Acta Geotechnica最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of compression behavior of granular soils considering initial density effect based on equivalent concept","authors":"Yiwen Zeng,&nbsp;Xiusong Shi,&nbsp;Jidong Zhao,&nbsp;Xia Bian,&nbsp;Jiaying Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02429-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02429-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compressibility of granular materials depends on its initial density and is significantly affected by particle breakage, especially at high stress levels. In this study, a simple compression model for granular soils is proposed by incorporating a new equivalent concept. The initial density effect on the curvature of compression line is captured by a novel equivalent void ratio, which features a state variable for describing the evolution of grain crushing and corresponding yielding behavior. An Equivalent Compression Curve (ECC) is further established by directly implementing the equivalent void ratio into a reference compression curve. Validation has been done by comparing the simulated curves with the test data from available literature. It reveals a good linear relationship between the state variable and breakage index. Moreover, the ECC can well normalize the compression behavior of granular soils with a wide range of initial densities and stress levels. The simplified version of ECC includes only three parameters which are consistent with the reference model. The proposed model provides a basis for establishing versatile and rigorous hardening law that can be readily used in conjunction with the general elasto-plasticity theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1035 - 1048"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of incremental stress ratio in mechanical behavior and particle breakage of calcareous sand","authors":"Shao-Heng He,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin,&nbsp;Zhi Ding,&nbsp;Yifei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02400-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02400-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calcareous sand has been used in reclamation for constructing artificial islands. It suffers different stress paths with varying constant incremental stress ratios (Δ<i>q</i>/Δ<i>p'</i>), exhibiting diverse mechanical characteristics with grain crushing. However, previous experimental studies mainly focused on conventional triaxial stress path (Δ<i>q</i>/Δ<i>p'</i> = 3). This study aims to investigate more unconventional shear stress paths, such as constant ratios of Δ<i>q</i>/Δ<i>p'</i> (<span>( = -0.5, , -1.5, , 2)</span>, where negative ratio corresponding to <i>p'</i>-decreasing, and vice versa) and constant <i>p'</i> (Δ<i>q</i>/Δ<i>p'</i> = infinite) on both anisotropically and isotropically consolidated calcareous sand. For comparison, the conventional triaxial tests under constant confining pressure (Δ<i>q</i>/Δ<i>p'</i> = 3) are also performed. For all tested samples, the grain size distribution is measured to quantify the particle breakage after loading. It is found that shear stress path plays a significant role in the mechanical of calcareous sand. Despite varying degrees of particle breakage caused by different stress paths, the relationship between the peak state friction angle with the maximum dilatancy angle and state parameter is unique. Irrespective of the consolidation/shear stress path, the peak friction angle consistently exhibits a monotonic increase with the maximum dilatancy angle, while exponentially decreases with the increasing of state parameter. Additionally, particle breakage causes a downward curvature of the critical state line (CSL) in the <i>e</i>–ln<i>p</i>' plane. However, irrespective of the stress path, the CSL remains linear when plotted in <i>e</i>–(<i>p</i>'/<i>p</i>_a)^<i>ξ</i> and the <i>e</i>–ln(<i>p</i>' + <i>p</i>_r) plane. The findings are helpful for understanding the mechanical behavior and modeling of crushable calcareous sand under complex loads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 1","pages":"167 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The curing mechanism and empirical model for the marine organic soft clay stabilized with calcium carbide residue and silica fume under the optimal ratio","authors":"J. -F. Zhu,&nbsp;Q. -Q. Zheng,&nbsp;Y. -L. Tao,&nbsp;L. -Y. Ju,&nbsp;H. Yang,&nbsp;X. -N. Gong,&nbsp;B. -J. Pan,&nbsp;Z. -Q. Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02413-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02413-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aimed to elucidate the curing mechanism and establish an empirical model for the stabilization of marine organic soft clay (MOSC) using a combination of calcium carbide residue (CCR) and silica fume (SF) at the optimal proportion, employing response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with multi-scale characterization techniques. Initial investigations involved a series of unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests conducted on CCR and SF to ascertain the most effective dosage of each material for the stabilization of MOSC. Notably, it was observed that CCR exerted a more pronounced influence on enhancing MOSC properties when compared to SF. Further refinement of the optimal CCR-SF ratio was undertaken utilizing RSM, culminating in the establishment of a novel binder, denominated as PZ-2, with a composition ratio of 56% CCR and 44% SF. Characterization through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) identified the primary products formed within the stabilized MOSC matrix with PZ-2 as comprising C–S–H, calcite, and dolomite. SEM analyses unveiled a substantially improved microstructure characterized by the presence of flocculent and agglomerate products in MOSC stabilized with PZ-2. Moreover, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) results indicated reduced pore volume in cured MOSC as opposed to its raw counterpart, indicative of a stronger microstructural configuration post-stabilization. The salutary effects of PZ-2 on MOSC stabilization were attributed to mechanisms encompassing pozzolanic reactions, neutralization, carbonation, and ion exchange. Additionally, it was noted that PZ-2 offered cost and environmental advantages over conventional Portland cement (PO 32.5). To facilitate practical applications, empirical models predicting the UCS strength of cured MOSC were developed incorporating key parameters such as initial water content (<i>w</i>_i), organic matter content (<i>w</i>_o), and binder content (<i>w</i>_b,) with the optimal mixing ratio. These models demonstrated reliability and utility in guiding effective strategies for strengthening MOSC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 2","pages":"683 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-reinforcement efficiency of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation modified by sword bean crude urease combined with multiple enhancers on bio-cemented sand","authors":"Lingxiao Liu,&nbsp;Yaqing Gao,&nbsp;Hao Meng,&nbsp;Xinwen Cao,&nbsp;Zhanbin Wang,&nbsp;Bin Liu,&nbsp;Jia He","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02436-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02436-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an appealing bio-cementation technology for soil improvement in geotechnical engineering. This study investigated the bio-reinforcement efficacy of sword bean crude urease (SWCU)-mediated EICP and the enhancement effect of various additives on it. A set of sand column specimens with different bio-cementation levels were prepared. Magnesium chloride, sucrose, xanthan gum, sisal fiber, calcite seeds, and skim milk powder were adopted for comparison. Bio-reinforcement efficacy was evaluated by mechanical properties. SWCU possessed a ~ 127% higher specific activity than entry-level commercial urease while saving over 2000 times the enzyme cost. All specimens treated with SWCU-mediated EICP presented excellent moldability and uniformity for one-time treatment. UCS increased exponentially with bio-cementation level due to the uniformly growing CaCO₃ content and crystal size. UCS of ~ 1.8 MPa was achieved in a single treatment using 60 g/L SWCU and 3.0 M urea-CaCl₂. SWCU exhibited a superior bio-reinforcement efficiency over soybean crude urease, commercial urease, and bacterial urease, since higher soil strength was achieved at lower CaCO₃ content. Magnesium chloride showed the most significant enhancement effect, implying an extensive application prospect of SWCU-mediated EICP in seawater environments. The absence of wet strength, markedly elevated dry strength, and notably higher stiffness and hardness at low stress (load) phase indicated that xanthan gum would be more suitable for windbreak and sand fixation in arid/semi-arid environments. Sisal fiber could also effectively improve soil mechanical properties; however, the labor and time costs caused by its premixing with soil should be considered additionally in practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1193 - 1212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of bentonite in improving the anti-seepage durability of fly ash-based geopolymer cutoff wall backfill under dry–wet cycles","authors":"Hong-Xin Chen,&nbsp;Qin-Pei Xue,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Shi-Jin Feng,&nbsp;Dong-Jiang Lv,&nbsp;Hong-De Mu,&nbsp;Chun-Hui Peng","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02446-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02446-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vertical cutoff walls have been widely employed for groundwater control and in situ containment of subsurface pollutants. The traditional cutoff wall materials are usually highly susceptible to dry–wet cycles due to precipitation, drought, and groundwater fluctuation, leading to cracking or even disintegration. This study adopted sodium bentonite (NaB) to enhance the anti-seepage durability of fly ash-based geopolymer cutoff wall backfill (GCWB) under dry–wet cycles. The influence of bentonite content on the workability, unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity and durability of GCWB was comprehensively examined. To explore the evolution mechanism of GCWB under dry–wet cycles, the microstructural characteristics were assessed by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy tests. Proper incorporation of bentonite can improve the water retention ability and enhance the integrity of matrix. The optimal material ratio with the lowest hydraulic conductivity was NaB-3% which can achieve 4.73 × 10^–11 m/s after cured for 28 days. The hydraulic conductivity of NaB-3% gradually increased to 5.00 × 10^–9 m/s after five cycles, which was 70.7% lower than that devoid of NaB, still meeting the commonly accepted limit (1 × 10^–8 m/s). Geopolymer has great advantage in reducing the hydraulic conductivity before dry–wet cycles; while, the expansion characteristics of bentonite play a dominant role in filling the pores developed during the cycles and refining the internal structure of matrix, greatly improving the durability of GCWB. This study proves that GCWB with NaB is a favorable cutoff wall material, especially in areas where dry–wet cycles may occur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 2","pages":"931 - 944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive behaviour of a granular matrix containing coal mine waste intermixed with rubber crumbs","authors":"A. S. M. Riyad,&nbsp;Buddhima Indraratna,&nbsp;Yujie Qi,&nbsp;Miriam Tawk","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02433-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02433-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional railway substructure materials (i.e., natural crushed rock aggregates used for ballast and capping layers) degrade under service loads, incurring higher periodic maintenance costs compared to recycled materials. Using recycled waste materials such as coal wash and rubber crumbs for infrastructure upgrades not only reduces construction and maintenance costs but also supports environmental sustainability. By exploring unconventional avenues, earlier studies have delved into the viability of blending rubber crumbs (RC) and coal wash (CW) as an innovative substitute for traditional railway substructure materials, with a specific focus on the capping layer. This study introduces a semi-empirical constitutive model to simulate the response of mixtures of coal wash and rubber crumbs (CWRC) using the bounding surface plasticity framework. The novelty of this study is that a modified volumetric strain expression is introduced to capture the compressibility of rubber, thus enabling a more accurate representation of the internal deformation of rubber within the granular matrix. The variation of rubber content in the mixture is captured by the corresponding critical state void ratio surface and the hardening modulus. The theoretical model is then calibrated and validated using static drained triaxial test data for CWRC mixtures as well as mixtures of steel furnace slag, coal wash, and rubber crumbs (SFS + CW + RC).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 1","pages":"185 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-024-02433-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic conductivity and microscopic properties of sodium hexametaphosphate-amended sand-sodium-activated calcium bentonite backfill in vertical cutoff walls exposed to lead-contaminated groundwater","authors":"Zhe-Yuan Jiang,&nbsp;Run Zhang,&nbsp;Zhong-Yuan Li,&nbsp;Xian-Lei Fu,&nbsp;Yu-Ling Yang,&nbsp;Ning-Jun Jiang,&nbsp;Yan-Jun Du","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02444-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02444-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)-amended sand-sodium-activated calcium bentonite backfill in vertical cutoff walls to contain flow of lead nitrate solutions (Pb(NO₃)₂), used as simulated lead (Pb)-contaminated groundwater. Workability of SHMP-amended slurry, grain-size distributions and Atterberg limits of SHMP-amended sodium-activated calcium bentonite (conventional bentonite, CB) were evaluated. The results indicated that the SHMP content in slurry was optimized as 2% of the dry weight of bentonite via workability. The SHMP amendment yielded reduced particle diameter and increased clay-sized fraction of the bentonite. When exposed to the simulated Pb-contaminated groundwater, the amended backfill exhibited lower hydraulic conductivity value than 10^–9 m/s, while that of unamended backfill increased approximately two orders of magnitude. A series of microscopic tests were conducted to understand why SHMP amendment could improve the chemical compatibility of the backfill. The X-ray diffraction analyses showed an intercalation of SHMP into montmorillonite platelets in the amended backfill permeated with 500 mM Pb(NO₃)₂ solution. The environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry analyses indicated that the hydrated amended bentonite along with needle-shaped Pb₃(PO₄)₂ and PbHPO₄ were found in amended backfill after permeating with 500 mM Pb(NO₃)₂ solution in accordance with the X-ray diffraction analysis. The micropore and macropore proportions of amended backfill increased after permeating with 500 mM Pb(NO₃)₂ solution. The mechanisms of superior hydraulic performance of the amended backfill exposed to lead contamination were attributed to the chemical reaction between lead and SHMP-amended backfill, steric stabilization imposed by the SHMP, and intercalation of SHMP into montmorillonite platelets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1235 - 1250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water retention behavior and microstructural evolution of GMZ bentonite granules upon wetting and drying for deep geological disposal","authors":"Fan Peng,&nbsp;Chen Bo,&nbsp;De’an Sun,&nbsp;You Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02442-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02442-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared with compacted block, the bentonite granules (BG) were increasingly considered as feasible sealing materials for deep geological disposal, due to its superior operationality and installation efficiency. However, further studies are needed to assess the hydraulic response and microstructural evolution of BG. This work focused on the water retention behavior of BG specimens prepared with different grading curves and void ratios (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), under confined/unconfined conditions following wetting and drying paths. The specimens’ pore structure and its evolution were studied using mercury intrusion porosimetry. Results indicated that the water retention capacity was generally unique at high suctions (&gt; about 10 MPa) due to adsorption mechanism, while it was related to pore structure at low suctions. Under confined condition, wetting caused macropore (i.e., inter-aggregate/pellet pores) compression and pore structure rearrangement, while the inter-particle pores kept almost unchanged. BG specimen with more and coarser granules initially exhibited more and bigger macropores, and its initial granular structure was progressively lost upon wetting. Meanwhile, the volume expansion was relatively limited upon wetting at high suctions, below which it gradually became obvious. Comparatively, wetting caused macropore enlargement and even cracks generation under unconfined condition. After saturation under confined condition, drying caused initially macropore contraction and the granular structure was somewhat recovered that could result in further opening of cracks. Besides, the shrinking rate gradually became slow at suction &gt; about 30 MPa. This study is conducive to comprehension and design of engineered barrier system for deep geological disposal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"19 12","pages":"7821 - 7833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralization and CO2 fixation behavior of alkaline recycled soil using column tests with CO2 ventilation","authors":"Su Myat Mon,&nbsp;Aya Sakaguchi,&nbsp;Kimitoshi Hayano,&nbsp;Hiromoto Yamauchi","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02441-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02441-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Column tests were conducted to elucidate the pH neutralization and CO₂ fixation behavior of alkaline recycled soils permeated with CO₂. The ventilation period required for complete CO₂ fixation (<i>t</i>_EOF) was estimated from the test results of each column. The maximum amount of CO₂ captured per gram of dry soil ((<i>m</i>_CO2)^max) was determined based on the inflow and outflow of CO₂ for each specimen. The investigation into the effects of soil density, specimen height, CO₂ gas concentration, and flow rate on <i>t</i>_EOF and (<i>m</i>_CO2)^max revealed that <i>t</i>_EOF increased with higher dry density (<i>ρ</i>_d) or specimen height (<i>H</i>), as a denser and larger specimen consumed more CO₂ gas. Conversely, <i>t</i>_EOF decreased with a higher CO₂ gas concentration (<i>C</i>) or flow volume (<i>Q</i>) because a low <i>C</i> or <i>Q</i> resulted in an insufficient CO₂ gas supply to match the consumption induced by the reaction. Lower <i>C</i> and <i>Q</i> tended to yield higher (<i>m</i>_CO2)^max, whereas higher <i>ρ</i>_d and <i>H</i> resulted in higher (<i>m</i>_CO2)^max. Furthermore, (<i>m</i>_CO2)^max increased with <i>t</i>_EOF, with a slight reduction in pH after neutralization with increased <i>t</i>_EOF. This phenomenon was attributed to the longer ventilation period enabling more Ca to react with the CO₂ gas and maintain the equilibrium state of the reaction. Finally, the evaluation of the CO₂ consumption rate (<i>CSR</i>) for each column specimen revealed that a higher <i>C</i> and <i>Q</i> resulted in a lower <i>CSR</i>, whereas a higher <i>H</i> resulted in a higher <i>CSR</i>. Additionally, a longer <i>t</i>_EOF was associated with a higher <i>CSR</i>, although some variation was observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1213 - 1233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-024-02441-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the spatial variability of marine soil properties with site-specific sparse data using a Bayesian data fusion approach","authors":"Zechao Zhang,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Lulu Zhang,&nbsp;Zijun Cao,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Yongtang Yu,&nbsp;Jianguo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02419-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02419-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sparse site-specific test data complicates soil spatial variability characterization, resulting in substantial statistical uncertainty in model parameters. Rare studies explicitly address this uncertainty, a more pronounced issue in offshore wind engineering due to large and multi-source yet sparse and non-co-located data. This study proposes a Bayesian conditional co-simulation (BCCS) method for spatial variability characterization of marine soils in offshore wind farms. Utilizing primary (e.g., internal friction angle, <i>ϕ</i>) and secondary (e.g., standard penetration test, SPT <i>N</i> values) variable measurements, the BCCS method employs a Bayesian framework to infer variogram model parameters and to quantify statistical uncertainty. Notably, the statistical uncertainty is considered in subsequent conditional co-simulation of the primary variable. The proposed approach is applied to characterizing the spatial variability of <i>ϕ</i> based on measurements of <i>ϕ</i> and SPT <i>N</i> in a sand layer in an offshore wind farm. The proposed methodology effectively characterizes marine soil spatial variability using sparse non-co-located primary and secondary datasets. Neglecting statistical uncertainty in variogram model parameters underestimates the prediction uncertainty for the primary variable. This can be mitigated by incorporating an informative prior distribution, assimilating secondary data, and increasing primary data volume. Efficacy depends on existing knowledge and data quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 2","pages":"765 - 779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}