed to determine the characteristics of strength changes. Furthermore, long-term field static load tests were performed on the Yinchuan Beijing Road extension and Binhe Yellow River Bridge project to investigate the relationship between the change in strength of cement-stabilized soil under erosion environments and the time effect of post-grouting at the pile tip. The results indicated that erosion damage to the cement-stabilized soil occurs from shallow to deep as the curing time increases, resulting in a reduction in its strength due to the formation of hydration products and products with poor gelation and low strength. Conversely, an increase in cement ratios resulted in heightened hydration products, which subsequently increased strength and significantly reduced the depth of erosion damage. The change in strength of cement-stabilized soil under seawater erosion environment is a combined result of the strengthening effect of hydration reaction and the weakening effect of erosion reaction. This change is the main reason for the time effect of post-grouting at the pile tip, allowing for effective control of pile foundation settlement with increasing time. The research findings provide valuable insights for evaluating the durability and long-term bearing behavior of post-grouted piles in sand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 9","pages":"4571 - 4588"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-hydrogel and biomineralization in improving water retention ability of sandy soils","authors":"Yang Xiao,&nbsp;Guiyong Fu,&nbsp;Jinquan Shi,&nbsp;Xiaoli Huang,&nbsp;Hao Cui,&nbsp;Hanlong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02623-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02623-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Promoting the water retention capacity of soils has become an emerging and crucial topic, both for agricultural farming and mitigating the impact of extreme climate. In this study, bio-hydrogel and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) were used to treat sand through small-scale box tests. The water retention capacity and surface strength of the treated sands were investigated, considering the effects of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) type, SAP content, biotreatment level, and biotreatment strategies. The test results show that the water retention capacity of the SAP-treated sands can be significantly improved with the addition of SAP. MICP further improves the water retention ability of SAP-treated sands, but its effectiveness depends on the MICP treatment strategies. Soil surface strength can be improved with the addition of SAP and be further enhanced with MICP treatment. With MICP treatment, the morphology of xanthan gum (XG) bonds can be changed significantly. The mixture of XG and CaCO₃ forms a structure with abundant pores. The XG and CaCO₃ crystals can be distinguished or can be seen as a compound in the specimens when different biotreatment methods were used. The porous structure gives a potential explanation for the improved water retention of the SAP-treated sands. This study provides valuable insights into the improvement of soil water retention and soil strength and verifies the potential applications of bio-hydrogel and MICP in both agriculture and environmental conservation fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 9","pages":"4589 - 4597"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal IM selection using fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making method for submarine shield tunnel in layered liquefiable seabed","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang,&nbsp;Yingyi Pan,&nbsp;Hai Liu,&nbsp;Jie Cui,&nbsp;Chao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02618-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02618-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selecting the optimal intensity measure (IM) is essential for accurately assessing the seismic performance of the submarine shield tunnels in the layered liquefiable seabed. However, current research relies on simplistic ranking or filtering methods that neglect the different contributions of each evaluation criterion on IM’s overall performance. To address this, this study begins by developing a numerical simulation method for nonlinear dynamic analysis, considering joint deformation, ocean environmental loads, and soil liquefaction, which is validated by experimental and theoretical methods. Subsequently, a fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (FMCDM) method based on fuzzy probabilistic seismic demand models (FPSDM) is proposed, which integrates the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) for calculating weights and the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) for ranking IM alternatives. Finally, tunnel damage is classified into four states employing joint opening as the index for measuring damage, then the seismic fragility analysis is conducted. The results indicate that the optimal IM of a submarine shield tunnel situated in layered liquefiable seabed is sustained maximum velocity (SMV). Furthermore, the comparison between the fragility curves established using SMV and peak ground acceleration (PGA) reveals PGA, a frequently employed IM, notably undervaluing the seismic hazard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 9","pages":"4817 - 4839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field observational study of offshore wind turbine dynamic response to a marine earthquake event (Ms 5.0) in the South Yellow Sea, China, on November 17, 2021","authors":"Liuyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Zhigang Shan,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Peng Peng,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhan,&nbsp;Wuwei Mao","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02628-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02628-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Ms 5.0 earthquake occurred in the South Yellow Sea in the area offshore of Dafeng (China) on November 17, 2021. The authors were monitoring wind turbine vibrations at regional offshore wind farms during the earthquake period, collecting valuable field data. Records from several surrounding onshore seismic stations were also examined. Analysis of the self-vibration status of offshore wind turbines revealed that the signal spectrum of the working status of the turbines was broadly the same before and after the earthquake, indicating that the earthquake had no impact on the self-vibration frequency or the structural system of the turbines. National seismic monitoring network data revealed that Yancheng station was the only land-based seismic station recording seismic acceleration of 0.04 m/s², which was much lower than that at the bottom of the wind turbine tower, i.e., 0.1–0.2 m/s². The seismic action, input from the tower bottom, had a frequency higher than the first-order self-oscillation frequency (0.25 Hz) and lower than the second-order self-oscillation frequency (2 Hz) of the turbines. The turbines experienced both first-order and second-order vibration under seismic action, with lower parts vibrating at a higher frequency and upper parts close to the first-order self-oscillation frequency (0.27 Hz) measured during the earthquake. As height increased, the wind turbine acceleration response changed from high to low frequency. Due to these factors, the top of the wind turbine exhibited low-frequency vibration, differing from the main seismic frequency, resulting in a weak seismic response. Notably, the seismic response of several turbines in the Dafeng wind farm was largest at 0.66 times the hub height, about twice the magnitude of the response at the tower base. This research contributes field observational data that can serve as a valuable reference for dynamic model testing and numerical simulations, thereby enhancing the efficacy of practical engineering design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4167 - 4181"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of cross-anisotropic behavior of clay under 3D stress conditions","authors":"Pongpipat Anantanasakul,&nbsp;Victor N. Kaliakin","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02619-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02619-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consolidated-drained true triaxial tests with constant <span>(b)</span> values were performed on normally consolidated cross-anisotropic kaolin clay. Isotropic stress probes were incorporated into these true triaxial tests to study the orientations of plastic strain increment vectors and positioning of the plastic potential surface at different levels of shearing. An isotropic compression test was also performed to characterize the cross-anisotropic response of the clay. Pronounced cross-anisotropy was observed in the <span>(K_{0})</span> consolidated kaolin clay during shear, particularly when the major and minor principal stresses were perpendicular and parallel to the axis of material symmetry, respectively. A simple rotational kinematic hardening mechanism incorporated into the single hardening constitutive model for soil has been found to fairly accurately simulate the evolution of anisotropy in the form of expansion and rotation of the yield and plastic potential surfaces during true triaxial shearing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 7","pages":"3291 - 3308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-025-02619-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified one-phase-low-pH EICP method using low-pH cementation solution for soil biomineralization","authors":"Yi-Wei Chen,&nbsp;Ming-Juan Cui,&nbsp;Han-Jiang Lai,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Zheng,&nbsp;Yu-Xiao Ren","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02625-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02625-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One-phase-low-pH method is a simple, efficient and easy-to-use biogrouting method for biomineralization based on an Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) process. This method utilizes the low-pH biotreatment solution (a mixture of urease solution and cementation solution) to provide a lag period for the biomineralization process, allowing the biotreatment solution to be uniformly distributed within the soil and thereby improving the uniform distribution of calcium carbonate. The existing one-phase-low-pH method uses a low pH urease solution to prepare the biotreatment solution. However, long-term exposure to a low pH environment may result in a decrease in activity or even inactivation of urease, which is not conducive to the practical application of this technology. In this study, a modified one-phase-low-pH method using low pH cementation solution is proposed. Three sets of tests, including urease activity durability tests, solution tests, and sand column treatment tests, were conducted in this study to clarify the necessity and feasibility of the modified method. The test results showed that the acidic environment accelerated the decrease of urease activity over time. This phenomenon would be more pronounced at a lower pH, and urease would be immediately inactive at a pH lower than 4.5. Meanwhile, a high chemical concentration would also lead to a decrease in activity or even inactivation of urease. If urease is active and the initial pH of the biotreatment solution is higher than 4.5, the pH of the biotreatment solution will rapidly rise to a weakly alkaline state and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation can occur. A biotreatment solution that would produce relatively uniform biomineralization can be prepared by using cementation solution with a pH range of 1.25–3.5 and bacterial urease solution in a volume ratio of 1:1. For the sand column with relatively uniform biomineralization, the pH of the cementation solution (or the initial pH of the biotreatment solution) has a negligible effect on the strength enhancement for similar calcium carbonate content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 8","pages":"4133 - 4146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal settlement deformation characteristics analysis of rockfill dam with anti-impact FBG sensing array","authors":"Heming Han,&nbsp;Xingxing Huang,&nbsp;Bin Shi,&nbsp;Xuedong Zhang,&nbsp;Guangqing Wei,&nbsp;Fusheng Zha","doi":"10.1007/s11440-025-02612-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-025-02612-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the widespread application of rockfill dams, preventing potential failures in rockfill dams during the construction and operation periods is critically important. Settlement monitoring of rockfill dams is an efficient and feasible method of the disaster prevention. However, the current dam settlement monitoring technology is mostly point-based and has a low survival rate with the rockfill construction condition. To address the issue, the FBG sensing array is proposed to continuously obtain the rockfill dam settlement in space and time. The FBG sensing array employs advanced grating direct writing technology and packaging method, which has the advantages of high sensitivity and impact resistance. Furthermore, tests were conducted to validate the sensor performance. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the settlement monitoring of a rockfill dam on the Jinsha River in Sichuan, China. The research results demonstrate that the installed FBG sensing array successfully captures spatiotemporal continuous settlement data of the rockfill dam. Analysis of on-site monitoring data revealed the spatiotemporal deformation characteristics of the rockfill dam. Intensive rainfall significantly contributed to settlement in the middle and upper parts of the rockfill dam during operation. The proposed method comprehensively captures dam deformation data in advance, which is of great significance for the early warning of dam instability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 9","pages":"4803 - 4816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}